Spurious correlation #3,320 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Cooper and the second variable is Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Cooper and the second variable is Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

Perhaps it's because everyone just couldn't get enough of that 'Coop'-er charm, leading to a surge in positive energy. It's as if the name itself has a 'reservoir' of likability, creating a 'well' of support that's 'fueling' the stock price. Who knew a simple name could have such 'oil'some influence?

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that portrays a scene from a Disney movie with a peaceful Canadian town setting. An idyllic scene is depicted, where young children joyfully play near a grand old maple tree, surrounded by parents engaged in conversation. In the background, a bustling industrial complex emits soft plumes of white smoke. The stock market ticker boldly displays the rising value of Canadian Natural Resources' stock (CNQ), as parents discuss the potential career opportunities within the natural resources industry. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Cyberpunk Photorealism Cutsy art illustration Cutsy graphics An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ), in the following situation: As the popularity of the name Cooper rose, more parents subconsciously encouraged their children to pursue careers in natural resources, resulting in a higher demand for Canada Natural Resources stock.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a peaceful Canadian town, a gathering of young children excitedly play near a grand old maple tree, while their parents stand nearby chatting. The name Cooper is heard frequently as parents and caregivers call to children. In the distance, a bustling industrial complex is visible, emitting soft plumes of white smoke. The stock market ticker boldly displays the rising value of Canadian Natural Resources' stock (CNQ) as more and more parents discuss the potential career opportunities within the natural resources industry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: In a peaceful Canadian town, a gathering of young children excitedly play near a grand old maple tree, while their parents stand nearby chatting. The name Cooper is heard frequently as parents and caregivers call to children. In the distance, a bustling industrial complex is visible, emitting soft plumes of white smoke. The stock market ticker boldly displays the rising value of Canadian Natural Resources' stock (CNQ) as more and more parents discuss the potential career opportunities within the natural resources industry. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that portrays a scene from a Disney movie with a peaceful Canadian town setting. An idyllic scene is depicted, where young children joyfully play near a grand old maple tree, surrounded by parents engaged in conversation. In the background, a bustling industrial complex emits soft plumes of white smoke. The stock market ticker boldly displays the rising value of Canadian Natural Resources' stock (CNQ), as parents discuss the potential career opportunities within the natural resources industry.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Cooper caused Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ) to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

The Journal of Unconventional Resource Economics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). With a pun in hand and a data-driven approach, we harnessed data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to unravel this curiosity. The correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and a strikingly significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 affirm the intriguing connection between the two seemingly unrelated variables.

Just like oil and water, the correlation between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price may seem unrelated at first glance. However, our findings suggest otherwise. This unexpected link raises eyebrows and prompts further investigation into the mechanisms that underlie this unanticipated relationship. What's after Cooper? Hooper? Looper? We approach this subject with the precision of a geologist analyzing mineral deposits, and the enthusiasm of a dad telling a cheesy joke.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between individual names and financial markets has long been a subject of interest, often dismissed as mere coincidence or superstition. Nonetheless, as the saying goes, "What's in a name?" Our investigation into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ) challenges conventional wisdom and uncovers an unexpected connection that is not just a "copper"nicus of chance.
The popularity of first names has been an area of fascination for social scientists and economists alike. Studies have examined the potential impact of a name on an individual's life outcomes, from educational attainment to career success. As we delve into the realm of financial markets, the correlation between a name and stock performance may seem as unlikely as a bear market during hibernation. However, our findings suggest that there is more to this association than meets the eye. It seems the name "Cooper" isn't just making barrels, but also making waves in the stock market.
At first glance, one may assume that the popularity of a first name would have no bearing on the performance of a natural resources company's stock. However, history has taught us that seemingly unrelated variables can have unexpected connections, much like a portfolio diversified with both technology stocks and agricultural commodities. The relationship between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price challenges our preconceptions and raises intriguing questions. It's almost as surprising as finding a diamond in the rough, or in this case, a "Cooper" in the stock prices.
Our research stands at the intersection of behavioral economics, linguistics, and finance, aiming to shed light on this unusual correlation. By conducting a rigorous empirical analysis, we aim to provide insight into the underlying factors that give rise to this surprising relationship. The findings of this study have the potential to not only pique the interest of researchers and investors but also to spark a new wave of name-based financial forecasting. After all, in the world of finance, sometimes all it takes is a little "Cooper"ation to reveal unexpected patterns.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between the popularity of first names and financial markets has been a topic of interest in various social science and economic studies. In "Smith et al.," the authors find that individuals with uniquely spelled names experience different career and life outcomes. Meanwhile, "Doe and Jones" highlight the influence of names on perceptions and behaviors in interpersonal interactions.

The impact of a name on stock prices, however, has been relatively unexplored until recent years. The work of "Book" examines the psychological effects of brand names on consumer behavior, shedding light on the potential influence of names in the business world. Furthermore, "Another Book" delves into the subconscious associations evoked by names and their impact on decision-making processes.

Transitioning from non-fiction to fiction, the likes of "The Copper Crown" by Patricia Kennealy-Morrison and "The Natural" by Bernard Malamud touch upon themes related to natural resources and commodities. While these novels may not directly address the connection between the name "Cooper" and stock prices, they offer an imaginative backdrop to our investigation.

Turning to popular internet memes, the "Hide the Pain Harold" and "Distracted Boyfriend" memes serve as poignant reminders of the unexpected turns that life can take, much like the surprising link between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price. These memes, like our research findings, invite contemplation on the unpredictable nature of correlations and the humor that can ensue from unlikely connections.

In sifting through the literature and cultural references related to our investigation, we find that the intersection of names and finance has captured the attention of various disciplines, from social sciences to literature and internet culture. The unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price adds a layer of intrigue to this fascinating field of study, raising eyebrows and eliciting a chuckle along the way.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). With a pun in hand and a data-driven approach, we harnessed data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to unravel this curiosity. The correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and a strikingly significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 affirm the intriguing connection between the two seemingly unrelated variables.

Just like oil and water, the correlation between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price may seem unrelated at first glance. However, our findings suggest otherwise. This unexpected link raises eyebrows and prompts further investigation into the mechanisms that underlie this unanticipated relationship. What's after Cooper? Hooper? Looper? We approach this subject with the precision of a geologist analyzing mineral deposits, and the enthusiasm of a dad telling a cheesy joke.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between individual names and financial markets has long been a subject of interest, often dismissed as mere coincidence or superstition. Nonetheless, as the saying goes, "What's in a name?" Our investigation into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ) challenges conventional wisdom and uncovers an unexpected connection that is not just a "copper"nicus of chance.
The popularity of first names has been an area of fascination for social scientists and economists alike. Studies have examined the potential impact of a name on an individual's life outcomes, from educational attainment to career success. As we delve into the realm of financial markets, the correlation between a name and stock performance may seem as unlikely as a bear market during hibernation. However, our findings suggest that there is more to this association than meets the eye. It seems the name "Cooper" isn't just making barrels, but also making waves in the stock market.
At first glance, one may assume that the popularity of a first name would have no bearing on the performance of a natural resources company's stock. However, history has taught us that seemingly unrelated variables can have unexpected connections, much like a portfolio diversified with both technology stocks and agricultural commodities. The relationship between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price challenges our preconceptions and raises intriguing questions. It's almost as surprising as finding a diamond in the rough, or in this case, a "Cooper" in the stock prices.
Our research stands at the intersection of behavioral economics, linguistics, and finance, aiming to shed light on this unusual correlation. By conducting a rigorous empirical analysis, we aim to provide insight into the underlying factors that give rise to this surprising relationship. The findings of this study have the potential to not only pique the interest of researchers and investors but also to spark a new wave of name-based financial forecasting. After all, in the world of finance, sometimes all it takes is a little "Cooper"ation to reveal unexpected patterns.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The methodology employed in this study involved a comprehensive data collection process and rigorous statistical analysis to explore the apparent correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). The research team harnessed datasets from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to obtain the required information pertaining to the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock prices from the years 2002 to 2022.

To quantify the popularity of the first name "Cooper," the team utilized the records maintained by the US Social Security Administration, which annually publishes the frequency of first names given to newborns. These data were then analyzed to determine the relative popularity of the name "Cooper" over the study period. The LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) provided the historical stock price data for CNQ, which enabled the team to examine and compare the fluctuations in CNQ's stock price over the same time frame.

Additionally, in order to ensure robustness and reliability of the findings, advanced statistical techniques were employed. These techniques included correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and time series modeling, which facilitated the exploration of the relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price movements.

The correlation analysis provided insights into the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables, shedding light on the degree of association between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock prices. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for potential confounding variables and to identify any nuanced interplays that may influence the observed correlation.

To capture the dynamic nature of the relationship, time series modeling was employed to examine the temporal patterns and potential trends in the data. This facilitated a nuanced understanding of how changes in the popularity of the name "Cooper" may have corresponded with fluctuations in CNQ's stock price over the study period.

In conducting this complex analysis, the research team constantly reminded themselves of the importance of staying "Cooper"ative, but it seems the market had other "plans".

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8690545, r-squared of 0.7552558, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). With a pun in hand and a data-driven approach, we harnessed data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to unravel this curiosity. The correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and a strikingly significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 affirm the intriguing connection between the two seemingly unrelated variables.

Just like oil and water, the correlation between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price may seem unrelated at first glance. However, our findings suggest otherwise. This unexpected link raises eyebrows and prompts further investigation into the mechanisms that underlie this unanticipated relationship. What's after Cooper? Hooper? Looper? We approach this subject with the precision of a geologist analyzing mineral deposits, and the enthusiasm of a dad telling a cheesy joke.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The relationship between individual names and financial markets has long been a subject of interest, often dismissed as mere coincidence or superstition. Nonetheless, as the saying goes, "What's in a name?" Our investigation into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ) challenges conventional wisdom and uncovers an unexpected connection that is not just a "copper"nicus of chance.
The popularity of first names has been an area of fascination for social scientists and economists alike. Studies have examined the potential impact of a name on an individual's life outcomes, from educational attainment to career success. As we delve into the realm of financial markets, the correlation between a name and stock performance may seem as unlikely as a bear market during hibernation. However, our findings suggest that there is more to this association than meets the eye. It seems the name "Cooper" isn't just making barrels, but also making waves in the stock market.
At first glance, one may assume that the popularity of a first name would have no bearing on the performance of a natural resources company's stock. However, history has taught us that seemingly unrelated variables can have unexpected connections, much like a portfolio diversified with both technology stocks and agricultural commodities. The relationship between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price challenges our preconceptions and raises intriguing questions. It's almost as surprising as finding a diamond in the rough, or in this case, a "Cooper" in the stock prices.
Our research stands at the intersection of behavioral economics, linguistics, and finance, aiming to shed light on this unusual correlation. By conducting a rigorous empirical analysis, we aim to provide insight into the underlying factors that give rise to this surprising relationship. The findings of this study have the potential to not only pique the interest of researchers and investors but also to spark a new wave of name-based financial forecasting. After all, in the world of finance, sometimes all it takes is a little "Cooper"ation to reveal unexpected patterns.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). Over the period from 2002 to 2022, a correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 was observed, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected connection brings to mind the old adage, "It's a small world after all," a sentiment that seems particularly fitting in the context of our findings.

In addition, the coefficient of determination (R-squared) was calculated to be 0.7552558, signifying that approximately 75.53% of the variability in CNQ's stock price can be explained by the popularity of the first name "Cooper." It appears that the name "Cooper" is not just a character in literature and a manufacturer of barrels; it also appears to have an intriguing influence on the stock market.

Furthermore, the p-value obtained from the analysis was less than 0.01, indicating that the correlation observed is statistically significant. This finding implies that the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price by mere chance is exceedingly low. It's almost as unlikely as finding a rare mineral deposit in an unexpected location – a coincidence that may seem far-fetched but, evidently, is not entirely beyond the realm of possibility.

The scatterplot presented in Fig. 1 visually captures this noteworthy correlation, with the data points forming a clear, upward-trending pattern. This unexpected association between a first name and a company's stock price leaves us pondering the question: "What's in a name? Apparently, a significant impact on the financial markets!"

This unexpected linkage brings a new dimension to the saying, "All that glitters is not gold," as it appears that even the seemingly mundane may have a noteworthy influence on market dynamics.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). With a pun in hand and a data-driven approach, we harnessed data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to unravel this curiosity. The correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and a strikingly significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 affirm the intriguing connection between the two seemingly unrelated variables.

Just like oil and water, the correlation between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price may seem unrelated at first glance. However, our findings suggest otherwise. This unexpected link raises eyebrows and prompts further investigation into the mechanisms that underlie this unanticipated relationship. What's after Cooper? Hooper? Looper? We approach this subject with the precision of a geologist analyzing mineral deposits, and the enthusiasm of a dad telling a cheesy joke.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between the popularity of first names and financial markets has been a topic of interest in various social science and economic studies. In "Smith et al.," the authors find that individuals with uniquely spelled names experience different career and life outcomes. Meanwhile, "Doe and Jones" highlight the influence of names on perceptions and behaviors in interpersonal interactions.
The impact of a name on stock prices, however, has been relatively unexplored until recent years. The work of "Book" examines the psychological effects of brand names on consumer behavior, shedding light on the potential influence of names in the business world. Furthermore, "Another Book" delves into the subconscious associations evoked by names and their impact on decision-making processes.
Transitioning from non-fiction to fiction, the likes of "The Copper Crown" by Patricia Kennealy-Morrison and "The Natural" by Bernard Malamud touch upon themes related to natural resources and commodities. While these novels may not directly address the connection between the name "Cooper" and stock prices, they offer an imaginative backdrop to our investigation.
Turning to popular internet memes, the "Hide the Pain Harold" and "Distracted Boyfriend" memes serve as poignant reminders of the unexpected turns that life can take, much like the surprising link between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price. These memes, like our research findings, invite contemplation on the unpredictable nature of correlations and the humor that can ensue from unlikely connections.
In sifting through the literature and cultural references related to our investigation, we find that the intersection of names and finance has captured the attention of various disciplines, from social sciences to literature and internet culture. The unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price adds a layer of intrigue to this fascinating field of study, raising eyebrows and eliciting a chuckle along the way.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). Over the period from 2002 to 2022, a correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 was observed, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected connection brings to mind the old adage, "It's a small world after all," a sentiment that seems particularly fitting in the context of our findings.
In addition, the coefficient of determination (R-squared) was calculated to be 0.7552558, signifying that approximately 75.53% of the variability in CNQ's stock price can be explained by the popularity of the first name "Cooper." It appears that the name "Cooper" is not just a character in literature and a manufacturer of barrels; it also appears to have an intriguing influence on the stock market.
Furthermore, the p-value obtained from the analysis was less than 0.01, indicating that the correlation observed is statistically significant. This finding implies that the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price by mere chance is exceedingly low. It's almost as unlikely as finding a rare mineral deposit in an unexpected location – a coincidence that may seem far-fetched but, evidently, is not entirely beyond the realm of possibility.
The scatterplot presented in Fig. 1 visually captures this noteworthy correlation, with the data points forming a clear, upward-trending pattern. This unexpected association between a first name and a company's stock price leaves us pondering the question: "What's in a name? Apparently, a significant impact on the financial markets!"
This unexpected linkage brings a new dimension to the saying, "All that glitters is not gold," as it appears that even the seemingly mundane may have a noteworthy influence on market dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of this study provide compelling evidence of a strong and statistically significant correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). This unexpected finding not only supports prior research on the influence of names on financial markets but also adds a layer of intrigue to the relationship between seemingly unrelated variables.

The literature review highlighted the influence of names on perceptions, behaviors, and even consumer choices. While the connection between first names and stock prices may seem far-fetched, the current study's results suggest otherwise. It appears that the impact of a name extends beyond individual interactions and consumer behavior to potentially shaping market dynamics. One could say that this unexpected correlation has "Cooper-tunity" written all over it.

The strong correlation coefficient and the high coefficient of determination in this study reaffirm the robustness of the relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price. These findings echo the work of "Book" and "Another Book," shedding light on the subconscious associations evoked by names and their potential impact on decision-making processes. In a similar vein, the unexpected correlation between the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of CNQ offers a humorous yet thought-provoking twist to the literature on names and market influences. It appears that this investigation has struck a "Cooper" mine of potential research avenues.

The statistically significant p-value further strengthens the credibility of the observed correlation, suggesting that the likelihood of such a strong relationship occurring by mere chance is exceedingly low. This surprising connection challenges conventional notions of what influences market dynamics and raises the question: "What's in a name?" It seems that, in the case of CNQ's stock price, a significant impact is indeed contained within the name "Cooper." Perhaps this calls for a new stock market index, the "Cooper Correlation Composite," to track the influence of names on market trends.

In sum, the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price not only aligns with prior research on the influence of names in various domains but also prompts further exploration of the mechanisms underlying this intriguing relationship. This unexpected linkage injects a touch of humor into market dynamics and invites contemplation on the unpredictable nature of correlations. The study opens doors to new avenues of research, intertwining the realms of nomenclature and market behavior in an unexpected and captivating manner.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). With a pun in hand and a data-driven approach, we harnessed data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to unravel this curiosity. The correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and a strikingly significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 affirm the intriguing connection between the two seemingly unrelated variables.

Just like oil and water, the correlation between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price may seem unrelated at first glance. However, our findings suggest otherwise. This unexpected link raises eyebrows and prompts further investigation into the mechanisms that underlie this unanticipated relationship. What's after Cooper? Hooper? Looper? We approach this subject with the precision of a geologist analyzing mineral deposits, and the enthusiasm of a dad telling a cheesy joke.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between individual names and financial markets has long been a subject of interest, often dismissed as mere coincidence or superstition. Nonetheless, as the saying goes, "What's in a name?" Our investigation into the correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ) challenges conventional wisdom and uncovers an unexpected connection that is not just a "copper"nicus of chance.
The popularity of first names has been an area of fascination for social scientists and economists alike. Studies have examined the potential impact of a name on an individual's life outcomes, from educational attainment to career success. As we delve into the realm of financial markets, the correlation between a name and stock performance may seem as unlikely as a bear market during hibernation. However, our findings suggest that there is more to this association than meets the eye. It seems the name "Cooper" isn't just making barrels, but also making waves in the stock market.
At first glance, one may assume that the popularity of a first name would have no bearing on the performance of a natural resources company's stock. However, history has taught us that seemingly unrelated variables can have unexpected connections, much like a portfolio diversified with both technology stocks and agricultural commodities. The relationship between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price challenges our preconceptions and raises intriguing questions. It's almost as surprising as finding a diamond in the rough, or in this case, a "Cooper" in the stock prices.
Our research stands at the intersection of behavioral economics, linguistics, and finance, aiming to shed light on this unusual correlation. By conducting a rigorous empirical analysis, we aim to provide insight into the underlying factors that give rise to this surprising relationship. The findings of this study have the potential to not only pique the interest of researchers and investors but also to spark a new wave of name-based financial forecasting. After all, in the world of finance, sometimes all it takes is a little "Cooper"ation to reveal unexpected patterns.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). Over the period from 2002 to 2022, a correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 was observed, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. This unexpected connection brings to mind the old adage, "It's a small world after all," a sentiment that seems particularly fitting in the context of our findings.
In addition, the coefficient of determination (R-squared) was calculated to be 0.7552558, signifying that approximately 75.53% of the variability in CNQ's stock price can be explained by the popularity of the first name "Cooper." It appears that the name "Cooper" is not just a character in literature and a manufacturer of barrels; it also appears to have an intriguing influence on the stock market.
Furthermore, the p-value obtained from the analysis was less than 0.01, indicating that the correlation observed is statistically significant. This finding implies that the likelihood of observing such a strong relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price by mere chance is exceedingly low. It's almost as unlikely as finding a rare mineral deposit in an unexpected location – a coincidence that may seem far-fetched but, evidently, is not entirely beyond the realm of possibility.
The scatterplot presented in Fig. 1 visually captures this noteworthy correlation, with the data points forming a clear, upward-trending pattern. This unexpected association between a first name and a company's stock price leaves us pondering the question: "What's in a name? Apparently, a significant impact on the financial markets!"
This unexpected linkage brings a new dimension to the saying, "All that glitters is not gold," as it appears that even the seemingly mundane may have a noteworthy influence on market dynamics.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has illuminated a hitherto unrecognized connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and the striking statistical significance with a p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 have shed light on this unexpected relationship. It seems that "Cooper" is not just a character in literary works or a skilled craftsman but also a significant influencer of market dynamics, much like a hidden gem among the rocks.

The findings presented herein may seem as unexpected as finding a four-leaf clover, yet they prompt a reevaluation of the factors that drive stock price movements. Who would have thought that a name could have such impact – it's almost as surprising as finding a "Cooper" in a haystack.

Moreover, our research adds a new dimension to the old adage "What's in a name?" It appears that in the financial markets, a name can carry more weight than previously believed – a revelation that may prompt investors to consider adding a "Cooper"ative touch to their portfolios.

With these compelling findings, it is evident that no further research in this area is necessary. We have taken this unexpected link to its logical conclusion, and it seems that the influence of first names on the stock market is indeed a "Cooper"ative endeavor. After all, sometimes in academia, as in life, all you need is a little "Cooper"ation to uncover the unexpected. Therefore, we can confidently declare that the curious case of "Pooper Cooper and CNQ" has been satisfactorily unraveled, much like a classic dad joke – both surprising and inevitable.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Unconventional Resource Economics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Environmental Economics and Sustainable Technology (CEEST)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock with an abstract of This study delves into the unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ). With a pun in hand and a data-driven approach, we harnessed data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to unravel this curiosity. The correlation coefficient of 0.8690545 and a strikingly significant p-value of less than 0.01 from 2002 to 2022 affirm the intriguing connection between the two seemingly unrelated variables.
Just like oil and water, the correlation between the first name "Cooper" and CNQ's stock price may seem unrelated at first glance. However, our findings suggest otherwise. This unexpected link raises eyebrows and prompts further investigation into the mechanisms that underlie this unanticipated relationship. What's after Cooper? Hooper? Looper? We approach this subject with the precision of a geologist analyzing mineral deposits, and the enthusiasm of a dad telling a cheesy joke.

ChatGPT:

"Cooper" popularity, CNQ stock price, unexpected correlation, US Social Security Administration data, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, correlation coefficient, p-value, Canadian Natural Resources, stock market relationship, first name influence, data-driven approach

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Cooper
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Cooper
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Cooper

Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Canadian Natural Resources (CNQ) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ)

Correlation r = 0.8690545 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7552558 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 75.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Cooper) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.2E-7.^Show 0.0000003192196836564726500000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.87 in 3.2E-5% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 3,132,639 random variables^Note You don't actually need 3 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.7, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Popularity of the first name Cooper (Babies born)	1964	2412	3128	3461	3815	4721	5171	5147	5344	5284	5296	5004	4970	5380	5099	4713	4579	4655	4703	4799	5752
Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ) (Stock price)	2.97	3.66	6.26	10.56	24.49	25.77	36.26	20.02	36.31	44.87	37.71	29.14	33.01	29.88	21.1	32.15	35.25	23.09	32.06	24.32	42.32

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1964,2412,3128,3461,3815,4721,5171,5147,5344,5284,5296,5004,4970,5380,5099,4713,4579,4655,4703,4799,5752,])
array_2 = np.array([2.97,3.66,6.26,10.56,24.49,25.77,36.26,20.02,36.31,44.87,37.71,29.14,33.01,29.88,21.1,32.15,35.25,23.09,32.06,24.32,42.32,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Cooper"
array_2_name = "Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Cooper
Line chart for only Canadian Natural Resources' stock price (CNQ)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Pooper Cooper and CNQ: An Unexpected Link to Natural Resource's Stock

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Correlation ID: 3320 · Black Variable ID: 2706 · Red Variable ID: 1679


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