Spurious correlation #3,553 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the second variable is Jet fuel used in Iceland. The chart goes from 2003 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the second variable is Jet fuel used in Iceland. The chart goes from 2003 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania decreased, there was a corresponding decline in demand for intricate, hand-painted aircraft designs. This led to a surplus of unused jet fuel in Iceland, as the planes no longer required as many coats of artistic paint to fly smoothly through the sky. In other words, it seems like the art of flying lost its touch in Pennsylvania, but at least now the skies above Iceland are less fashionably late!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of an oversized canvas with a humorous depiction of a jet aircraft being filled up with jet fuel, while canvases and sculptures fill a bustling Pennsylvania art studio. The scene should have a comical and imaginative style that you would see on Reddit, with a touch of surrealism. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and Jet fuel used in Iceland. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Surrealism Low poly a funny image you would see on reddit A scene from Skyrim Cute 2D animation
ChatGPT: A funny image you would see on Reddit

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and Jet fuel used in Iceland, in the following situation: Because as fine artists increased in Pennsylvania, the demand for avant-garde Icelandic art also rose, leading to more frequent flights from Pennsylvania to Iceland, thus increasing jet fuel usage.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling Pennsylvania art studio, the number of fine artists steadily increases, with canvases and sculptures filling the space. Meanwhile, at an airport in Iceland, a plane is being fueled up with jet fuel before taking off for Pennsylvania. The fuel gauge ticks up as the demand for avant-garde Icelandic art leads to more frequent flights, reflecting the increased jet fuel usage.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A funny image you would see on Reddit ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling Pennsylvania art studio, the number of fine artists steadily increases, with canvases and sculptures filling the space. Meanwhile, at an airport in Iceland, a plane is being fueled up with jet fuel before taking off for Pennsylvania. The fuel gauge ticks up as the demand for avant-garde Icelandic art leads to more frequent flights, reflecting the increased jet fuel usage. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of an oversized canvas with a humorous depiction of a jet aircraft being filled up with jet fuel, while canvases and sculptures fill a bustling Pennsylvania art studio. The scene should have a comical and imaginative style that you would see on Reddit, with a touch of surrealism.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania caused Jet fuel used in Iceland to decrease. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection

The Journal of Quirky Connections in Geography and Artistic Expression

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and Jet fuel used in Iceland. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the seemingly unrelated realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland, aiming to decipher the mystery behind their potential correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration spanning the years 2003 to 2020, our research team delved into this enigma, ultimately revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01.

Through rigorous analysis, we systematically uncovered the unexpected relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland, shedding light on a seemingly bizarre association. Our findings not only provide a fascinating insight into these two seemingly disparate domains but also prompt a reevaluation of how we perceive interconnectedness in the most peculiar of places.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
The world of academic research often leads us down unexpected paths, where the conventional wisdom is challenged, and the seemingly unrelated becomes intertwined. In this paper, we embark on a peculiar journey into the realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and the consumption of jet fuel in Iceland. At first glance, these two subjects appear as contrasting as a Monet painting and a Boeing 747, yet our investigation has unearthed a surprising correlation between them. With the meticulous analysis of comprehensive datasets from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, we have endeavored to unravel the enigma surrounding the unlikely connection between these seemingly disparate domains.
While it may appear as though fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland have as much in common as a canvas and a turbine engine, our rigorous examination of the data has yielded unexpected results. A correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a p-value of less than 0.01 have emerged from our analysis, providing compelling evidence of a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated factors. The significance of these findings extends beyond mere statistical curiosity, leading us to question the conventional boundaries of association and triggering a paradigm shift in our understanding of interconnectedness.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, it is imperative to acknowledge the divergence from traditional research paths that has brought us to this unusual intersection of fine arts and jet fuel. Yet, it is precisely this departure from the norm that has allowed us to unveil an intriguing correlation that has eluded conventional wisdom. While the marriage of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland may seem as peculiar as a surrealist masterpiece, our findings compel us to embrace the unexpected and challenge preconceived notions.
In the following sections, we will meticulously document the methods employed, present our comprehensive analysis, and elucidate the implications of our findings. As we navigate this unconventional terrain of research, let us approach the correlation between fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland with an open mind, prepared to embrace the unexpected and perhaps uncover the art of interconnectedness in the unlikeliest of places.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The intersection of fine arts and jet fuel consumption may initially appear as incongruous as a pianist at a NASCAR race, yet an exploration of the literature reveals unexpected threads connecting these seemingly disparate realms.

Smith et al. (2015) conducted a comprehensive study on the economic impact of fine artists in Pennsylvania, elucidating the intricate network of artistic endeavors within the state. Their findings underscore the diverse and vibrant landscape of the arts in Pennsylvania, shedding light on the nuances of art production and consumption in the region. While their work primarily focuses on the economic ramifications of the arts, it inadvertently provides a glimpse into the cultural fabric that intertwines with seemingly unrelated phenomena.

Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the complexities of jet fuel consumption patterns, offering a meticulous analysis of energy usage in various global regions. Their research, while ostensibly centered on energy economics, paints a broader picture of interconnected resource utilization and distribution. The intricate web of energy consumption, when scrutinized through a multidisciplinary lens, can offer intriguing insights into unexpected correlations that transcend traditional boundaries.

As we venture further into the labyrinth of literature, it becomes evident that the connection between fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland may extend beyond straightforward economic or energy-based analyses. This uncanny correlation beckons us to consider unconventional perspectives and approach this perplexing phenomenon with a blend of skepticism and open-mindedness.

In "Art: A New History" by Paul Johnson and "Jet Fuel: An Unlikely Odyssey" by Amelia Earhart (not *that* Amelia Earhart, unfortunately), the authors provide compelling narratives that, while not directly addressing the fine art-jet fuel nexus, imbue readers with a newfound appreciation for the unexpected connections that permeate our world. Sometimes, the unlikeliest of pairings can lead to an enchanting waltz of interrelatedness.

On a slightly more fictional note, the infamous "Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown and "Inferno" by the same author may not directly relate to fine arts or jet fuel, but they do involve plenty of mysteries, puzzles, and unexpected twists - just like the curious correlation we seek to unravel.

In the spirit of unearthing unconventional linkages, we also delved into the depths of television, where shows like "Art Attack" and "Ice Road Truckers" beckoned with the promise of uncovering the elusive bond between creativity and energy. While the intellectual merit of these pursuits may be questionable, the quest for understanding often leads us to unexpected places - much like our scholarly exploration into the interplay between fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and Jet fuel used in Iceland. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 2003 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the seemingly unrelated realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland, aiming to decipher the mystery behind their potential correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration spanning the years 2003 to 2020, our research team delved into this enigma, ultimately revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01.

Through rigorous analysis, we systematically uncovered the unexpected relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland, shedding light on a seemingly bizarre association. Our findings not only provide a fascinating insight into these two seemingly disparate domains but also prompt a reevaluation of how we perceive interconnectedness in the most peculiar of places.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
The world of academic research often leads us down unexpected paths, where the conventional wisdom is challenged, and the seemingly unrelated becomes intertwined. In this paper, we embark on a peculiar journey into the realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and the consumption of jet fuel in Iceland. At first glance, these two subjects appear as contrasting as a Monet painting and a Boeing 747, yet our investigation has unearthed a surprising correlation between them. With the meticulous analysis of comprehensive datasets from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, we have endeavored to unravel the enigma surrounding the unlikely connection between these seemingly disparate domains.
While it may appear as though fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland have as much in common as a canvas and a turbine engine, our rigorous examination of the data has yielded unexpected results. A correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a p-value of less than 0.01 have emerged from our analysis, providing compelling evidence of a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated factors. The significance of these findings extends beyond mere statistical curiosity, leading us to question the conventional boundaries of association and triggering a paradigm shift in our understanding of interconnectedness.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, it is imperative to acknowledge the divergence from traditional research paths that has brought us to this unusual intersection of fine arts and jet fuel. Yet, it is precisely this departure from the norm that has allowed us to unveil an intriguing correlation that has eluded conventional wisdom. While the marriage of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland may seem as peculiar as a surrealist masterpiece, our findings compel us to embrace the unexpected and challenge preconceived notions.
In the following sections, we will meticulously document the methods employed, present our comprehensive analysis, and elucidate the implications of our findings. As we navigate this unconventional terrain of research, let us approach the correlation between fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland with an open mind, prepared to embrace the unexpected and perhaps uncover the art of interconnectedness in the unlikeliest of places.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection
The data utilized in this study were gathered from a variety of sources, ranging from the Bureau of Labor Statistics to the Energy Information Administration. We scoured the depths of the internet (with the occasional pause for cat videos and memes, of course) to meticulously compile information spanning the years 2003 to 2020. Our research team navigated the digital landscape like intrepid adventurers, braving the treacherous paths of online databases and statistical repositories to unearth the raw material for our investigation. Much like Indiana Jones on a quest for ancient artifacts, we embarked on a virtual expedition to acquire the elusive data necessary for our study.

Fine Artist Metrics
To quantify the presence of fine artists in Pennsylvania, we tactfully maneuvered through the labyrinth of labor statistics, carefully extracting figures replete with artisanal flair. This process entailed discerning the number of individuals engaged in the fine arts professions, including painters, sculptors, and multi-media artists, while maintaining a scholarly appreciation for the nuance and creativity inherent in their craft. Like connoisseurs of a fine Bordeaux, we savored each statistical nugget, cognizant of the artistry that lay behind these numerical representations.

Jet Fuel Consumption
Parallel to our pursuit of fine art metrics, the assessment of jet fuel consumption in Iceland demanded a different set of analytical tools. Embracing the spirit of audacious inquiry, we delved into the voluminous archives of the Energy Information Administration, navigating through the murky depths of fuel consumption data with the determination of a mariner on uncharted seas. Maneuvering through the deluge of energy statistics, we extracted the essential jet fuel usage statistics from the Scandinavian island nation, all the while contemplating the juxtaposition of glaciers and gaseous byproducts. Our resilience rivaled that of the hardy Icelandic populace, unearthing the precise fuel consumption figures with the tenacity of explorers amidst Arctic terrain.

Statistical Analysis
The culmination of our intrepid data collection efforts led to the application of robust statistical analyses, where we rigorously examined the relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the consumption of jet fuel in Iceland. Armed with the formidable tools of correlation coefficients and p-values, we navigated the treacherous waters of inferential statistics with the steely resolve of statistical buccaneers. Our aim was to unveil the hidden threads connecting these seemingly disparate phenomena, much like detectives deciphering cryptic clues in a captivating mystery novel. As we conducted our analyses, the air crackled with anticipation, much like the charged atmosphere of a whodunit unraveling in the dimly lit corridors of academia.

In corroboration with the restrictions of reality, we employed methodologies consistent with established statistical principles. However, much like expert chefs infusing their creations with a subtle zest, we incorporated a hint of scholarly audacity into our statistical recipe. Adhering to the time-honored principles of scientific inquiry, we meticulously conducted regression analyses, t-tests, and a hodgepodge of statistical wizardry to plumb the depths of this peculiar correlation.

In conclusion, our research team embarked on a quixotic adventure, weaving through the vicissitudes of data collection and statistical analysis to unearth the underlying association between fine artists in Pennsylvania and the consumption of jet fuel in Iceland. Like alchemists in pursuit of hidden truths, we endeavored to decode this enigmatic correlation, embracing the unexpected and reveling in the art of scholarly exploration.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and Jet fuel used in Iceland. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the seemingly unrelated realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland, aiming to decipher the mystery behind their potential correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration spanning the years 2003 to 2020, our research team delved into this enigma, ultimately revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01.

Through rigorous analysis, we systematically uncovered the unexpected relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland, shedding light on a seemingly bizarre association. Our findings not only provide a fascinating insight into these two seemingly disparate domains but also prompt a reevaluation of how we perceive interconnectedness in the most peculiar of places.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The intersection of fine arts and jet fuel consumption may initially appear as incongruous as a pianist at a NASCAR race, yet an exploration of the literature reveals unexpected threads connecting these seemingly disparate realms.
Smith et al. (2015) conducted a comprehensive study on the economic impact of fine artists in Pennsylvania, elucidating the intricate network of artistic endeavors within the state. Their findings underscore the diverse and vibrant landscape of the arts in Pennsylvania, shedding light on the nuances of art production and consumption in the region. While their work primarily focuses on the economic ramifications of the arts, it inadvertently provides a glimpse into the cultural fabric that intertwines with seemingly unrelated phenomena.
Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the complexities of jet fuel consumption patterns, offering a meticulous analysis of energy usage in various global regions. Their research, while ostensibly centered on energy economics, paints a broader picture of interconnected resource utilization and distribution. The intricate web of energy consumption, when scrutinized through a multidisciplinary lens, can offer intriguing insights into unexpected correlations that transcend traditional boundaries.
As we venture further into the labyrinth of literature, it becomes evident that the connection between fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland may extend beyond straightforward economic or energy-based analyses. This uncanny correlation beckons us to consider unconventional perspectives and approach this perplexing phenomenon with a blend of skepticism and open-mindedness.
In "Art: A New History" by Paul Johnson and "Jet Fuel: An Unlikely Odyssey" by Amelia Earhart (not *that* Amelia Earhart, unfortunately), the authors provide compelling narratives that, while not directly addressing the fine art-jet fuel nexus, imbue readers with a newfound appreciation for the unexpected connections that permeate our world. Sometimes, the unlikeliest of pairings can lead to an enchanting waltz of interrelatedness.
On a slightly more fictional note, the infamous "Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown and "Inferno" by the same author may not directly relate to fine arts or jet fuel, but they do involve plenty of mysteries, puzzles, and unexpected twists - just like the curious correlation we seek to unravel.
In the spirit of unearthing unconventional linkages, we also delved into the depths of television, where shows like "Art Attack" and "Ice Road Truckers" beckoned with the promise of uncovering the elusive bond between creativity and energy. While the intellectual merit of these pursuits may be questionable, the quest for understanding often leads us to unexpected places - much like our scholarly exploration into the interplay between fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland from 2003 to 2020. The corresponding r-squared value of 0.4382688 indicates that approximately 43.83% of the variability in jet fuel consumption in Iceland can be explained by the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania. It is worth noting that the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates the statistical significance of this correlation, further reinforcing the robustness of our findings.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot depicting the strong correlation between the two variables, visually encapsulating the unexpected relationship that our analysis has brought to light. While some may view this association as surprising as finding a paintbrush in an airport or a jet engine in an art studio, our research underscores the interconnectedness that transcends conventional boundaries.
The strength of the correlation prompts us to reconsider the conventional dichotomy between the world of fine arts and the domain of aviation fuel. Perhaps there is an artistic expression in the graceful movement of airplanes or a hidden fuel-like inspiration in the brushstrokes of artists. Our findings lead us to question the traditional compartmentalization of seemingly unrelated fields, encouraging a broader perspective and a deeper exploration of the unlikely connections that exist in our complex world. We dare to venture beyond the confines of conventional wisdom and embrace the unexpected harmony between fine arts and jet fuel, adding a splash of color to the typically monochromatic realm of statistical analysis.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has unraveled a surprising relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland, shedding light on an unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate realms. These findings align with prior research that has hinted at the tangled web of interconnectedness in the most curious of places.

As we reflect on the findings, it becomes apparent that the connection between fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland may indeed transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries and prompt a reevaluation of our understanding of correlations. The strength of the correlation coefficient, as well as the statistically significant p-value, underscores the robustness of this unexpected association, challenging conventional perceptions of seemingly unrelated phenomena.

Our results echo the work of Smith et al. (2015) and Doe and Jones (2018), who, albeit unintentionally, provided glimpses into the unexpected interconnectedness between the arts and energy consumption. While our correlation coefficient may seem as unlikely as a surrealist painting at a fuel depot, it underscores the intricate tapestry of interrelations within our world, inviting us to embrace a multidisciplinary approach to understanding complex phenomena.

The correlation between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland prompts us to consider unorthodox perspectives and approaches, akin to the explorations undertaken by the characters in "The Da Vinci Code" and "Inferno." Just as these narratives unfurl unexpected connections, our research sheds light on a correlation that transcends conventional expectations, beckoning us to delve deeper into the enigmatic interplay between seemingly unrelated domains.

The substantial r-squared value suggests that a significant proportion of the variability in jet fuel consumption in Iceland can be elucidated by the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania, inviting us to reimagine the conventional boundaries that demarcate the worlds of artistic expression and energy utilization. While the unexpected outcome of our analysis may initially appear as unlikely as a reality TV show on the artistry of aviation fuel, it compels us to embrace the serendipitous interfusion of unexpected correlations.

In conclusion, our study not only unveils a surprisingly robust correlation between fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland but also advocates for a broader perspective on interconnectedness in seemingly unrelated domains. Our findings prompt a reevaluation of conventional disciplinary boundaries and invite scholars to embrace the unexpected harmonies that underpin our complex world.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and Jet fuel used in Iceland. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the seemingly unrelated realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland, aiming to decipher the mystery behind their potential correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration spanning the years 2003 to 2020, our research team delved into this enigma, ultimately revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01.

Through rigorous analysis, we systematically uncovered the unexpected relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland, shedding light on a seemingly bizarre association. Our findings not only provide a fascinating insight into these two seemingly disparate domains but also prompt a reevaluation of how we perceive interconnectedness in the most peculiar of places.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Introduction
The world of academic research often leads us down unexpected paths, where the conventional wisdom is challenged, and the seemingly unrelated becomes intertwined. In this paper, we embark on a peculiar journey into the realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and the consumption of jet fuel in Iceland. At first glance, these two subjects appear as contrasting as a Monet painting and a Boeing 747, yet our investigation has unearthed a surprising correlation between them. With the meticulous analysis of comprehensive datasets from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration, we have endeavored to unravel the enigma surrounding the unlikely connection between these seemingly disparate domains.
While it may appear as though fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland have as much in common as a canvas and a turbine engine, our rigorous examination of the data has yielded unexpected results. A correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a p-value of less than 0.01 have emerged from our analysis, providing compelling evidence of a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated factors. The significance of these findings extends beyond mere statistical curiosity, leading us to question the conventional boundaries of association and triggering a paradigm shift in our understanding of interconnectedness.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, it is imperative to acknowledge the divergence from traditional research paths that has brought us to this unusual intersection of fine arts and jet fuel. Yet, it is precisely this departure from the norm that has allowed us to unveil an intriguing correlation that has eluded conventional wisdom. While the marriage of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland may seem as peculiar as a surrealist masterpiece, our findings compel us to embrace the unexpected and challenge preconceived notions.
In the following sections, we will meticulously document the methods employed, present our comprehensive analysis, and elucidate the implications of our findings. As we navigate this unconventional terrain of research, let us approach the correlation between fine artists in Pennsylvania and jet fuel in Iceland with an open mind, prepared to embrace the unexpected and perhaps uncover the art of interconnectedness in the unlikeliest of places.

[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland from 2003 to 2020. The corresponding r-squared value of 0.4382688 indicates that approximately 43.83% of the variability in jet fuel consumption in Iceland can be explained by the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania. It is worth noting that the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates the statistical significance of this correlation, further reinforcing the robustness of our findings.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot depicting the strong correlation between the two variables, visually encapsulating the unexpected relationship that our analysis has brought to light. While some may view this association as surprising as finding a paintbrush in an airport or a jet engine in an art studio, our research underscores the interconnectedness that transcends conventional boundaries.
The strength of the correlation prompts us to reconsider the conventional dichotomy between the world of fine arts and the domain of aviation fuel. Perhaps there is an artistic expression in the graceful movement of airplanes or a hidden fuel-like inspiration in the brushstrokes of artists. Our findings lead us to question the traditional compartmentalization of seemingly unrelated fields, encouraging a broader perspective and a deeper exploration of the unlikely connections that exist in our complex world. We dare to venture beyond the confines of conventional wisdom and embrace the unexpected harmony between fine arts and jet fuel, adding a splash of color to the typically monochromatic realm of statistical analysis.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the consumption of jet fuel in Iceland has illuminated an unexpected correlation that defies traditional expectations. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and the statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 have firmly established the unorthodox association between these seemingly disparate domains. While the average person might find this correlation as bewildering as finding a paintbrush in a hangar or a jet engine in an art gallery, our rigorous analysis has provided compelling evidence of the interconnectedness that transcends conventional boundaries.

The implications of our findings extend beyond the realm of statistical analysis, prompting a paradigm shift in the perception of seemingly unrelated fields. It challenges the traditional compartmentalization of disciplines, urging us to reimagine the potential intersections and interplays that exist between diverse domains. Just as a palette of colors combines to create an exquisite masterpiece, the variables of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland intersect in an intricate dance that defies conventional expectations.

Our research opens the door to an array of intriguing questions that beckon further exploration. How does the creative expression of artists resonate with the aviation industry? Can the soaring movement of airplanes inspire artistic innovation? These questions add a layer of depth to the unexpected correlation we have unearthed, encouraging a broader exploration of the intertwining influences between the arts and technological domains.

In light of these compelling findings, it is clear that no further research in this area is needed. We have boldly ventured into uncharted territory, defying expectations and shedding light on the unanticipated harmony between fine arts and jet fuel. The peculiar connection we have revealed serves as a testament to the unpredictability and richness of the interconnected world around us, proving that even the most unlikely pairings can intertwine in remarkable ways.

In the words of Leonardo da Vinci, "Art is never finished, only abandoned." And with that, we bid adieu to this unlikely union of fine arts and jet fuel, confident in the revelation of their harmonious dance and in the notion that even the most unexpected correlations can paint a colorful picture of interconnectedness in our world.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Quirky Connections in Geography and Artistic Expression

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Interdisciplinary Art and Ecology

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection with an abstract of This paper explores the seemingly unrelated realms of fine arts in Pennsylvania and jet fuel consumption in Iceland, aiming to decipher the mystery behind their potential correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Energy Information Administration spanning the years 2003 to 2020, our research team delved into this enigma, ultimately revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.6620187 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01.
Through rigorous analysis, we systematically uncovered the unexpected relationship between the number of fine artists in Pennsylvania and the amount of jet fuel used in Iceland, shedding light on a seemingly bizarre association. Our findings not only provide a fascinating insight into these two seemingly disparate domains but also prompt a reevaluation of how we perceive interconnectedness in the most peculiar of places.

ChatGPT:

fine artists, Pennsylvania, jet fuel consumption, Iceland, correlation, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Energy Information Administration, data analysis, correlation coefficient, p-value, statistically significant, interconnectedness

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators in Pennsylvania
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania

Jet fuel used in Iceland
Detailed data title: Volume of jet fuel used consumed in Iceland in millions of barrels per day
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Jet fuel used in Iceland

Correlation r = 0.6620187 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.4382688 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 43.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Jet fuel used in Iceland) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania) over the 18 years from 2003 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0028.^Show 0.0027629483942929254000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.66 in 0.28% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 362 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 17 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 17 because we have two variables measured over a period of 18 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.28, 0.86 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania (Laborers)	400	380	360	280	260	220	250	210	240	300	320	310	270	330	370	1350	360	100
Jet fuel used in Iceland (Million Barrels/Day)	2.28493	2.60656	2.93425	3.90959	3.62192	3.10383	2.50411	2.74795	3.08493	3.14208	3.53973	4.07671	4.75069	6.40437	8	8.96438	6.72877	1.87159

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([400,380,360,280,260,220,250,210,240,300,320,310,270,330,370,1350,360,100,])
array_2 = np.array([2.28493,2.60656,2.93425,3.90959,3.62192,3.10383,2.50411,2.74795,3.08493,3.14208,3.53973,4.07671,4.75069,6.40437,8,8.96438,6.72877,1.87159,])
array_1_name = "The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania"
array_2_name = "Jet fuel used in Iceland"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
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Line chart for only The number of fine artists in Pennsylvania
Line chart for only Jet fuel used in Iceland
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Fine Artists in Pennsylvania and Jet Fuel in Iceland: An Unlikely Connection

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Correlation ID: 3553 · Black Variable ID: 13633 · Red Variable ID: 24532


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