Spurious correlation #3,776 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Sonny and the second variable is Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Sonny and the second variable is Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

AI explanation

As the number of people named Sonny rose, there was a corresponding surge in sunny dispositions. This led to an increase in heart health and overall well-being across the population. With healthier hearts, there was a decreased demand for Edwards Lifesciences' cardiac products, leading to a shortage in the market. The scarcity of these life-saving devices drove up the company's stock price as investors realized the soaring demand for their products. It seems like the name Sonny truly brought a ray of sunshine to both people's lives and the stock market!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image showing a vibrant and colorful pop art rendition of a playground scene. In the foreground, Sonny is being called out to join the game, with his name echoed through bold, dynamic lettering. The children playing are depicted with playful and exaggerated expressions, radiating joy and energy. Nearby, a stylized stock ticker displays the rising stock price of Edwards Lifesciences, using eye-catching colors and patterns to represent the surge in investments. In the background, a group of grandparents is portrayed with warm and loving expressions as they watch the children play, surrounded by swirls of lively colors to convey the warmth of their emotions. The entire scene should be displayed with a lively and dynamic pop art aesthetic, using bold lines, vibrant colors, and energetic compositions. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cubism Realistic Cyber folk Oragami Pop art
ChatGPT: Pop art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW), in the following situation: Because as the popularity of the first name Sonny increased, more people were reminded of their love for their grandparents, leading them to invest in companies like Edwards Lifesciences, which specializes in heart-related medical devices, because they wanted to show their "cardiac love" for their elders by supporting the company financially.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A playground buzzes with children as Sonny is called out to join the game, his name echoing loudly. Nearby, a stock ticker displays Edwards Lifesciences' rising stock price, reflecting the surge in investments. In the background, a group of grandparents watches the children play, feeling the warmth of their grandchildren's love as they witness their joy.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Pop art ] and depicting this scene: A playground buzzes with children as Sonny is called out to join the game, his name echoing loudly. Nearby, a stock ticker displays Edwards Lifesciences' rising stock price, reflecting the surge in investments. In the background, a group of grandparents watches the children play, feeling the warmth of their grandchildren's love as they witness their joy. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image showing a vibrant and colorful pop art rendition of a playground scene. In the foreground, Sonny is being called out to join the game, with his name echoed through bold, dynamic lettering. The children playing are depicted with playful and exaggerated expressions, radiating joy and energy. Nearby, a stylized stock ticker displays the rising stock price of Edwards Lifesciences, using eye-catching colors and patterns to represent the surge in investments. In the background, a group of grandparents is portrayed with warm and loving expressions as they watch the children play, surrounded by swirls of lively colors to convey the warmth of their emotions. The entire scene should be displayed with a lively and dynamic pop art aesthetic, using bold lines, vibrant colors, and energetic compositions.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Sonny caused Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price

The Journal of Pseudoscientific Economics

Jan 2024

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a meticulously researched investigation into the potential interplay between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) over the past two decades. Our team delved into extensive datasets from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover any hidden connections or correlations. Employing rigorous statistical methods, we obtained a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. However, whether the popularity of the name "Sonny" could truly influence Edwards Lifesciences' stock price or if it's simply a coincidental correlation is a question that remains delightfully obscure. This research provides a lighthearted yet thought-provoking analysis that might just make you feel sonny!

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of nomenclature and financial markets has long been a subject of intrigue and speculation. From the classic Dorito effect (the correlation between Doritos consumption and stock market performance) to the more recent avocado index (the relationship between avocado prices and millennial housing purchases), researchers have sought to uncover hidden connections and whimsical associations. In this vein, our study sets its sights on the curious case of the first name "Sonny" and its potential relationship to the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW).
While the notion of a person's name influencing the ebb and flow of stock prices may seem preposterous at first glance, a closer examination unveils a playful yet captivating dimension to the financial landscape. It is within this realm of intellectual exploration and statistical intrigue that the present study endeavors to shed light. Our aim is not only to tickle the scientific imagination but also to provide a robust and data-driven analysis to add a dash of whimsy to the often austere domain of financial research.
The origins of the name "Sonny" can be traced back to a mix of endearingly retro charm and a timeless aura of affability. It brings to mind a classic blend of sunglasses-clad coolness and warm, beaming smiles. Similarly, Edwards Lifesciences, as a leader in medical technology, exudes an air of innovation and life-affirming impact. In this juxtaposition of the personified name and the stalwart company, our study aims to uncover any semblance of influence that might transcend the realms of statistics and dive into the depths of sociocultural phenomena.
With the rise of computational methods and vast, rich repositories of data, it is now within our grasp to explore these enigmas with ever more precision. By sifting through decades of Social Security Administration records and financial market data, we have unearthed patterns that, at first glance, may seem serendipitous and fanciful. However, as any seasoned researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can lead to the most captivating revelations.
Therefore, with a twinkle in our eyes and a robust suite of statistical analyses at our disposal, we invite you to join us on this whimsical romp through the "Sonny" side of financial research. As we embark on this unconventional journey, we encourage our readers to don their metaphorical shades and prepare for a data-driven, laughter-infused exploration that might just make you feel "sonny" indeed.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "The Influence of Personal Names on Financial Markets" by Smith et al., the authors find a comprehensive review of the historical and contemporary impact of personal names on stock prices. Smith et al. provide a thorough examination of the linguistic and psychological underpinnings that may contribute to such phenomena. The study offers valuable insights into the potential cross-pollination between nomenclature and financial indices, paving the way for explorations into the likes of "Sonny" and its potential influence on Edwards Lifesciences' stock performance.

Doe's "Naming Trends and Market Dynamics" delves into the intricate dance between popular first names and stock price movements. The study meticulously dissects the lexical connotations associated with specific names and their potential reverberations in the financial domain. Doe's work serves as a springboard for delving into the whimsical yet compelling association between the name "Sonny" and the trajectory of Edwards Lifesciences' stock price.

Jones' "The Name Game: A Linguistic Journey through Financial Markets" provides a captivating panorama of the interplay between names and market dynamics. Through a deft blend of linguistic anthropology and financial analysis, Jones paints a vivid picture of how personal names can weave into the tapestry of stock price movements. This insightful exploration sets the stage for our investigation into the potential correlation between the prevalence of the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock performance.

However, as we transition from the serious and staid world of academic literature to a more unconventional and downright zany collection of sources, we encounter some unexpected companions in our analytical journey. While these sources may not conform to traditional academic standards, they offer an eclectic and engaging perspective that adds a touch of whimsy to our exploration.

In "Stocks and Stones: The Curious Case of Name-Based Market Mojo" by Lorem and Ipsum, the authors embark on a lighthearted adventure through the annals of financial folklore. Through anecdotes and tongue-in-cheek illustrations, Lorem and Ipsum playfully muse on the potential influence of names on stock market performance. While their approach may not align with the rigidity of academic convention, their musings infuse a sense of joviality into the otherwise somber world of financial research.

Turning to the realm of fiction, we find intriguing titles that, while not explicitly related to the correlation between the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price, offer a whimsical resonance with our research theme. "The Name Charade" by Fictional Author A. Novel introduces a captivating narrative where the protagonist's name seemingly shapes the course of financial fortunes, blurring the lines between reality and whimsy. Similarly, "Mystery at Market Manor" by Fictional Author B. Story weaves a tale where cryptic names hold the key to unlocking market mysteries, adding an unexpected twist to the standard literary fare.

In the world of board games, we encounter the enigmatic "Monopoly: Stock Edition," wherein players navigate the volatility of stock prices intertwined with the caprice of name-based influence. As the game unfolds, players must grapple with the whims of chance and nomenclature, offering a playful parallel to our own exploration of the potential connection between the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock performance.

These unconventional companions on our literary tour may raise a quizzical eyebrow or two, but they serve as a gentle reminder that even in the realm of scholarly inquiry, an occasional detour into the realms of wit and whimsy can provide a refreshing perspective.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a meticulously researched investigation into the potential interplay between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) over the past two decades. Our team delved into extensive datasets from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover any hidden connections or correlations. Employing rigorous statistical methods, we obtained a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. However, whether the popularity of the name "Sonny" could truly influence Edwards Lifesciences' stock price or if it's simply a coincidental correlation is a question that remains delightfully obscure. This research provides a lighthearted yet thought-provoking analysis that might just make you feel sonny!

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of nomenclature and financial markets has long been a subject of intrigue and speculation. From the classic Dorito effect (the correlation between Doritos consumption and stock market performance) to the more recent avocado index (the relationship between avocado prices and millennial housing purchases), researchers have sought to uncover hidden connections and whimsical associations. In this vein, our study sets its sights on the curious case of the first name "Sonny" and its potential relationship to the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW).
While the notion of a person's name influencing the ebb and flow of stock prices may seem preposterous at first glance, a closer examination unveils a playful yet captivating dimension to the financial landscape. It is within this realm of intellectual exploration and statistical intrigue that the present study endeavors to shed light. Our aim is not only to tickle the scientific imagination but also to provide a robust and data-driven analysis to add a dash of whimsy to the often austere domain of financial research.
The origins of the name "Sonny" can be traced back to a mix of endearingly retro charm and a timeless aura of affability. It brings to mind a classic blend of sunglasses-clad coolness and warm, beaming smiles. Similarly, Edwards Lifesciences, as a leader in medical technology, exudes an air of innovation and life-affirming impact. In this juxtaposition of the personified name and the stalwart company, our study aims to uncover any semblance of influence that might transcend the realms of statistics and dive into the depths of sociocultural phenomena.
With the rise of computational methods and vast, rich repositories of data, it is now within our grasp to explore these enigmas with ever more precision. By sifting through decades of Social Security Administration records and financial market data, we have unearthed patterns that, at first glance, may seem serendipitous and fanciful. However, as any seasoned researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can lead to the most captivating revelations.
Therefore, with a twinkle in our eyes and a robust suite of statistical analyses at our disposal, we invite you to join us on this whimsical romp through the "Sonny" side of financial research. As we embark on this unconventional journey, we encourage our readers to don their metaphorical shades and prepare for a data-driven, laughter-infused exploration that might just make you feel "sonny" indeed.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To empirically investigate the purported association between the prevalence of the given name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price, our research team embarked on a journey that would make even the most audacious data sleuth do a double take. Our data collection strategy involved tapping into the vast expanse of information offered by the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv). These sources provided a rich tapestry of data from the years 2002 to 2022, allowing us to scrutinize a substantial temporal window in our quest for statistical merriment.

The initial phase of our investigation involved traversing the labyrinthine corridors of the US Social Security Administration's records, deciphering the ebb and flow of the name "Sonny" across different birth cohorts. Utilizing a complex algorithm infused with a bit of whimsy, we distilled this name prevalence into quantifiable metrics that could be juxtaposed with the fluctuating fortunes of Edwards Lifesciences' stock price. It's worth noting that our algorithm included a special subroutine to account for variations in regional popularity of the name, ensuring that our analysis wasn't just a wacky romp through a single geographic domain.

Simultaneously, we swam in the stock market sea, navigating the turbulent waters of Edwards Lifesciences' financial performance with the diligence of a seafaring statistician. Extracting a treasure trove of stock price data from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we meticulously combed through daily, weekly, and monthly stock movements, all the while keeping a weather eye on the tantalizing correlations that might emerge between "Sonny" sightings and the stock ticker of EW.

With our data in hand and a sense of scientific adventure in our hearts, we unleashed the full force of statistical machinery upon the amassed datasets. Employing a medley of correlation analyses, including Pearson's r and Spearman's rho, we sought to disentangle the possible relationships between the waxing and waning popularity of "Sonny" and the undulating waves of Edwards Lifesciences' stock price. In doing so, we tapped into the hallowed halls of inferential statistics, deploying significance tests to tease out the likelihood that any observed associations were more than mere statistical mirages.

In a bid to lend an air of whimsy to our rigorous methods, we also embarked on an expedition into the realms of sentiment analysis, scouring online discussions, social media musings, and perhaps the odd fortune cookie prophecy, in search of any murmurs of the name "Sonny" echoed in the investment reverberations of Edwards Lifesciences. While this endeavor may have seemed like tilting at statistical windmills, we believed it was a necessary ingredient in our quest to imbue our research with a dash of levity and intangible connections.

Ultimately, our approach was underpinned by a commitment to data integrity, methodological rigour, and a sprinkle of scientific playfulness. With these elements in harmony, we ventured forth, aiming not only to scrutinize correlations but also to infuse our analysis with a subtle touch of enchantment. And now, dear reader, we invite you to join us as we unravel the mystique of the "Sonny" side of stock market stylings.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a meticulously researched investigation into the potential interplay between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) over the past two decades. Our team delved into extensive datasets from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover any hidden connections or correlations. Employing rigorous statistical methods, we obtained a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. However, whether the popularity of the name "Sonny" could truly influence Edwards Lifesciences' stock price or if it's simply a coincidental correlation is a question that remains delightfully obscure. This research provides a lighthearted yet thought-provoking analysis that might just make you feel sonny!

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "The Influence of Personal Names on Financial Markets" by Smith et al., the authors find a comprehensive review of the historical and contemporary impact of personal names on stock prices. Smith et al. provide a thorough examination of the linguistic and psychological underpinnings that may contribute to such phenomena. The study offers valuable insights into the potential cross-pollination between nomenclature and financial indices, paving the way for explorations into the likes of "Sonny" and its potential influence on Edwards Lifesciences' stock performance.
Doe's "Naming Trends and Market Dynamics" delves into the intricate dance between popular first names and stock price movements. The study meticulously dissects the lexical connotations associated with specific names and their potential reverberations in the financial domain. Doe's work serves as a springboard for delving into the whimsical yet compelling association between the name "Sonny" and the trajectory of Edwards Lifesciences' stock price.
Jones' "The Name Game: A Linguistic Journey through Financial Markets" provides a captivating panorama of the interplay between names and market dynamics. Through a deft blend of linguistic anthropology and financial analysis, Jones paints a vivid picture of how personal names can weave into the tapestry of stock price movements. This insightful exploration sets the stage for our investigation into the potential correlation between the prevalence of the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock performance.
However, as we transition from the serious and staid world of academic literature to a more unconventional and downright zany collection of sources, we encounter some unexpected companions in our analytical journey. While these sources may not conform to traditional academic standards, they offer an eclectic and engaging perspective that adds a touch of whimsy to our exploration.
In "Stocks and Stones: The Curious Case of Name-Based Market Mojo" by Lorem and Ipsum, the authors embark on a lighthearted adventure through the annals of financial folklore. Through anecdotes and tongue-in-cheek illustrations, Lorem and Ipsum playfully muse on the potential influence of names on stock market performance. While their approach may not align with the rigidity of academic convention, their musings infuse a sense of joviality into the otherwise somber world of financial research.
Turning to the realm of fiction, we find intriguing titles that, while not explicitly related to the correlation between the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price, offer a whimsical resonance with our research theme. "The Name Charade" by Fictional Author A. Novel introduces a captivating narrative where the protagonist's name seemingly shapes the course of financial fortunes, blurring the lines between reality and whimsy. Similarly, "Mystery at Market Manor" by Fictional Author B. Story weaves a tale where cryptic names hold the key to unlocking market mysteries, adding an unexpected twist to the standard literary fare.
In the world of board games, we encounter the enigmatic "Monopoly: Stock Edition," wherein players navigate the volatility of stock prices intertwined with the caprice of name-based influence. As the game unfolds, players must grapple with the whims of chance and nomenclature, offering a playful parallel to our own exploration of the potential connection between the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock performance.
These unconventional companions on our literary tour may raise a quizzical eyebrow or two, but they serve as a gentle reminder that even in the realm of scholarly inquiry, an occasional detour into the realms of wit and whimsy can provide a refreshing perspective.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) yielded intriguing results that are bound to elicit a wry smile. The correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 indicates a remarkably strong positive correlation between the two variables for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022. In simpler terms, as the popularity of the name "Sonny" waxed or waned, the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences mirrored its movements with striking fidelity.
Further bolstering the robustness of this connection, the r-squared value of 0.9802502 demonstrates that a staggering 98.02% of the variability in Edwards Lifesciences' stock price can be explained by the popularity of the name "Sonny." It's as if the whims of the stock market were swaying to the rhythm of "Sonny" in an elaborate and unexpected financial waltz.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that this correlation is not merely a happenstance occurrence. However, while our findings do point to a solid statistical relationship, the underlying causality between the two variables remains tantalizingly enigmatic.
Fig. 1 showcases the scatterplot depicting the strong positive correlation between the popularity of the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price. The figurative dance between the two variables is captivating, reminiscent of a delightful pas de deux in the grand ballroom of financial data.
In summary, our results highlight a robust and statistically significant correlation between the use of the name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences. Whether this correlation merely reflects a delightful coincidence or hints at a deeper, hidden connection between nomenclature and financial dynamics is a question that beckons further exploration. As we ponder the implications of our findings, it becomes evident that the "Sonny" side of the financial world may harbor more surprises than meets the eye, inviting us to embrace the lighthearted whimsy interwoven with the tapestry of stock market analytics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our investigation into the potential interplay between the popularity of the name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) has unveiled a strikingly strong correlation, leading us to wonder if the financial world is indeed "sonny" side up. Our findings not only support the earlier research of Smith et al. and Doe, but they also raise eyebrows and inspire a sense of wonder akin to stumbling upon a well-crafted pun - the kind that makes you cringe and chuckle in equal measure.

Like the serendipitous discovery of an unexpected punchline, our statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 prompts a sense of bemusement, akin to stumbling upon a rare specimen in the realm of empirical research. It's as if the financial markets are whispering a punchline that only a select few can discern, leaving us to ponder whether the "Sonny" phenomenon is a comedic fluke or a subtle subversion of statistical expectations.

The resonance with the zany musings of Lorem and Ipsum seems undeniable, as our findings introduce a playful twist to the conventional symphony of financial data. Much like the whimsical allure of a captivating board game, the "Sonny" name dances through the labyrinthine corridors of market dynamics, turning the sober narrative of financial analysis into a lighthearted anecdote that tickles the imagination.

In supporting the scholarly works of Jones and the unconventional literary escapades of Fictional Author A. Novel and Fictional Author B. Story, our study not only substantiates the potential influence of personal names on market dynamics but also invites a whimsical reconsideration of our traditional perceptions of financial causality. Indeed, our results nudge the door of financial research ajar, hinting at a realm where the caprice of nomenclature and statistical robustness perhaps share an unexpected pas de deux.

In showcasing our intriguing findings, we invite the scientific community to join us in a half-smile of bewilderment as we peer through the prism of the "Sonny" phenomenon and the captivating twists it introduces to the financial narrative. With an eye for empirical rigor and a heart open to the curious revelations of statistical inquiry, we find ourselves embracing the unpredictability of the "Sonny" side of financial exploration, ready to unravel its enigmatic charms and revel in the delightful whimsies that pepper our rigorous pursuit of research.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper presents a meticulously researched investigation into the potential interplay between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) over the past two decades. Our team delved into extensive datasets from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover any hidden connections or correlations. Employing rigorous statistical methods, we obtained a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. However, whether the popularity of the name "Sonny" could truly influence Edwards Lifesciences' stock price or if it's simply a coincidental correlation is a question that remains delightfully obscure. This research provides a lighthearted yet thought-provoking analysis that might just make you feel sonny!

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of nomenclature and financial markets has long been a subject of intrigue and speculation. From the classic Dorito effect (the correlation between Doritos consumption and stock market performance) to the more recent avocado index (the relationship between avocado prices and millennial housing purchases), researchers have sought to uncover hidden connections and whimsical associations. In this vein, our study sets its sights on the curious case of the first name "Sonny" and its potential relationship to the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW).
While the notion of a person's name influencing the ebb and flow of stock prices may seem preposterous at first glance, a closer examination unveils a playful yet captivating dimension to the financial landscape. It is within this realm of intellectual exploration and statistical intrigue that the present study endeavors to shed light. Our aim is not only to tickle the scientific imagination but also to provide a robust and data-driven analysis to add a dash of whimsy to the often austere domain of financial research.
The origins of the name "Sonny" can be traced back to a mix of endearingly retro charm and a timeless aura of affability. It brings to mind a classic blend of sunglasses-clad coolness and warm, beaming smiles. Similarly, Edwards Lifesciences, as a leader in medical technology, exudes an air of innovation and life-affirming impact. In this juxtaposition of the personified name and the stalwart company, our study aims to uncover any semblance of influence that might transcend the realms of statistics and dive into the depths of sociocultural phenomena.
With the rise of computational methods and vast, rich repositories of data, it is now within our grasp to explore these enigmas with ever more precision. By sifting through decades of Social Security Administration records and financial market data, we have unearthed patterns that, at first glance, may seem serendipitous and fanciful. However, as any seasoned researcher knows, sometimes the most unexpected correlations can lead to the most captivating revelations.
Therefore, with a twinkle in our eyes and a robust suite of statistical analyses at our disposal, we invite you to join us on this whimsical romp through the "Sonny" side of financial research. As we embark on this unconventional journey, we encourage our readers to don their metaphorical shades and prepare for a data-driven, laughter-infused exploration that might just make you feel "sonny" indeed.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the relationship between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) yielded intriguing results that are bound to elicit a wry smile. The correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 indicates a remarkably strong positive correlation between the two variables for the time period spanning from 2002 to 2022. In simpler terms, as the popularity of the name "Sonny" waxed or waned, the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences mirrored its movements with striking fidelity.
Further bolstering the robustness of this connection, the r-squared value of 0.9802502 demonstrates that a staggering 98.02% of the variability in Edwards Lifesciences' stock price can be explained by the popularity of the name "Sonny." It's as if the whims of the stock market were swaying to the rhythm of "Sonny" in an elaborate and unexpected financial waltz.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that this correlation is not merely a happenstance occurrence. However, while our findings do point to a solid statistical relationship, the underlying causality between the two variables remains tantalizingly enigmatic.
Fig. 1 showcases the scatterplot depicting the strong positive correlation between the popularity of the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price. The figurative dance between the two variables is captivating, reminiscent of a delightful pas de deux in the grand ballroom of financial data.
In summary, our results highlight a robust and statistically significant correlation between the use of the name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences. Whether this correlation merely reflects a delightful coincidence or hints at a deeper, hidden connection between nomenclature and financial dynamics is a question that beckons further exploration. As we ponder the implications of our findings, it becomes evident that the "Sonny" side of the financial world may harbor more surprises than meets the eye, inviting us to embrace the lighthearted whimsy interwoven with the tapestry of stock market analytics.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

In concluding, our study has shed light on the remarkably strong correlation between the popularity of the name "Sonny" and the stock price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW), leaving us with more questions than answers. Although our findings may seem "Sonny" and lighthearted, the implications are as thought-provoking as a complex equation. The statistical dance between the name "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences' stock price is undeniably striking, reminiscent of a comical tango in the data arena. However, the causality behind this correlation remains as puzzling as a riddle wrapped in an enigma. It appears that the financial world may harbor more mysteries than we initially anticipated, begging the question, "What's in a name, after all?" As we ponder the whimsical implications of our findings, it becomes clear that delving into the "Sonny" side of financial dynamics is a delightful escapade worth savouring. Yet, it is evident that no further research is needed in this area, as we have waltzed through the statistical ballroom of "Sonny" and Edwards Lifesciences with finesse and flair.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Pseudoscientific Economics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Whimsical Research and Analysis

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price with an abstract of This paper presents a meticulously researched investigation into the potential interplay between the popularity of the first name "Sonny" and the stock performance of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) over the past two decades. Our team delved into extensive datasets from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to uncover any hidden connections or correlations. Employing rigorous statistical methods, we obtained a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9900758 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning from 2002 to 2022. However, whether the popularity of the name "Sonny" could truly influence Edwards Lifesciences' stock price or if it's simply a coincidental correlation is a question that remains delightfully obscure. This research provides a lighthearted yet thought-provoking analysis that might just make you feel sonny!

ChatGPT:

Sonny, Sonny name popularity, Edwards Lifesciences stock performance, stock price correlation, US Social Security Administration dataset, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, correlation coefficient, statistical methods, Edwards Lifesciences stock price, name influence on stock price, coincidental correlation, lighthearted analysis, thought-provoking, sonny sentiment

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Sonny
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Sonny
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Sonny

Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Edwards Lifesciences (EW) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW)

Correlation r = 0.9900758 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9802502 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 98% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Sonny) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.2E-17.^Show 0.0000000000000000117115766325
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.99 in 1.2E-15% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 85,385,600,195,362,928 random variables^Note You don't actually need 85 quadrillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.98, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Popularity of the first name Sonny (Babies born)	220	240	222	250	236	249	258	260	230	254	241	265	259	301	286	332	415	454	572	641	766
Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW) (Stock price)	2.3	2.11	2.51	3.44	3.46	3.9	3.81	4.52	7.31	13.59	12.01	15.32	10.95	21.36	26.03	31.27	37.23	50.64	76.67	91.5	129.07

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([220,240,222,250,236,249,258,260,230,254,241,265,259,301,286,332,415,454,572,641,766,])
array_2 = np.array([2.3,2.11,2.51,3.44,3.46,3.9,3.81,4.52,7.31,13.59,12.01,15.32,10.95,21.36,26.03,31.27,37.23,50.64,76.67,91.5,129.07,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Sonny"
array_2_name = "Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Sonny
Line chart for only Edwards Lifesciences' stock price (EW)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: The Sonny Side Up: A Correlational Study of the Name Sonny and Edwards Lifesciences' Stock Price

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Correlation ID: 3776 · Black Variable ID: 3904 · Red Variable ID: 1755


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