Spurious correlation #3,106 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. The chart goes from 1993 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. The chart goes from 1993 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The rise in breweries in the United States led to increased demand for beer, resulting in more hops being grown. This spike in hop production created a unique microclimate that caused a slight but measurable shift in the wind patterns over the Faroe Islands, ultimately leading to an increase in wind power generation. You could say it brewed up a hoppy coincidence that really put the 'ale' in gale power!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie, depicting a quaint town in the United States where people are seen blowing on their hot drinks to cool them down. As the collective blowing creates a gust of wind, show the wind carrying across the ocean to the peaceful Faroe Islands, where it inadvertently boosts their wind power generation. The scene should have a cozy, nostalgic feel, with people enjoying their hot beverages and the wind gently blowing across the landscape. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Sci-fi fantacy Pop art An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie Brutalism Symbolism
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands, in the following situation: Because as the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the demand for beer, leading to more people blowing on their hot drinks to cool them down. This collective increase in wind production spread to the Faroe Islands, inadvertently boosting their wind power generation.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the United States, the number of breweries has increased, leading to a rise in demand for beer. As a result, more people are seen blowing on their hot drinks to cool them down. This collective increase in blowing creates a wind, which travels across the ocean to the Faroe Islands, inadvertently boosting their wind power generation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie ] and depicting this scene: In the United States, the number of breweries has increased, leading to a rise in demand for beer. As a result, more people are seen blowing on their hot drinks to cool them down. This collective increase in blowing creates a wind, which travels across the ocean to the Faroe Islands, inadvertently boosting their wind power generation. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie, depicting a quaint town in the United States where people are seen blowing on their hot drinks to cool them down. As the collective blowing creates a gust of wind, show the wind carrying across the ocean to the peaceful Faroe Islands, where it inadvertently boosts their wind power generation. The scene should have a cozy, nostalgic feel, with people enjoying their hot beverages and the wind gently blowing across the landscape.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused Wind power generated in Faroe Islands to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

Journal of Renewable Energy and Craft Beverage Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

[[ABSTRACT]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

This study delves into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. While one may think these two factors have about as much in common as a pint of stout and a gust of wind, our research suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "There's no such thing as a free lunch, but there might be free wind power."

Using data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to verify the existence of a correlation between the proliferation of breweries and the generation of wind power. Our findings unveiled a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1993 to 2021. To put it in layman's terms, the relationship between these two seemingly disparate entities is about as strong as the bond between hops and barley in a freshly brewed ale.

We recognize that at first glance, this connection may seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint. However, our analysis suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a correlation that's as intriguing as a beer bottle with a genie inside—a real head-scratcher worth toasting to.

In conclusion, our study adds an unexpected twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The connection between the flourishing of craft breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands may be one of the most unexpected findings in the realm of energy economics. As they say, "It's like finding a penny in a brewpub—totally unexpected, but worth holding onto."

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands
In the realm of renewable energy, wind power has been blowing away the competition. And speaking of blowing, have you heard about the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands? It's truly a breezy wonder. In this study, we set out to explore the unexpected yet intriguing relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. Who would've thought that pilsners and pinwheels could be interconnected?
As my dad used to say, "There are two kinds of people—those who love a good beer and those who are just downright winded by the power of wind energy." And indeed, our research delved into uncovering the fascinating link between these seemingly unrelated factors.
The data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration provided the canvas for our research masterpiece. Picture this: while enjoying a pint at your local brewery, have you ever paused to wonder about the winds that power distant turbines? Well, our findings suggest that the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands are more intertwined than a pair of beer-loving twins separated at birth.
The correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 revealed by our analysis left us in a state of gleeful disbelief, like discovering a hidden stash of hops in an unexpected corner of the brewery. It turns out that the connection between breweries and wind power is about as strong as a gale-force wind at a seaside brewery, making this association more robust than a well-crafted stout.
While it may seem as surprising as finding a brewery in the middle of a wind farm, our study presents compelling evidence that as the number of breweries in the United States rises, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a mind-boggling correlation that may leave you scratching your head as fervently as a brewmaster trying to perfect a new recipe.
In conclusion, our findings add a refreshing twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The unexpected connection between the proliferation of breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands stands as a testament to the enchanting mysteries of economic relationships. It's like stumbling upon a brewery tour while on a hike—totally unexpected, but definitely worth the detour.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between breweries in the United States and wind power generated in the Faroe Islands may seem as unusual as finding a polar bear in a sauna. However, our exploration of this unexpected relationship uncovered a treasure trove of information that is as fascinating as it is quirky.

In "Brews and Breezes: A Statistical Analysis," Smith et al. delve into the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power harnessed in the Faroe Islands. Their research also uncovers a surprisingly high correlation coefficient, shedding light on a connection as strong as a frothy head on a well-poured pint. This correlation is as intriguing as a beer flight at a wind farm, intertwining the worlds of craft brews and renewable energy in an unexpected dance.

Doe and Jones (2018) in "Ales in the Icy Winds" provide further evidence of the intricate relationship between breweries and wind power. Their study paints a picture as compelling as an art exhibition in a brewery, presenting a correlation that is as captivating as a sunset over a field of wind turbines.

Turning to non-fiction works, "Wind Power: Breezy Business Strategies" by Winderman offers valuable insights into the wind power industry, as refreshing as a sip of cold brew on a hot summer day. Winderman's analysis of the factors influencing wind power generation provides a backdrop as invigorating as a gust of wind on a brewery patio.

In contrast, the fictional perspective is not to be overlooked. In "The Ales of Change" by Steinbeck, the author weaves a tale that parallels the curious correlation we have observed. His depiction of a world where breweries and wind power are intertwined is as captivating as a sudsy mystery novel, leaving readers on the edge of their seats, or bar stools, as it were.

Likewise, "The Windy Pint" by Rowling, while a work of fiction, captures the imagination with a storyline that mirrors the unexpected bond between breweries and wind power. The narrative is as spellbinding as a magical brew, drawing readers into a world where pints and power are inexplicably entwined.

Even our ventures into cinema have not escaped the embrace of this unlikely correlation. Films such as "Wind Power: A Brewtiful Connection" and "Breweries of the Breezy Isles" serve as entertaining illustrations of the interconnectedness of these two seemingly disparate entities, as enthralling as a blockbuster with a twist ending that leaves audiences as delighted as a beer connoisseur discovering a new favorite brew.

In summary, the literature survey presents a multifaceted view of the association between breweries in the United States and wind power in the Faroe Islands, revealing a web of connections as intricate as a well-crafted beer label. These findings highlight an unexpected convergence that may be as surprising as finding a bottle opener in a wind turbine—unlikely, yet undeniably captivating.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1993 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

[[ABSTRACT]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

This study delves into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. While one may think these two factors have about as much in common as a pint of stout and a gust of wind, our research suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "There's no such thing as a free lunch, but there might be free wind power."

Using data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to verify the existence of a correlation between the proliferation of breweries and the generation of wind power. Our findings unveiled a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1993 to 2021. To put it in layman's terms, the relationship between these two seemingly disparate entities is about as strong as the bond between hops and barley in a freshly brewed ale.

We recognize that at first glance, this connection may seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint. However, our analysis suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a correlation that's as intriguing as a beer bottle with a genie inside—a real head-scratcher worth toasting to.

In conclusion, our study adds an unexpected twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The connection between the flourishing of craft breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands may be one of the most unexpected findings in the realm of energy economics. As they say, "It's like finding a penny in a brewpub—totally unexpected, but worth holding onto."

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands
In the realm of renewable energy, wind power has been blowing away the competition. And speaking of blowing, have you heard about the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands? It's truly a breezy wonder. In this study, we set out to explore the unexpected yet intriguing relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. Who would've thought that pilsners and pinwheels could be interconnected?
As my dad used to say, "There are two kinds of people—those who love a good beer and those who are just downright winded by the power of wind energy." And indeed, our research delved into uncovering the fascinating link between these seemingly unrelated factors.
The data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration provided the canvas for our research masterpiece. Picture this: while enjoying a pint at your local brewery, have you ever paused to wonder about the winds that power distant turbines? Well, our findings suggest that the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands are more intertwined than a pair of beer-loving twins separated at birth.
The correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 revealed by our analysis left us in a state of gleeful disbelief, like discovering a hidden stash of hops in an unexpected corner of the brewery. It turns out that the connection between breweries and wind power is about as strong as a gale-force wind at a seaside brewery, making this association more robust than a well-crafted stout.
While it may seem as surprising as finding a brewery in the middle of a wind farm, our study presents compelling evidence that as the number of breweries in the United States rises, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a mind-boggling correlation that may leave you scratching your head as fervently as a brewmaster trying to perfect a new recipe.
In conclusion, our findings add a refreshing twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The unexpected connection between the proliferation of breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands stands as a testament to the enchanting mysteries of economic relationships. It's like stumbling upon a brewery tour while on a hike—totally unexpected, but definitely worth the detour.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands, our research employed a methodology that was as intricate as the tapestry of beer labels adorning a brewery taproom. This involved a multi-faceted approach, combining data extraction, statistical analysis, and a dash of whimsy to brew up a robust investigation worthy of these two intriguing phenomena.

Data Collection:

Our research team scoured the digital confines of the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration like intrepid adventurers in search of brewing secrets and wind-whispered wisdom. The data from these esteemed sources provided us with a treasure trove of information spanning the years 1993 to 2021, allowing us to craft a comprehensive portrait of brewery proliferation in the United States and wind power generation in the Faroe Islands. Think of it as embarking on a digital treasure hunt, with each dataset serving as a map to the intriguing correlation we sought to uncover.

Statistical Analysis:

With data in hand, we set sail on the sea of statistical analysis, navigating the waves of correlation coefficients and p-values like seasoned sailors chasing after the eldritch secrets of the brewer's art. Our trusty statistical software became our brewing companion, helping us distill the essence of our data into meaningful insights. Through rigorous analyses, we unearthed a correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01, which stood as a testament to the robustness of the relationship between breweries in the United States and wind power in the Faroe Islands. It's as if we had stumbled upon a rare brew of statistical significance, both exhilarating and intoxicating in its revelation.

Novel Measurement Techniques:

In the spirit of academic adventure, our research also delved into novel measurement techniques that would make even the most seasoned statistician raise an eyebrow. For instance, we attempted to quantify the aroma of a freshly brewed beer and correlate it with the wind speed in the Faroe Islands—a proposition as audacious as matching the perfect beer pairing with every gust of wind. While this particular approach yielded more laughter than statistically significant results, it underscored the creativity and whimsy that permeated our investigation.

Qualitative Analysis:

In addition to quantitative analyses, we embraced the art of qualitative inquiry to capture the essence of the brewing and wind power landscapes. Imagine sipping on a pint of ale while contemplating the metaphorical gusts of creativity and innovation that shape the craft brewing industry. Our qualitative exploration served as the frothy head atop the statistical stout, adding depth and flavor to our understanding of the interconnectedness between breweries in the United States and wind power in the Faroe Islands.

Overall, our methodology embraced the spirit of enigmatic discovery, blending traditional data analysis with a touch of unconventional flair. The process was a delightful journey through the frothy realms of brewery data and the windswept expanse of renewable energy statistics, culminating in a revelatory understanding of the unexpected association between these seemingly unrelated realms. It's as if we had unearthed a barrel-aged secret that had been fermenting in the winds of inquiry, waiting to be uncorked and savored.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1993 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9091661, r-squared of 0.8265829, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

[[ABSTRACT]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

This study delves into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. While one may think these two factors have about as much in common as a pint of stout and a gust of wind, our research suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "There's no such thing as a free lunch, but there might be free wind power."

Using data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to verify the existence of a correlation between the proliferation of breweries and the generation of wind power. Our findings unveiled a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1993 to 2021. To put it in layman's terms, the relationship between these two seemingly disparate entities is about as strong as the bond between hops and barley in a freshly brewed ale.

We recognize that at first glance, this connection may seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint. However, our analysis suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a correlation that's as intriguing as a beer bottle with a genie inside—a real head-scratcher worth toasting to.

In conclusion, our study adds an unexpected twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The connection between the flourishing of craft breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands may be one of the most unexpected findings in the realm of energy economics. As they say, "It's like finding a penny in a brewpub—totally unexpected, but worth holding onto."

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands
In the realm of renewable energy, wind power has been blowing away the competition. And speaking of blowing, have you heard about the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands? It's truly a breezy wonder. In this study, we set out to explore the unexpected yet intriguing relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. Who would've thought that pilsners and pinwheels could be interconnected?
As my dad used to say, "There are two kinds of people—those who love a good beer and those who are just downright winded by the power of wind energy." And indeed, our research delved into uncovering the fascinating link between these seemingly unrelated factors.
The data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration provided the canvas for our research masterpiece. Picture this: while enjoying a pint at your local brewery, have you ever paused to wonder about the winds that power distant turbines? Well, our findings suggest that the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands are more intertwined than a pair of beer-loving twins separated at birth.
The correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 revealed by our analysis left us in a state of gleeful disbelief, like discovering a hidden stash of hops in an unexpected corner of the brewery. It turns out that the connection between breweries and wind power is about as strong as a gale-force wind at a seaside brewery, making this association more robust than a well-crafted stout.
While it may seem as surprising as finding a brewery in the middle of a wind farm, our study presents compelling evidence that as the number of breweries in the United States rises, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a mind-boggling correlation that may leave you scratching your head as fervently as a brewmaster trying to perfect a new recipe.
In conclusion, our findings add a refreshing twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The unexpected connection between the proliferation of breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands stands as a testament to the enchanting mysteries of economic relationships. It's like stumbling upon a brewery tour while on a hike—totally unexpected, but definitely worth the detour.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9091661, indicating a remarkably strong relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. This correlation coefficient was accompanied by an r-squared value of 0.8265829, signifying that approximately 82.65% of the variation in wind power generated in the Faroe Islands could be explained by the number of breweries in the United States. If only all relationships were this easy to explain, right? It's like these two variables were made for each other, like a perfect beer pairing.

Further bolstering our findings is the p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the observed correlation is statistically significant. In other words, the likelihood of this association occurring by chance is less than 1%, making it about as rare as finding a four-leaf clover in a hops field. Who knew that statistical significance could also signal a stroke of luck?

The Figure 1 scatterplot visually depicts the strong positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a visual representation of this unexpected relationship, like finding a beer tap in the middle of a wind turbine or a windmill at the back of a brewery. The data points align as though they were destined to be together, much like a refreshing beer and a gentle breeze on a hot summer day.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

[[ABSTRACT]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

This study delves into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. While one may think these two factors have about as much in common as a pint of stout and a gust of wind, our research suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "There's no such thing as a free lunch, but there might be free wind power."

Using data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to verify the existence of a correlation between the proliferation of breweries and the generation of wind power. Our findings unveiled a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1993 to 2021. To put it in layman's terms, the relationship between these two seemingly disparate entities is about as strong as the bond between hops and barley in a freshly brewed ale.

We recognize that at first glance, this connection may seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint. However, our analysis suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a correlation that's as intriguing as a beer bottle with a genie inside—a real head-scratcher worth toasting to.

In conclusion, our study adds an unexpected twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The connection between the flourishing of craft breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands may be one of the most unexpected findings in the realm of energy economics. As they say, "It's like finding a penny in a brewpub—totally unexpected, but worth holding onto."

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between breweries in the United States and wind power generated in the Faroe Islands may seem as unusual as finding a polar bear in a sauna. However, our exploration of this unexpected relationship uncovered a treasure trove of information that is as fascinating as it is quirky.
In "Brews and Breezes: A Statistical Analysis," Smith et al. delve into the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power harnessed in the Faroe Islands. Their research also uncovers a surprisingly high correlation coefficient, shedding light on a connection as strong as a frothy head on a well-poured pint. This correlation is as intriguing as a beer flight at a wind farm, intertwining the worlds of craft brews and renewable energy in an unexpected dance.
Doe and Jones (2018) in "Ales in the Icy Winds" provide further evidence of the intricate relationship between breweries and wind power. Their study paints a picture as compelling as an art exhibition in a brewery, presenting a correlation that is as captivating as a sunset over a field of wind turbines.
Turning to non-fiction works, "Wind Power: Breezy Business Strategies" by Winderman offers valuable insights into the wind power industry, as refreshing as a sip of cold brew on a hot summer day. Winderman's analysis of the factors influencing wind power generation provides a backdrop as invigorating as a gust of wind on a brewery patio.
In contrast, the fictional perspective is not to be overlooked. In "The Ales of Change" by Steinbeck, the author weaves a tale that parallels the curious correlation we have observed. His depiction of a world where breweries and wind power are intertwined is as captivating as a sudsy mystery novel, leaving readers on the edge of their seats, or bar stools, as it were.
Likewise, "The Windy Pint" by Rowling, while a work of fiction, captures the imagination with a storyline that mirrors the unexpected bond between breweries and wind power. The narrative is as spellbinding as a magical brew, drawing readers into a world where pints and power are inexplicably entwined.
Even our ventures into cinema have not escaped the embrace of this unlikely correlation. Films such as "Wind Power: A Brewtiful Connection" and "Breweries of the Breezy Isles" serve as entertaining illustrations of the interconnectedness of these two seemingly disparate entities, as enthralling as a blockbuster with a twist ending that leaves audiences as delighted as a beer connoisseur discovering a new favorite brew.
In summary, the literature survey presents a multifaceted view of the association between breweries in the United States and wind power in the Faroe Islands, revealing a web of connections as intricate as a well-crafted beer label. These findings highlight an unexpected convergence that may be as surprising as finding a bottle opener in a wind turbine—unlikely, yet undeniably captivating.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9091661, indicating a remarkably strong relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. This correlation coefficient was accompanied by an r-squared value of 0.8265829, signifying that approximately 82.65% of the variation in wind power generated in the Faroe Islands could be explained by the number of breweries in the United States. If only all relationships were this easy to explain, right? It's like these two variables were made for each other, like a perfect beer pairing.
Further bolstering our findings is the p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the observed correlation is statistically significant. In other words, the likelihood of this association occurring by chance is less than 1%, making it about as rare as finding a four-leaf clover in a hops field. Who knew that statistical significance could also signal a stroke of luck?
The Figure 1 scatterplot visually depicts the strong positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a visual representation of this unexpected relationship, like finding a beer tap in the middle of a wind turbine or a windmill at the back of a brewery. The data points align as though they were destined to be together, much like a refreshing beer and a gentle breeze on a hot summer day.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our investigation support the previously hypothesized connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. This unexpected correlation serves as a testament to the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena, akin to the synergy between hops and malt in a finely brewed beer. As we've seen, correlations can be found in the unlikeliest of places—the statistical world is a lot like a scavenger hunt for hidden relationships, with statistical anomalies as rare and surprising as finding a beer tap at the top of a wind turbine.

Our findings align with the work of Smith et al., who also observed a remarkable correlation between breweries and wind power. The strength of this relationship is as consistent as the foam atop a well-poured pint, and our results further affirm the robustness of this unexpected association. It's like the blend of flavors in an exquisitely brewed beer—each component enhancing the other in unforeseen ways.

Similarly, the studies by Doe and Jones (2018) and Winderman have contributed to our understanding of this intriguing correlation, underscoring the depth and breadth of its influence. The interconnectedness of breweries and wind power generation is as layered as the complexity of a finely crafted beer, with each nuance adding to the richness of the overall experience.

The statistical significance of the correlation and the high r-squared value lend further credence to the validity of our findings. The probability of this relationship occurring by chance is as slim as finding a needle in a haystack, or perhaps more fittingly, as improbable as finding a conditioning tank in a wind turbine. Our data affirm the robustness of this unexpected connection, illustrating that statistical significance can sometimes be as surprising as finding a beer fridge in an unlikely location.

In conclusion, our study supports the existence of a strong correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. This intriguing relationship challenges conventional wisdom, emphasizing the potential for unexpected connections in the world of energy economics. As we navigate the complexities of statistical analysis, we continue to uncover correlations that are as surprising as discovering a new favorite beer—each one adding a unique and delightful dimension to our understanding of the world around us.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Wind power generated in Faroe Islands. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

[[ABSTRACT]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

This study delves into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. While one may think these two factors have about as much in common as a pint of stout and a gust of wind, our research suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "There's no such thing as a free lunch, but there might be free wind power."

Using data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to verify the existence of a correlation between the proliferation of breweries and the generation of wind power. Our findings unveiled a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1993 to 2021. To put it in layman's terms, the relationship between these two seemingly disparate entities is about as strong as the bond between hops and barley in a freshly brewed ale.

We recognize that at first glance, this connection may seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint. However, our analysis suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a correlation that's as intriguing as a beer bottle with a genie inside—a real head-scratcher worth toasting to.

In conclusion, our study adds an unexpected twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The connection between the flourishing of craft breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands may be one of the most unexpected findings in the realm of energy economics. As they say, "It's like finding a penny in a brewpub—totally unexpected, but worth holding onto."

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands
In the realm of renewable energy, wind power has been blowing away the competition. And speaking of blowing, have you heard about the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands? It's truly a breezy wonder. In this study, we set out to explore the unexpected yet intriguing relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. Who would've thought that pilsners and pinwheels could be interconnected?
As my dad used to say, "There are two kinds of people—those who love a good beer and those who are just downright winded by the power of wind energy." And indeed, our research delved into uncovering the fascinating link between these seemingly unrelated factors.
The data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration provided the canvas for our research masterpiece. Picture this: while enjoying a pint at your local brewery, have you ever paused to wonder about the winds that power distant turbines? Well, our findings suggest that the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands are more intertwined than a pair of beer-loving twins separated at birth.
The correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 revealed by our analysis left us in a state of gleeful disbelief, like discovering a hidden stash of hops in an unexpected corner of the brewery. It turns out that the connection between breweries and wind power is about as strong as a gale-force wind at a seaside brewery, making this association more robust than a well-crafted stout.
While it may seem as surprising as finding a brewery in the middle of a wind farm, our study presents compelling evidence that as the number of breweries in the United States rises, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a mind-boggling correlation that may leave you scratching your head as fervently as a brewmaster trying to perfect a new recipe.
In conclusion, our findings add a refreshing twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The unexpected connection between the proliferation of breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands stands as a testament to the enchanting mysteries of economic relationships. It's like stumbling upon a brewery tour while on a hike—totally unexpected, but definitely worth the detour.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9091661, indicating a remarkably strong relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. This correlation coefficient was accompanied by an r-squared value of 0.8265829, signifying that approximately 82.65% of the variation in wind power generated in the Faroe Islands could be explained by the number of breweries in the United States. If only all relationships were this easy to explain, right? It's like these two variables were made for each other, like a perfect beer pairing.
Further bolstering our findings is the p-value of less than 0.01, indicating that the observed correlation is statistically significant. In other words, the likelihood of this association occurring by chance is less than 1%, making it about as rare as finding a four-leaf clover in a hops field. Who knew that statistical significance could also signal a stroke of luck?
The Figure 1 scatterplot visually depicts the strong positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a visual representation of this unexpected relationship, like finding a beer tap in the middle of a wind turbine or a windmill at the back of a brewery. The data points align as though they were destined to be together, much like a refreshing beer and a gentle breeze on a hot summer day.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In wrapping up our study, it's clear that the correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands is as tight as a bottle cap on a fizzy brew. This unexpected relationship has proven to be more solid than a well-crafted stout and more reliable than a trusty barometer in a gusty wind.

Our findings, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and an r-squared value of 0.8265829, suggest that the bond between these two variables is about as unshakeable as a brewer's dedication to their craft. It's like they were made for each other, like the perfect blend of hops and barley in a delicious ale.

Sure, at first glance, the link between breweries and wind power might seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint, but our data firmly suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "You can't argue with the wind, just like you can't argue with the satisfaction of a good beer."

It's safe to say that no more research is needed in this area. We've uncorked the surprising association between breweries and breezes, and it's as clear as a crisp, refreshing lager on a hot summer day. As they say, "It's like finding a needle in a haystack—except in this case, the needle is a wind turbine and the haystack is a brewery."

So, here's to unexpected correlations and the delightful discoveries they bring. With this study, we raise a glass to the captivating mysteries of economic relationships and the winds of change that shape our world. Cheers to the unassuming connections that make life a little more interesting! And as for future research, let's just say this discovery blows all other potential studies out of the water. No more research needed—case closed!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Renewable Energy and Craft Beverage Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Transnational Brewery and Renewable Energy Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands with an abstract of Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands
This study delves into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. While one may think these two factors have about as much in common as a pint of stout and a gust of wind, our research suggests otherwise. As my dad used to say, "There's no such thing as a free lunch, but there might be free wind power."
Using data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to verify the existence of a correlation between the proliferation of breweries and the generation of wind power. Our findings unveiled a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.9091661 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1993 to 2021. To put it in layman's terms, the relationship between these two seemingly disparate entities is about as strong as the bond between hops and barley in a freshly brewed ale.
We recognize that at first glance, this connection may seem as unlikely as finding a vegan at a barbecue joint. However, our analysis suggests that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the wind power generated in the Faroe Islands. It's a correlation that's as intriguing as a beer bottle with a genie inside—a real head-scratcher worth toasting to.
In conclusion, our study adds an unexpected twist to the discourse surrounding renewable energy sources. The connection between the flourishing of craft breweries and the rise in wind power production in the Faroe Islands may be one of the most unexpected findings in the realm of energy economics. As they say, "It's like finding a penny in a brewpub—totally unexpected, but worth holding onto.

ChatGPT:

breweries, wind power, United States, Faroe Islands, correlation, association, renewable energy, energy economics, craft breweries, wind power generation, Brewers Association, Energy Information Administration, correlation coefficient, p-value, renewable energy sources

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

Random correlation

Discover a new correlation

View all correlations

View all research papers

Report an error

Data details

The number of Breweries in the United States
Detailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States

Wind power generated in Faroe Islands
Detailed data title: Total wind power generated in Faroe Islands in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Wind power generated in Faroe Islands

Correlation r = 0.9091661 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8265829 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 82.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Wind power generated in Faroe Islands) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 29 years from 1993 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 8.9E-12.^Show 0.0000000000088765519062538760
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 8.9E-10% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 112,656,356,946 random variables^Note You don't actually need 112 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 28 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 28 because we have two variables measured over a period of 29 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.81, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries)	490	634	1006	1305	1475	1651	1577	1493	1499	1575	1629	1635	1612	1741	1805	1896	1933	2131	2525	2670	3162	4014	4847	5780	6767	7722	8557	9092	9384
Wind power generated in Faroe Islands (Billion kWh)	0.000423	0.000605	0.00057	0.00058	0.00055	0.000546	0.000562	0.000523	0.000504	0.000553	0.002993	0.007509	0.010332	0.014978	0.015759	0.012969	0.015005	0.014	0.015	0.011	0.02	0.035	0.056	0.052	0.06	0.0638	0.053	0.047	0.047

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([490,634,1006,1305,1475,1651,1577,1493,1499,1575,1629,1635,1612,1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,])
array_2 = np.array([0.000423,0.000605,0.00057,0.00058,0.00055,0.000546,0.000562,0.000523,0.000504,0.000553,0.002993,0.007509,0.010332,0.014978,0.015759,0.012969,0.015005,0.014,0.015,0.011,0.02,0.035,0.056,0.052,0.06,0.0638,0.053,0.047,0.047,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "Wind power generated in Faroe Islands"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The number of Breweries in the United States
Line chart for only Wind power generated in Faroe Islands
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Breweries and Breezes: An Analysis of the Association Between Breweries in the United States and Wind Power in the Faroe Islands

View another random correlation

How fun was this correlation?

You're a rater extraordinaire!

Correlation ID: 3106 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 23665


Problem variable:
Issue:
Additional details: Optional
Confirm you are a human: