Spurious correlation #3,155 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the second variable is The number of pharmacists in Texas. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the second variable is The number of pharmacists in Texas. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the knowledge of crop cultivation and animal husbandry grew, so did the interest in creating farm-to-pharmacy solutions, leading to a higher demand for pharmacists in Texas to fulfill these agrarian medication needs.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Topic: A scene from Skyrim Instructions: Generate an image of a bustling Texas town where a university proudly awards Master's degrees in Agriculture and natural resources to a group of students, surrounded by fields of crops and green pastures. Nearby, in a pharmacy, a growing line of customers stands waiting as a team of pharmacists diligently prepares and dispenses plant-based remedies derived from the rich agricultural resources in the area. Please ensure the scene features the vast farmlands and green pastures surrounding the university, as well as the busy pharmacy, all reflecting the atmosphere of a vibrant rural town. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and The number of pharmacists in Texas. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Photorealism Parallax art Magic realism A scene from Skyrim Cubism
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and The number of pharmacists in Texas, in the following situation: Because more agricultural masterminds means more plant-based remedies, leading to an increased demand for pharmacists to prepare and dispense them in Texas.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling Texas town, a university proudly awards Master's degrees in Agriculture and natural resources to a group of students, surrounded by fields of crops and green pastures. Meanwhile, in a pharmacy nearby, a growing line of customers stands waiting as a team of pharmacists diligently prepares and dispenses plant-based remedies derived from the rich agricultural resources in the area.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling Texas town, a university proudly awards Master's degrees in Agriculture and natural resources to a group of students, surrounded by fields of crops and green pastures. Meanwhile, in a pharmacy nearby, a growing line of customers stands waiting as a team of pharmacists diligently prepares and dispenses plant-based remedies derived from the rich agricultural resources in the area. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Topic: A scene from Skyrim Instructions: Generate an image of a bustling Texas town where a university proudly awards Master's degrees in Agriculture and natural resources to a group of students, surrounded by fields of crops and green pastures. Nearby, in a pharmacy, a growing line of customers stands waiting as a team of pharmacists diligently prepares and dispenses plant-based remedies derived from the rich agricultural resources in the area. Please ensure the scene features the vast farmlands and green pastures surrounding the university, as well as the busy pharmacy, all reflecting the atmosphere of a vibrant rural town.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources caused The number of pharmacists in Texas to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors

The Journal of Sustainable Pharmacy Economics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and The number of pharmacists in Texas. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas. The study was conducted using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics spanning the years 2012 to 2021. Our findings revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9347677, with a p-value well below 0.01, indicating a significant relationship between these two seemingly unrelated factors. We explore the implications of this unexpected connection, including the potential for agricultural practices to have a direct effect on the well-being of pharmacists, and the role of natural resources in shaping the pharmaceutical landscape. The results of this research shed light on the hidden dynamics of these fields and highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas presents an unexpected and thought-provoking puzzle. At first glance, these two domains appear to have about as much in common as a cow and a pharmacy counter. However, as the saying goes, "there's no use crying over spilled milk" - or should we say, toiling over spilled grains? Nonetheless, the idiosyncrasies of the world of academia and labor markets often yield surprising connections that defy conventional wisdom.
While it may seem as odd as a farmer milking a cactus, our study aims to earnestly explore the correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables. The idea to investigate this association blossomed from the fertile soil of curiosity and has since been meticulously cultivated through rigorous data analysis and statistical inquiries. In a figurative sense, we have sown the seeds of curiosity and are now ready to reap the harvest of insight into these intertwined disciplines.
The agrarian aspect of this investigation resonates with the idea that sometimes the most bountiful yields spring from the most unexpected soil. Our research endeavors to plow through the fertile ground of data, unearth the nuances of these fields, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the underlying forces at play. Just as unexpected rain can nourish a parched field, our findings have the potential to irrigate the intellectual landscape with new perspectives and insights.
To this end, we combed through the data like a farmer scours the land for the ripest harvest, analyzing the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the flourishing community of pharmacists in Texas. Our findings unearthed a striking correlation coefficient, akin to discovering a needle in a haystack or, in this case, the proverbial pharmaceutical pill in a sprawling field of crops. Although unexpected, this discovery holds potential ramifications for our understanding of how different professional domains interact and shape one another.
In the following sections, we will delve into the implications and potential explanations for this curious association. Just as a pharmacist carefully measures out precise doses of medication, we aim to dispense a thorough examination of this unexpected correlation. Through our research, we seek to fertilize the intellectual terrain with fresh insights and cultivate a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate realms.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas has sparked considerable interest among researchers. Smith et al. (2015) explored the potential connections between agricultural education and the healthcare profession. Their study revealed preliminary evidence of a possible association, albeit with cautious interpretations. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive analysis of labor market trends in Texas, shedding light on the emergence of correlations between distinct educational fields and professional occupations.

In "Fields of Plenty" by Green Thumb (2017), the author engages in a metaphorical exploration of the similarities between cultivating agricultural knowledge and the growth of diverse professional pathways. "Agricultural Aromas: From Soil to Pharmacy" by Farm Life (2019) provides a unique perspective on the unexpected relationship between natural resources and pharmaceutical practices. These non-fiction works offer insightful angles on the intersection of agricultural education and the pharmacy landscape.

Turning to fiction, "The Pharmacist's Harvest" by Herb Alchemy (2016) and "Seeds of Medicine" by Botanical Bliss (2018) offer whimsical narratives that intertwine the realms of agriculture and pharmacy. These captivating stories draw parallels between sowing the seeds of knowledge in agriculture and reaping the fruits of healing in the pharmaceutical world. The fictitious exploration of these themes adds a layer of creativity to the discourse surrounding this unexpected correlation.

Furthermore, pop culture has also grappled with the juxtaposition of agricultural knowledge and healthcare professions. "VeggieTales" and "Bob the Builder" stand out as childhood shows that, although seemingly unrelated to the topic at hand, underscore the importance of teamwork and diverse skill sets in addressing societal needs. The animated characters in these shows inadvertently symbolize the harmonious coexistence of different fields, much like the unexpected connection between agricultural education and the pharmacy industry.

In summary, while the literature initially presents serious investigations into the link between agricultural education and the pharmacy profession, the inclusion of fictional narratives and children's shows underscores the diverse range of perspectives on this peculiar association. As we proceed with our examination, we will further explore the implications and potential explanations for this unanticipated correlation, drawing on both scholarly research and imaginative interpretations.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and The number of pharmacists in Texas. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2012 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas. The study was conducted using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics spanning the years 2012 to 2021. Our findings revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9347677, with a p-value well below 0.01, indicating a significant relationship between these two seemingly unrelated factors. We explore the implications of this unexpected connection, including the potential for agricultural practices to have a direct effect on the well-being of pharmacists, and the role of natural resources in shaping the pharmaceutical landscape. The results of this research shed light on the hidden dynamics of these fields and highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The relationship between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas presents an unexpected and thought-provoking puzzle. At first glance, these two domains appear to have about as much in common as a cow and a pharmacy counter. However, as the saying goes, "there's no use crying over spilled milk" - or should we say, toiling over spilled grains? Nonetheless, the idiosyncrasies of the world of academia and labor markets often yield surprising connections that defy conventional wisdom.
While it may seem as odd as a farmer milking a cactus, our study aims to earnestly explore the correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables. The idea to investigate this association blossomed from the fertile soil of curiosity and has since been meticulously cultivated through rigorous data analysis and statistical inquiries. In a figurative sense, we have sown the seeds of curiosity and are now ready to reap the harvest of insight into these intertwined disciplines.
The agrarian aspect of this investigation resonates with the idea that sometimes the most bountiful yields spring from the most unexpected soil. Our research endeavors to plow through the fertile ground of data, unearth the nuances of these fields, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the underlying forces at play. Just as unexpected rain can nourish a parched field, our findings have the potential to irrigate the intellectual landscape with new perspectives and insights.
To this end, we combed through the data like a farmer scours the land for the ripest harvest, analyzing the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the flourishing community of pharmacists in Texas. Our findings unearthed a striking correlation coefficient, akin to discovering a needle in a haystack or, in this case, the proverbial pharmaceutical pill in a sprawling field of crops. Although unexpected, this discovery holds potential ramifications for our understanding of how different professional domains interact and shape one another.
In the following sections, we will delve into the implications and potential explanations for this curious association. Just as a pharmacist carefully measures out precise doses of medication, we aim to dispense a thorough examination of this unexpected correlation. Through our research, we seek to fertilize the intellectual terrain with fresh insights and cultivate a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate realms.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The data for this study was gathered from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, providing a wide-ranging dataset spanning the years 2012 to 2021. The inclusion of data from this extended timeframe was intended to capture any longitudinal trends and to ensure a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas.

To analyze this seemingly incongruous but intriguing connection, a series of multivariate regressions and statistical analyses were employed. The first step in the methodology involved wrangling the disparate datasets, akin to herding cats, to ensure consistency and compatibility. Once the data had been corralled into a manageable form, various statistical techniques were utilized to discern any potential correlations between the variables of interest.

The statistical procedures included in the study comprised ordinary least squares regression, panel data analysis, and time series analysis. These techniques were selected to accommodate the complex and dynamic nature of the data, much like applying different fertilizers to different soil types. Moreover, the robustness of the statistical models was evaluated through diagnostic tests to ensure the validity of the findings. The rigorous assessment of model assumptions and specification errors was undertaken to fortify the statistical foundation of the analysis, analogous to fortifying a homestead against unforeseen challenges.

Furthermore, the examination of potential heterogeneity across geographic regions within Texas was carried out to ascertain whether the relationship between agricultural Master's degrees and pharmacist numbers varied across different locales. This analysis served as a corollary to the primary investigation and offered insights into the regional dynamics of the observed association.

In addition, various sensitivity analyses were conducted to gauge the resilience of the findings to alternative model specifications and time periods. This approach was intended to bolster the robustness of the results against the vagaries of different analytical strategies, much like fortifying a structure against the caprices of nature.

The analytical framework incorporated not only quantitative methods but also qualitative insights derived from the existing literature to contextualize the unexpected findings. This comprehensive approach allowed for a more holistic understanding of the interplay between agricultural education and the pharmaceutical workforce.

In essence, the methodology employed in this study sought to cultivate an exhaustive and rigorous investigation into the curious nexus of agricultural Master's degrees and the population of pharmacists in Texas. The multifaceted analytical approach endeavored to till the soil of data, sow the seeds of knowledge, and reap the harvest of empirical insights, shedding light on the intriguing relationship between these seemingly disparate domains.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and The number of pharmacists in Texas. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas. The study was conducted using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics spanning the years 2012 to 2021. Our findings revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9347677, with a p-value well below 0.01, indicating a significant relationship between these two seemingly unrelated factors. We explore the implications of this unexpected connection, including the potential for agricultural practices to have a direct effect on the well-being of pharmacists, and the role of natural resources in shaping the pharmaceutical landscape. The results of this research shed light on the hidden dynamics of these fields and highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas has sparked considerable interest among researchers. Smith et al. (2015) explored the potential connections between agricultural education and the healthcare profession. Their study revealed preliminary evidence of a possible association, albeit with cautious interpretations. Similarly, Doe and Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive analysis of labor market trends in Texas, shedding light on the emergence of correlations between distinct educational fields and professional occupations.
In "Fields of Plenty" by Green Thumb (2017), the author engages in a metaphorical exploration of the similarities between cultivating agricultural knowledge and the growth of diverse professional pathways. "Agricultural Aromas: From Soil to Pharmacy" by Farm Life (2019) provides a unique perspective on the unexpected relationship between natural resources and pharmaceutical practices. These non-fiction works offer insightful angles on the intersection of agricultural education and the pharmacy landscape.
Turning to fiction, "The Pharmacist's Harvest" by Herb Alchemy (2016) and "Seeds of Medicine" by Botanical Bliss (2018) offer whimsical narratives that intertwine the realms of agriculture and pharmacy. These captivating stories draw parallels between sowing the seeds of knowledge in agriculture and reaping the fruits of healing in the pharmaceutical world. The fictitious exploration of these themes adds a layer of creativity to the discourse surrounding this unexpected correlation.
Furthermore, pop culture has also grappled with the juxtaposition of agricultural knowledge and healthcare professions. "VeggieTales" and "Bob the Builder" stand out as childhood shows that, although seemingly unrelated to the topic at hand, underscore the importance of teamwork and diverse skill sets in addressing societal needs. The animated characters in these shows inadvertently symbolize the harmonious coexistence of different fields, much like the unexpected connection between agricultural education and the pharmacy industry.
In summary, while the literature initially presents serious investigations into the link between agricultural education and the pharmacy profession, the inclusion of fictional narratives and children's shows underscores the diverse range of perspectives on this peculiar association. As we proceed with our examination, we will further explore the implications and potential explanations for this unanticipated correlation, drawing on both scholarly research and imaginative interpretations.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas during the years 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9347677 indicated a highly positive linear relationship between these two variables. Such a strong correlation can prompt one to exclaim, "Holy guacamole!" - a phrase that seems particularly fitting given the agricultural context of the variables under consideration.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8737907 further confirmed that approximately 87.4% of the variability in the number of pharmacists in Texas could be explained by the variability in the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources. This finding suggests that the pursuit of advanced degrees in agricultural and natural resource fields may indeed hold a significant sway over the pharmaceutical landscape of the Lone Star State.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation was not merely a coincidental occurrence akin to finding a needle in a haystack but rather a statistically significant association. This discovery holds weighty implications for our understanding of the interplay between agricultural education and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas.
For a visual representation of the relationship between the two variables, refer to Figure 1, which displays a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation observed in our analysis. The scatterplot showcases the tightly clustered data points, akin to a bountiful harvest of evidential support for the unexpected interconnection between agriculture and pharmacy.
These results not only elucidate the surprising correlation between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas but also call for a reevaluation of the traditional boundaries between seemingly unrelated domains. The unearthing of this correlation reflects the intricate and surprising ways in which different professional spheres can intertwine, much like the intricate root systems of plants that intermingle beneath the surface, fostering unexpected connections in the intellectual soil of academia and labor markets.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The robust correlation uncovered in our analysis between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas during the years 2012 to 2021 is akin to stumbling upon a hidden treasure in the vast expanse of statistical data. This unexpected connection has propelled our understanding of the complex interplay between seemingly disparate disciplines, much like the symbiotic relationship between bees and flowers – one must pollinate the other for both to thrive.

Our results echo the cautious interpretations of Smith et al. (2015) and the comprehensive analysis by Doe and Jones (2018), supporting their initial glimpses into the potential association. The correlation coefficient of 0.9347677 stands as a testament to the strong, almost inseparable bond between the agricultural and pharmaceutical realms, validating the intuitive hunches of researchers and practitioners. It's as if the agricultural knowledge sown in the fertile fields of education has germinated into a robust harvest of pharmacists, nourishing the healthcare landscape of Texas.

While the literature review playfully ventured into metaphorical and fictitious realms, it is now evident that these seemingly lighthearted explorations were more prescient than meets the eye. The whimsical tales of "The Pharmacist's Harvest" and "Seeds of Medicine" carry a weight of wisdom, paralleling the unexpected relationship we have unearthed. Even the childhood shows "VeggieTales" and "Bob the Builder," with their seemingly unrelated themes, appear to mirror the harmony between agricultural education and healthcare professions, underscoring the importance of teamwork and diverse skill sets in addressing societal needs.

The statistical heft of our findings, with a p-value of less than 0.01, firmly anchors this previously whimsical notion into the bedrock of scientific inquiry. These results challenge conventional wisdom, reminding us that beneath the veneer of disparate disciplines lie intricate linkages that may hold the key to unlocking novel understandings and advancements.

As we pivot from the discovery of this intriguing correlation, we must tread cautiously into the uncharted territory of its implications. This unexpected alliance between the realms of agriculture and pharmacy prompts us to cultivate interdisciplinary collaborations and transdisciplinary dialogues, cultivating an intellectual soil ripe with potential for groundbreaking innovations and symbiotic advancements. While this research may seem like an odd marriage of fields, it has provided fertile ground for future investigations and the cross-pollination of knowledge across seemingly distinct domains.

In the spirit of nurturing this unforeseen connection, our findings beckon us to reap the bounty of insights that may stem from the unlikeliest of interconnections. This relationship between agricultural education and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas is a testament to the interconnectedness of human endeavors and the intricate web of influences that shape our professional landscapes – a fertile ground for future research to dig deeper and unearth the hidden connections waiting to be discovered.

Our research not only sings the chorus of the whimsical narratives and metaphorical explorations in the literature review but also adds another verse to the symphony of interdisciplinary understanding. As we venture forth, let us not shy away from the unexpected harmonies of seemingly incongruous fields but instead embrace the delightful cacophony of knowledge that emerges when unexpected correlations take root in the endless expanse of scientific inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and The number of pharmacists in Texas. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas. The study was conducted using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics spanning the years 2012 to 2021. Our findings revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9347677, with a p-value well below 0.01, indicating a significant relationship between these two seemingly unrelated factors. We explore the implications of this unexpected connection, including the potential for agricultural practices to have a direct effect on the well-being of pharmacists, and the role of natural resources in shaping the pharmaceutical landscape. The results of this research shed light on the hidden dynamics of these fields and highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The relationship between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas presents an unexpected and thought-provoking puzzle. At first glance, these two domains appear to have about as much in common as a cow and a pharmacy counter. However, as the saying goes, "there's no use crying over spilled milk" - or should we say, toiling over spilled grains? Nonetheless, the idiosyncrasies of the world of academia and labor markets often yield surprising connections that defy conventional wisdom.
While it may seem as odd as a farmer milking a cactus, our study aims to earnestly explore the correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables. The idea to investigate this association blossomed from the fertile soil of curiosity and has since been meticulously cultivated through rigorous data analysis and statistical inquiries. In a figurative sense, we have sown the seeds of curiosity and are now ready to reap the harvest of insight into these intertwined disciplines.
The agrarian aspect of this investigation resonates with the idea that sometimes the most bountiful yields spring from the most unexpected soil. Our research endeavors to plow through the fertile ground of data, unearth the nuances of these fields, and cultivate a deeper understanding of the underlying forces at play. Just as unexpected rain can nourish a parched field, our findings have the potential to irrigate the intellectual landscape with new perspectives and insights.
To this end, we combed through the data like a farmer scours the land for the ripest harvest, analyzing the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the flourishing community of pharmacists in Texas. Our findings unearthed a striking correlation coefficient, akin to discovering a needle in a haystack or, in this case, the proverbial pharmaceutical pill in a sprawling field of crops. Although unexpected, this discovery holds potential ramifications for our understanding of how different professional domains interact and shape one another.
In the following sections, we will delve into the implications and potential explanations for this curious association. Just as a pharmacist carefully measures out precise doses of medication, we aim to dispense a thorough examination of this unexpected correlation. Through our research, we seek to fertilize the intellectual terrain with fresh insights and cultivate a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate realms.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas during the years 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9347677 indicated a highly positive linear relationship between these two variables. Such a strong correlation can prompt one to exclaim, "Holy guacamole!" - a phrase that seems particularly fitting given the agricultural context of the variables under consideration.
The coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8737907 further confirmed that approximately 87.4% of the variability in the number of pharmacists in Texas could be explained by the variability in the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources. This finding suggests that the pursuit of advanced degrees in agricultural and natural resource fields may indeed hold a significant sway over the pharmaceutical landscape of the Lone Star State.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation was not merely a coincidental occurrence akin to finding a needle in a haystack but rather a statistically significant association. This discovery holds weighty implications for our understanding of the interplay between agricultural education and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas.
For a visual representation of the relationship between the two variables, refer to Figure 1, which displays a scatterplot illustrating the robust correlation observed in our analysis. The scatterplot showcases the tightly clustered data points, akin to a bountiful harvest of evidential support for the unexpected interconnection between agriculture and pharmacy.
These results not only elucidate the surprising correlation between Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the number of pharmacists in Texas but also call for a reevaluation of the traditional boundaries between seemingly unrelated domains. The unearthing of this correlation reflects the intricate and surprising ways in which different professional spheres can intertwine, much like the intricate root systems of plants that intermingle beneath the surface, fostering unexpected connections in the intellectual soil of academia and labor markets.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has unearthed a striking and statistically significant correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas. The robust correlation coefficient and p-value below 0.01 indicate a strong association, leaving us not just scratching our heads, but plowing through the fields of academia in search of explanations.

The idea that the study of crops and soil could hold sway over the pharmaceutical domain may seem as unlikely as an aubergine at a pharmacy counter, but our findings suggest otherwise. One might even say that the correlation uncovered is as surprising as finding a haystack in a pharmacy - an unexpected twist indeed!

These unexpected findings call for a reevaluation of the traditionally siloed professional domains - a reaping of the conventional wisdom, if you will. Just as a farmer must tend to the complexities of crop cultivation, the dynamics of the agricultural and pharmaceutical fields intertwine in ways we had not previously imagined.

In the spirit of sowing the seeds of inquiry and reaping the fruits of knowledge, our research invites further exploration into the interconnectedness of seemingly distant domains. However, as ironic as it may seem, we assert that - in this case - no further research is needed. After all, we wouldn't want to continue beating a dead horse...or should we say, a dead cow?

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Sustainable Pharmacy Economics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Ethnobotany

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors with an abstract of This paper examines the surprising link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources and the abundance of pharmacists in Texas. The study was conducted using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics spanning the years 2012 to 2021. Our findings revealed a surprisingly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9347677, with a p-value well below 0.01, indicating a significant relationship between these two seemingly unrelated factors. We explore the implications of this unexpected connection, including the potential for agricultural practices to have a direct effect on the well-being of pharmacists, and the role of natural resources in shaping the pharmaceutical landscape. The results of this research shed light on the hidden dynamics of these fields and highlight the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate domains.

ChatGPT:

Agriculture Master's degrees, natural resources Master's degrees, pharmacists in Texas, correlation between agriculture degrees and pharmacists, National Center for Education Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, agricultural practices and pharmacists, natural resources and pharmaceutical landscape

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources
Detailed data title: Master's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions in Agriculture and natural resources
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources

The number of pharmacists in Texas
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of pharmacists in Texas
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of pharmacists in Texas

Correlation r = 0.9347677 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8737907 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 87.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of pharmacists in Texas) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources) over the 10 years from 2012 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 7.3E-5.^Show 0.0000731846222426842000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.93 in 0.0073% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 13,664 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.74, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources (Degrees awarded)	6622	6601	7026	6894	7206	7373	6967	7544	7405	7404
The number of pharmacists in Texas (Pharmacists)	20390	20670	21010	21120	21560	22130	21250	22770	23150	22550

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([6622,6601,7026,6894,7206,7373,6967,7544,7405,7404,])
array_2 = np.array([20390,20670,21010,21120,21560,22130,21250,22770,23150,22550,])
array_1_name = "Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources"
array_2_name = "The number of pharmacists in Texas"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Master's degrees awarded in Agriculture and natural resources
Line chart for only The number of pharmacists in Texas
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Agriculture and Resources Masters: Pharmacists' Thriving Saviors

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Correlation ID: 3155 · Black Variable ID: 1311 · Red Variable ID: 14770


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