Spurious correlation #3,635 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Buffalo and the second variable is Google searches for 'snoop dog'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Buffalo and the second variable is Google searches for 'snoop dog'. The chart goes from 2004 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As air pollution in Buffalo increased, locals were more likely to stay indoors, leading to a surge in snoop dog searches as they rediscovered their love for his music while trying to find the perfect stay-at-home playlist. Remember, even smoggy skies have a hip-hop silver lining!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a cartoon-style city skyline, partially obscured by a thick, brown smog. In the foreground, depict a few people sitting outdoors, struggling to breathe and looking visibly weary. As the air quality improves, show the haze dissipating to reveal a clear, vibrant blue sky. People should be shown with smiles on their faces, lifting their heads and taking deep breaths of the fresh air. In the background, include a group of them gathered around a smartphone, excitedly typing "Snoop Dog" into the search bar. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Scalar art inspired by bauhaus Cute 2D animation a funny image macro Oragami
ChatGPT: a funny image macro

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'snoop dog', in the following situation: Changes in air pollution in Buffalo caused an increase in Google searches for "Snoop Dogg" because as the air quality improved, people in Buffalo were finally able to take deep breaths and think clearly. With their newfound mental clarity, they remembered the rapper's iconic tunes and hilarious antics, inspiring them to hop online and vibe with the Doggfather. Plus, with cleaner air, they could smell what Snoop was cookin' from miles away, and they wanted in on the action.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Buffalo, the city skyline is obscured by a brown haze of air pollution, but amidst the smog, a few people are seen sitting outdoors, gasping for fresh air. As the air quality improves, the haze dissipates, revealing a clear blue sky. People are now visible, lifting their heads and smiling as they take deep, refreshing breaths. In the background, a group of them are gathered around a smartphone, typing "Snoop Dog" into the search bar, eager to dive into the musical world of the iconic rapper.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ a funny image macro ] and depicting this scene: In Buffalo, the city skyline is obscured by a brown haze of air pollution, but amidst the smog, a few people are seen sitting outdoors, gasping for fresh air. As the air quality improves, the haze dissipates, revealing a clear blue sky. People are now visible, lifting their heads and smiling as they take deep, refreshing breaths. In the background, a group of them are gathered around a smartphone, typing "Snoop Dog" into the search bar, eager to dive into the musical world of the iconic rapper. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a cartoon-style city skyline, partially obscured by a thick, brown smog. In the foreground, depict a few people sitting outdoors, struggling to breathe and looking visibly weary. As the air quality improves, show the haze dissipating to reveal a clear, vibrant blue sky. People should be shown with smiles on their faces, lifting their heads and taking deep breaths of the fresh air. In the background, include a group of them gathered around a smartphone, excitedly typing "Snoop Dog" into the search bar.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in Air pollution in Buffalo positively influenced snoop dog (Google searches for 'snoop dog'). Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

The Journal of Quirky Environmental Sociology

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study examines the intriguing correlation between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of online searches for the iconic rapper "Snoop Dogg" using Google Trends data. Venturing into uncharted territory, our research team delved into the depths of two seemingly unrelated phenomena to uncover a surprising link. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning from 2004 to 2023.

It was discovered that there exists a remarkably strong correlation between levels of air pollution in Buffalo and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', with a correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01. The correlation persisted over the entire period studied, sparking curiosity within the research team and providing ample material for office-based "air-raising" puns.

The implications of this finding are far-reaching and open doors to a realm of speculation, leaving us pondering the potential reasons behind this peculiar association. Could it be that the smoggy skies of Buffalo evoke a yearning for the smooth tunes of Snoop Dogg, prompting individuals to turn to the internet in search of musical solace? Or perhaps there is an intricate web of sociocultural factors at play, intertwining the city's pollution levels with the evocative allure of the rapper's music.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on an unexpected relationship, offering a playful reminder that even in the realm of scientific inquiry, humorous connections may abound. This study serves as a testament to the unforeseen avenues of correlation that await exploration, as we continue to unravel the intricate tapestry of human behavior and environmental influence.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The pursuit of knowledge often leads researchers down unexpected paths, and our study is no exception. In the quest to decipher the mysteries of human behavior and environmental influences, we stumbled upon a correlation that could be described as "Snoop-erficial" at first glance, but turned out to be surprisingly robust. Our investigation delves into the unlikely link between air pollution in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for the renowned rapper, Snoop Dogg. As we embarked on this exploration, we couldn't help but wonder: is there something in the air that triggers an irresistible urge to search for Snoop, or is the connection merely a statistical fluke blowing in with the wind?
The endeavor began with a deep inhalation of the literature, where we found little to no precedent for such an endeavor. Nevertheless, armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we sought to exhume any buried association between these ostensibly unrelated variables. As we sifted through the statistical fog, we were filled with a sense of curiosity akin to a child embarking on an Easter egg hunt - albeit with data points instead of pastel-colored eggs. This curiosity led us to unearth a correlation so clear, it was as if Snoop Dogg himself had left us a trail of "clues."
It is well-established that air pollution can have significant impacts on public health and environmental quality, but its potential to influence internet search behavior had eluded the scientific community until now. Our findings, characterized by an astonishingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01, may prompt some to exclaim, "That's smog-nificant!" The statistical significance of our results is not lost on us, and we tread cautiously, making sure not to inhale any misplaced confounding variables along the way.
Gazing upon the data, we were greeted with a relationship so intriguing that it almost seemed to beckon us to further exploration. Like a tantalizing melody heard in the distance, the correlation between air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' seemed to whisper, "drop it like it's hot, but don't forget to control for other factors." Despite the initial surprise, our study amplifies the notion that scientific inquiry can be a playground for unexpected discoveries and, dare we say, a source of "Snoop-rises" that keep the research journey entertaining.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The authors find that air pollution is a well-documented public health concern with wide-ranging implications for respiratory and cardiovascular health (Smith, 2010). Furthermore, studies have highlighted the adverse effects of air pollution on environmental quality and biodiversity, emphasizing the need for stringent regulations and mitigation measures (Doe, 2015). However, an unconventional connection emerges as we delve into the intersection of air pollution and online search behavior, leading us to the unexpected realm of "Snoop Dogg" queries.

Turning to the non-fiction realm, the works of Al Gore ("An Inconvenient Truth") and Elizabeth Kolbert ("The Sixth Extinction") provide comprehensive insights into the multifaceted impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment. These seminal works offer a sobering perspective on the consequences of environmental degradation, setting the stage for our foray into the connection between air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg'.

In the realm of fiction, Michael Crichton's "State of Fear" and Margaret Atwood's "Oryx and Crake" beckon readers into dystopian worlds shaped by environmental crises. While these fictional narratives may seem far removed from our study's focus, they serve as a reminder of the complex interplay between human behavior and environmental stressors, offering a nuanced backdrop for our unexpected findings.

On a separate note, the board game "Smoggy Situation" - a playful simulation of air quality management in a bustling metropolis - offers a lighthearted yet informative take on the challenges of mitigating air pollution. While the game's primary objective is to achieve environmental sustainability, one cannot help but contemplate the potential influence of virtual "Snoop Dogg" searches on the players' strategic decisions.

Returning to the academic sphere, our exploration of the literature yields an intriguing alignment with our own findings. As we navigate the peculiar terrain of air pollution and pop culture references, the unexpected link between these seemingly disparate realms compels us to embrace the "Snoop-rises" that accompany unconventional scientific inquiry.

In "A Study of Smog: Unraveling the Mysteries of Urban Air Quality," researchers explore the intricate web of factors contributing to air pollution, focusing on urban centers as hotbeds of environmental challenges. While the study's primary emphasis lies in atmospheric composition and pollutant sources, our own investigation expands the scope to encompass the sociocultural nuances of online search behavior - a distinction that adds a whimsical dimension to the serious discourse surrounding air pollution.

The oeuvre of literature paints a nuanced portrait of the complex interactions between human behavior, environmental influences, and popular culture. As we embark on our own scholarly endeavor, the unexpected confluence of air pollution and "Snoop Dogg" queries invites a playful nod to the intricacies of correlation and the luminary presence of puns in the empirical landscape of science.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends . You used data from 2004 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study examines the intriguing correlation between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of online searches for the iconic rapper "Snoop Dogg" using Google Trends data. Venturing into uncharted territory, our research team delved into the depths of two seemingly unrelated phenomena to uncover a surprising link. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning from 2004 to 2023.

It was discovered that there exists a remarkably strong correlation between levels of air pollution in Buffalo and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', with a correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01. The correlation persisted over the entire period studied, sparking curiosity within the research team and providing ample material for office-based "air-raising" puns.

The implications of this finding are far-reaching and open doors to a realm of speculation, leaving us pondering the potential reasons behind this peculiar association. Could it be that the smoggy skies of Buffalo evoke a yearning for the smooth tunes of Snoop Dogg, prompting individuals to turn to the internet in search of musical solace? Or perhaps there is an intricate web of sociocultural factors at play, intertwining the city's pollution levels with the evocative allure of the rapper's music.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on an unexpected relationship, offering a playful reminder that even in the realm of scientific inquiry, humorous connections may abound. This study serves as a testament to the unforeseen avenues of correlation that await exploration, as we continue to unravel the intricate tapestry of human behavior and environmental influence.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The pursuit of knowledge often leads researchers down unexpected paths, and our study is no exception. In the quest to decipher the mysteries of human behavior and environmental influences, we stumbled upon a correlation that could be described as "Snoop-erficial" at first glance, but turned out to be surprisingly robust. Our investigation delves into the unlikely link between air pollution in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for the renowned rapper, Snoop Dogg. As we embarked on this exploration, we couldn't help but wonder: is there something in the air that triggers an irresistible urge to search for Snoop, or is the connection merely a statistical fluke blowing in with the wind?
The endeavor began with a deep inhalation of the literature, where we found little to no precedent for such an endeavor. Nevertheless, armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we sought to exhume any buried association between these ostensibly unrelated variables. As we sifted through the statistical fog, we were filled with a sense of curiosity akin to a child embarking on an Easter egg hunt - albeit with data points instead of pastel-colored eggs. This curiosity led us to unearth a correlation so clear, it was as if Snoop Dogg himself had left us a trail of "clues."
It is well-established that air pollution can have significant impacts on public health and environmental quality, but its potential to influence internet search behavior had eluded the scientific community until now. Our findings, characterized by an astonishingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01, may prompt some to exclaim, "That's smog-nificant!" The statistical significance of our results is not lost on us, and we tread cautiously, making sure not to inhale any misplaced confounding variables along the way.
Gazing upon the data, we were greeted with a relationship so intriguing that it almost seemed to beckon us to further exploration. Like a tantalizing melody heard in the distance, the correlation between air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' seemed to whisper, "drop it like it's hot, but don't forget to control for other factors." Despite the initial surprise, our study amplifies the notion that scientific inquiry can be a playground for unexpected discoveries and, dare we say, a source of "Snoop-rises" that keep the research journey entertaining.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The pursuit of unraveling the enigmatic connection between air pollution in Buffalo, New York, and Google searches for the venerable Snoop Dogg involved a methodological approach that aimed to capture the essence of this unexpected correlation. Our research team began by acquiring air pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency, encompassing a range of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3). These data were akin to a smorgasbord of atmospheric ingredients, allowing us to craft a rich tapestry of Buffalo's air quality over the years.

In parallel, we turned to Google Trends, which acted as our digital microscope, enabling us to scrutinize the temporal patterns of searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. This allowed us to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the ebb and flow of Snoop-related curiosity within the cyber confines of Buffalo's populace. Our data collection was thorough, reminiscent of a meticulously tended garden where each bloom of information had the potential to yield a nugget of insight.

The first step in our analysis involved the alignment of temporal data from the two disparate sources. This alignment task was akin to choreographing a dance between two partners with vastly different rhythms - the atmospheric dance of pollutants and the digital symphony of search queries. Once harmonized, the data underwent a series of quality checks, ensuring that no data points had "snuck in" unnoticed, akin to a stealthy Snoop Dogg lyric in a melodic refrain.

Following this, we employed advanced statistical methods, including time series analysis and correlation measures, to unveil the relationship between air pollution levels and Snoop Dogg searches. Our statistical toolkit resembled a trusty Swiss army knife, adept at extracting meaningful insights from the labyrinth of data. We ensured our analyses were robust, like well-anchored scientific hypotheses in a storm of skepticism, and accounted for potential confounders, outliers, and autocorrelation to prevent spurious conclusions from sneaking in.

Furthermore, to assess the robustness of our findings, we employed sensitivity analyses and conducted subgroup analyses based on different pollutants and temporal segments. This allowed us to dissect the correlation at a more granular level, akin to peeling back the layers of an onion to reveal the pungent truth within.

In our quest for methodological rigor, we employed techniques such as Granger causality tests to explore potential directional relationships between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches. This endeavor was not unlike unraveling a scientific mystery, with each test serving as a clue to understanding the underlying dynamics at play.

Lastly, to contextualize our findings within the broader landscape of environmental and sociocultural influences on internet search behavior, we embarked on qualitative interviews with Buffalo residents. This qualitative component added a human touch to our research, enriching our understanding of the subtle nuances that quantitative data alone could not capture, not unlike adding the finishing touch of seasoning to a well-prepared scientific dish.

Our methodological journey, akin to a scientific expedition through uncharted territories, allowed us to unravel the curious relationship between air pollution in Buffalo and the resonance of Snoop Dogg in cyberspace. With each methodological twist and turn, we strove to ensure that our research was anchored in scholarly rigor, yet not devoid of moments of levity and unexpected humor, much like a perfectly-timed dad joke in the midst of a serious academic discussion.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study examines the intriguing correlation between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of online searches for the iconic rapper "Snoop Dogg" using Google Trends data. Venturing into uncharted territory, our research team delved into the depths of two seemingly unrelated phenomena to uncover a surprising link. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning from 2004 to 2023.

It was discovered that there exists a remarkably strong correlation between levels of air pollution in Buffalo and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', with a correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01. The correlation persisted over the entire period studied, sparking curiosity within the research team and providing ample material for office-based "air-raising" puns.

The implications of this finding are far-reaching and open doors to a realm of speculation, leaving us pondering the potential reasons behind this peculiar association. Could it be that the smoggy skies of Buffalo evoke a yearning for the smooth tunes of Snoop Dogg, prompting individuals to turn to the internet in search of musical solace? Or perhaps there is an intricate web of sociocultural factors at play, intertwining the city's pollution levels with the evocative allure of the rapper's music.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on an unexpected relationship, offering a playful reminder that even in the realm of scientific inquiry, humorous connections may abound. This study serves as a testament to the unforeseen avenues of correlation that await exploration, as we continue to unravel the intricate tapestry of human behavior and environmental influence.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The authors find that air pollution is a well-documented public health concern with wide-ranging implications for respiratory and cardiovascular health (Smith, 2010). Furthermore, studies have highlighted the adverse effects of air pollution on environmental quality and biodiversity, emphasizing the need for stringent regulations and mitigation measures (Doe, 2015). However, an unconventional connection emerges as we delve into the intersection of air pollution and online search behavior, leading us to the unexpected realm of "Snoop Dogg" queries.
Turning to the non-fiction realm, the works of Al Gore ("An Inconvenient Truth") and Elizabeth Kolbert ("The Sixth Extinction") provide comprehensive insights into the multifaceted impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment. These seminal works offer a sobering perspective on the consequences of environmental degradation, setting the stage for our foray into the connection between air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg'.
In the realm of fiction, Michael Crichton's "State of Fear" and Margaret Atwood's "Oryx and Crake" beckon readers into dystopian worlds shaped by environmental crises. While these fictional narratives may seem far removed from our study's focus, they serve as a reminder of the complex interplay between human behavior and environmental stressors, offering a nuanced backdrop for our unexpected findings.
On a separate note, the board game "Smoggy Situation" - a playful simulation of air quality management in a bustling metropolis - offers a lighthearted yet informative take on the challenges of mitigating air pollution. While the game's primary objective is to achieve environmental sustainability, one cannot help but contemplate the potential influence of virtual "Snoop Dogg" searches on the players' strategic decisions.
Returning to the academic sphere, our exploration of the literature yields an intriguing alignment with our own findings. As we navigate the peculiar terrain of air pollution and pop culture references, the unexpected link between these seemingly disparate realms compels us to embrace the "Snoop-rises" that accompany unconventional scientific inquiry.
In "A Study of Smog: Unraveling the Mysteries of Urban Air Quality," researchers explore the intricate web of factors contributing to air pollution, focusing on urban centers as hotbeds of environmental challenges. While the study's primary emphasis lies in atmospheric composition and pollutant sources, our own investigation expands the scope to encompass the sociocultural nuances of online search behavior - a distinction that adds a whimsical dimension to the serious discourse surrounding air pollution.
The oeuvre of literature paints a nuanced portrait of the complex interactions between human behavior, environmental influences, and popular culture. As we embark on our own scholarly endeavor, the unexpected confluence of air pollution and "Snoop Dogg" queries invites a playful nod to the intricacies of correlation and the luminary presence of puns in the empirical landscape of science.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis conducted revealed a notable correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', indicating a strong positive association between the two variables. This finding suggests that as air pollution levels increased, there was a corresponding surge in Google searches for the iconic rapper. The results brought a breath of fresh air to the research team, who had braced themselves for a more tenuous connection.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7178748 indicated that approximately 71.8% of the variability in Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' could be explained by fluctuations in air pollution levels in Buffalo. This result pointed to a substantial degree of relationship between the variables, prompting the team to exclaim, "air's to hoping this isn't just a statistical fluke!"
Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation was unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. The research team breathed a collective sigh of relief, realizing that the association between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches was, in fact, a 'paw-sitively' significant discovery.
In supporting the quantitative findings, a scatterplot (Fig. 1) was constructed to visually depict the relationship between air pollution levels and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. The scatterplot revealed a clear, upward trend, akin to a wave of enthusiasm for Snoop Dogg rising alongside the atmospheric pollution levels. This visual representation served as a fitting companion to the numerical results, offering a succinct portrayal of the "smoke and Snoop" phenomenon.
The unexpected connection unearthed in this study prompts a reevaluation of the potential influences of environmental conditions on online search behavior, providing a humorous reminder that even in the realm of serious scientific inquiry, "Snoop-ing" around can lead to unexpected, yet intriguing findings.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of the present study offer compelling evidence of a robust association between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. The remarkably strong correlation coefficient and low p-value reinforce the notion that this unexpected relationship is not merely a statistical fluke, but rather a genuine manifestation of the interplay between environmental factors and online search behavior. Our results resonate with prior research emphasizing the multifaceted impacts of air pollution on human behavior and cultural phenomena, highlighting the unexpected "Snoop-effect" lurking within the realm of pollutant-laden skies.

The connection between air pollution and online searches for 'Snoop Dogg' aligns with the broader literature on environmental influences and human behavior, offering a whimsical yet thought-provoking twist to the scholarly discourse. While the playful interplay between these seemingly disparate realms may elicit a chuckle, it underscores the complexity of human responses to environmental stimuli. In essence, our findings emphasize the need to "clear the air" surrounding the potential influences of air pollution on online search patterns, paving the way for further exploration of the intricate tapestry of human cultural references and environmental conditions.

The notable coefficient of determination further underscores the substantial degree of relationship between air pollution levels and Snoop Dogg searches, effectively quantifying the extent to which fluctuations in air quality contribute to the variability in online search behavior. This statistical insight offers a quantitative lens through which to view the "smog and Snoop" phenomenon, revealing the nuanced dynamics at play in the virtual realm in response to real-world environmental changes. As we reflect on the magnitude of this relationship, one cannot help but appreciate the unexpected symphony of statistical significance and musical allusions that pervade our findings.

Moreover, the visual representation provided by the scatterplot serves as a compelling visual testament to the parallel rise of atmospheric pollution and Snoop Dogg searches. This vivid portrayal encapsulates the essence of our findings, encapsulating the "wave" of interest in the rapper amidst the "smoke" of environmental pollution. In doing so, the scatterplot becomes not only a scientific tool but also a canvas for artistic interpretation, accentuating the interconnectedness of data visualization and cultural resonance. This striking visual confirmation adds color to the empirical landscape, evoking a ripple of amusement amidst the serious pursuit of scientific inquiry.

Ultimately, our study contributes a novel dimension to the emerging field of environmental influences on online search behavior, underscoring the need to delve further into the entwined realms of human culture and environmental parameters. The unexpected "Snoop-rises" uncovered in our research invite a lighthearted yet profound contemplation of the unseen forces shaping our digital explorations, reminding us that amidst the rigor of empirical analysis, a touch of whimsy and unexpected humor can illuminate the paths of scientific discovery. As we navigate the uncharted territory of this peculiar relationship, we are reminded that in the pursuit of knowledge, embracing the unexpected can lead to discoveries that are both intellectually stimulating and "paws-itively" delightful.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'snoop dog'. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study examines the intriguing correlation between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of online searches for the iconic rapper "Snoop Dogg" using Google Trends data. Venturing into uncharted territory, our research team delved into the depths of two seemingly unrelated phenomena to uncover a surprising link. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning from 2004 to 2023.

It was discovered that there exists a remarkably strong correlation between levels of air pollution in Buffalo and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', with a correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01. The correlation persisted over the entire period studied, sparking curiosity within the research team and providing ample material for office-based "air-raising" puns.

The implications of this finding are far-reaching and open doors to a realm of speculation, leaving us pondering the potential reasons behind this peculiar association. Could it be that the smoggy skies of Buffalo evoke a yearning for the smooth tunes of Snoop Dogg, prompting individuals to turn to the internet in search of musical solace? Or perhaps there is an intricate web of sociocultural factors at play, intertwining the city's pollution levels with the evocative allure of the rapper's music.

In conclusion, our research sheds light on an unexpected relationship, offering a playful reminder that even in the realm of scientific inquiry, humorous connections may abound. This study serves as a testament to the unforeseen avenues of correlation that await exploration, as we continue to unravel the intricate tapestry of human behavior and environmental influence.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The pursuit of knowledge often leads researchers down unexpected paths, and our study is no exception. In the quest to decipher the mysteries of human behavior and environmental influences, we stumbled upon a correlation that could be described as "Snoop-erficial" at first glance, but turned out to be surprisingly robust. Our investigation delves into the unlikely link between air pollution in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for the renowned rapper, Snoop Dogg. As we embarked on this exploration, we couldn't help but wonder: is there something in the air that triggers an irresistible urge to search for Snoop, or is the connection merely a statistical fluke blowing in with the wind?
The endeavor began with a deep inhalation of the literature, where we found little to no precedent for such an endeavor. Nevertheless, armed with data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we sought to exhume any buried association between these ostensibly unrelated variables. As we sifted through the statistical fog, we were filled with a sense of curiosity akin to a child embarking on an Easter egg hunt - albeit with data points instead of pastel-colored eggs. This curiosity led us to unearth a correlation so clear, it was as if Snoop Dogg himself had left us a trail of "clues."
It is well-established that air pollution can have significant impacts on public health and environmental quality, but its potential to influence internet search behavior had eluded the scientific community until now. Our findings, characterized by an astonishingly high correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01, may prompt some to exclaim, "That's smog-nificant!" The statistical significance of our results is not lost on us, and we tread cautiously, making sure not to inhale any misplaced confounding variables along the way.
Gazing upon the data, we were greeted with a relationship so intriguing that it almost seemed to beckon us to further exploration. Like a tantalizing melody heard in the distance, the correlation between air pollution in Buffalo and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' seemed to whisper, "drop it like it's hot, but don't forget to control for other factors." Despite the initial surprise, our study amplifies the notion that scientific inquiry can be a playground for unexpected discoveries and, dare we say, a source of "Snoop-rises" that keep the research journey entertaining.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis conducted revealed a notable correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', indicating a strong positive association between the two variables. This finding suggests that as air pollution levels increased, there was a corresponding surge in Google searches for the iconic rapper. The results brought a breath of fresh air to the research team, who had braced themselves for a more tenuous connection.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.7178748 indicated that approximately 71.8% of the variability in Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg' could be explained by fluctuations in air pollution levels in Buffalo. This result pointed to a substantial degree of relationship between the variables, prompting the team to exclaim, "air's to hoping this isn't just a statistical fluke!"
Furthermore, the p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation was unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. The research team breathed a collective sigh of relief, realizing that the association between air pollution and Snoop Dogg searches was, in fact, a 'paw-sitively' significant discovery.
In supporting the quantitative findings, a scatterplot (Fig. 1) was constructed to visually depict the relationship between air pollution levels and Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. The scatterplot revealed a clear, upward trend, akin to a wave of enthusiasm for Snoop Dogg rising alongside the atmospheric pollution levels. This visual representation served as a fitting companion to the numerical results, offering a succinct portrayal of the "smoke and Snoop" phenomenon.
The unexpected connection unearthed in this study prompts a reevaluation of the potential influences of environmental conditions on online search behavior, providing a humorous reminder that even in the realm of serious scientific inquiry, "Snoop-ing" around can lead to unexpected, yet intriguing findings.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has provided compelling evidence of the unexpected relationship between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg'. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01 have left us with quite the "snooprising" finding. It seems that when it comes to searching for Snoop Dogg, the lyrics hold true - "Lay back, with my mind on my data and my data on my mind."

The implications of this study extend beyond the realms of air quality and online search behavior, offering a playful reminder that statistical analysis can unveil "Snoop-natural" connections that go beyond traditional expectations. While we cannot definitively explain the precise mechanisms underlying this association, we hypothesize that perhaps the haze of air pollution in Buffalo serves as a metaphorical "smoke signal", beckoning individuals to seek the lyrical solace of Snoop Dogg's music.

As we wrap up this chapter of the playful pursuit of statistical serendipity, we believe it is time to assert that no more research is needed in this area. The evidence before us stands as solid as Snoop's rhymes, and further inquiry would only dilute the simplicity of this delightfully unexpected correlation. So, as we conclude this "Snoop-er" trove of analysis, let us remember that even in the world of academia, a good pun can be the "paws" that refreshes.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Quirky Environmental Sociology

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Air Quality and Internet Search Behavior

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog' with an abstract of This study examines the intriguing correlation between air pollution levels in Buffalo, New York, and the frequency of online searches for the iconic rapper "Snoop Dogg" using Google Trends data. Venturing into uncharted territory, our research team delved into the depths of two seemingly unrelated phenomena to uncover a surprising link. Utilizing data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Google Trends, we conducted a comprehensive analysis spanning from 2004 to 2023.
It was discovered that there exists a remarkably strong correlation between levels of air pollution in Buffalo and the frequency of Google searches for 'Snoop Dogg', with a correlation coefficient of 0.8472749 and a p-value of less than 0.01. The correlation persisted over the entire period studied, sparking curiosity within the research team and providing ample material for office-based "air-raising" puns.
The implications of this finding are far-reaching and open doors to a realm of speculation, leaving us pondering the potential reasons behind this peculiar association. Could it be that the smoggy skies of Buffalo evoke a yearning for the smooth tunes of Snoop Dogg, prompting individuals to turn to the internet in search of musical solace? Or perhaps there is an intricate web of sociocultural factors at play, intertwining the city's pollution levels with the evocative allure of the rapper's music.
In conclusion, our research sheds light on an unexpected relationship, offering a playful reminder that even in the realm of scientific inquiry, humorous connections may abound. This study serves as a testament to the unforeseen avenues of correlation that await exploration, as we continue to unravel the intricate tapestry of human behavior and environmental influence.

ChatGPT:

air pollution Buffalo New York, Snoop Dogg Google searches correlation, Environmental Protection Agency data, Google Trends analysis, correlation coefficient, sociocultural factors, pollution levels and music preference, environmental influence on human behavior

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air pollution in Buffalo
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Buffalo

Google searches for 'snoop dog'
Detailed data title: Relative volume of Google searches for 'snoop dog' (Worldwide, without quotes)
Source: Google Trends
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Relative search volume (not absolute numbers)

See what else correlates with Google searches for 'snoop dog'

Correlation r = 0.8472749 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7178748 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 71.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Google searches for 'snoop dog') is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Buffalo) over the 20 years from 2004 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.4E-6.^Show 0.0000024324310947905428000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 0.00024% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 411,111 random variables^Note You don't actually need 411 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.65, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Air pollution in Buffalo (Bad air quality days)	4.91803	10.411	4.10959	9.31507	2.73224	0.821918	2.46575	1.91781	3.82514	1.09589	0.273973	1.09589	1.63934	0.273973	0.821918	0	0.546448	0.547945	0.547945	2.9304
Google searches for 'snoop dog' (Rel. search volume)	50.8333	67.9167	40.5833	38.5	32.9167	24.3333	21.25	24.6667	17.75	13.5833	17.5	17.9167	15.25	11.25	9.41667	8.91667	9.41667	8.75	13.3333	10.4444

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([4.91803,10.411,4.10959,9.31507,2.73224,0.821918,2.46575,1.91781,3.82514,1.09589,0.273973,1.09589,1.63934,0.273973,0.821918,0,0.546448,0.547945,0.547945,2.9304,])
array_2 = np.array([50.8333,67.9167,40.5833,38.5,32.9167,24.3333,21.25,24.6667,17.75,13.5833,17.5,17.9167,15.25,11.25,9.41667,8.91667,9.41667,8.75,13.3333,10.4444,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Buffalo"
array_2_name = "Google searches for 'snoop dog'"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air pollution in Buffalo
Line chart for only Google searches for 'snoop dog'
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: From Smoke to Snoops: Exploring the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Buffalo and Google Searches for 'Snoop Dog'

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Correlation ID: 3635 · Black Variable ID: 20391 · Red Variable ID: 1526


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