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Spurious correlation #2,946 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the second variable is State Street's stock price (STT).  The chart goes from 2003 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota grows, so does the demand for perfectly manicured grass. This heightened interest in pristine lawns leads to an uptick in lawn-related activities, such as friendly neighborhood lawnmower races. These events attract the attention of State Street's CEO, who, seeking a new adrenaline rush after a particularly thrilling game of office bingo, decides to invest heavily in the burgeoning sport of competitive grass grooming. This unexpected influx of funding causes State Street's stock price to skyrocket as they become the primary sponsor of the newly formed National Lawnmower Racing League.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image in a low poly style of a bustling park in Minnesota, where groundskeepers are meticulously tending to luscious green lawns and vibrant flower beds. A stock ticker nearby displays State Street's (STT) price climbing steadily upward. Among the parkgoers, numerous individuals are depicted wearing knee-high socks with sandals, a fashionable trend that has become popular among investors on Wall Street. The scene captures the unique blend of nature and finance intertwined in a whimsical low poly artwork. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Art nouveau Psychedelic 3D Pixar Style Hyper-realistic Low poly
ChatGPT: Low poly

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT), in the following situation: Because as the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota increased, so did the demand for knee-high socks with sandals. This led to a surge in sales for State Street's stock, as they are a major supplier of fashionable financial footwear for Wall Street investors.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling park in Minnesota, a group of groundskeepers work diligently to tend to the lush green lawns and vibrant flower beds. Nearby, a stock ticker displays State Street's (STT) price climbing steadily upward. Among the parkgoers, many are wearing knee-high socks with sandals, a fashionable trend that has become popular among investors on Wall Street.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Low poly ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling park in Minnesota, a group of groundskeepers work diligently to tend to the lush green lawns and vibrant flower beds. Nearby, a stock ticker displays State Street's (STT) price climbing steadily upward. Among the parkgoers, many are wearing knee-high socks with sandals, a fashionable trend that has become popular among investors on Wall Street. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image in a low poly style of a bustling park in Minnesota, where groundskeepers are meticulously tending to luscious green lawns and vibrant flower beds. A stock ticker nearby displays State Street's (STT) price climbing steadily upward. Among the parkgoers, numerous individuals are depicted wearing knee-high socks with sandals, a fashionable trend that has become popular among investors on Wall Street. The scene captures the unique blend of nature and finance intertwined in a whimsical low poly artwork.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota caused State Street's stock price (STT) to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

Journal of Agricultural and Financial Interactions

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Rhyme words in the title.

Your research team used data from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01 for 2003 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Imagine walking through the pristine gardens and manicured lawns of Minnesota, basking in the soothing ambiance of well-kept landscapes. Now, imagine if I told you that behind the scenes of this Midwestern horticultural marvel lies a potential key to unlocking insights into the stock market. Yes, you heard that right! We are diving into the world of groundskeepers and stock prices, aiming to uproot the unexpected correlation between the two.

The intersection of the labor market and financial markets may seem as offbeat as a lawnmower in a rose garden, but our research aims to shed light on the potential impact of the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota on the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). It turns out, this seemingly frivolous relationship may have deeper roots than we initially thought. Insert requisite dad joke here: "Why don't groundskeepers play hide and seek? Because good luck finding them with those unbe-leaf-able camouflage skills!"

The synergy between the meticulous care of Minnesota's green spaces and the fluctuation of STT's stock price poses an intriguing puzzle that defies traditional financial analysis. While some may view this study with skepticism, we are firm believers in the power of unconventional insights. After all, who would have predicted that the smell of freshly cut grass could be correlated with the rise and fall of stock prices? It seems the old saying holds true – "Where there's a will, there's a hedge!"

In this paper, we unearth not only the statistical evidence but also the compelling narrative that emerges from the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. Stay tuned as we explore this uncharted terrain where the mundane and the monetary converge, proving that financial analysis can be as vibrant and diverse as a well-tended garden. So, grab your spades and pruning shears, and let's venture into the unexpected yet captivating world of groundskeepers, greenery, and stock prices. As the saying goes, "sometimes the stock market can really use a little landscaping!"

In the next few sections, we will delve into the methodology, data analysis, and findings that have sprouted from our research, aiming to provide both practical and theoretical insights into this gardening meet stock market revelation. Join us as we dig deep – both figuratively and metaphorically – to uncover the surprising ties between Minnesota's serene landscapes and the bustling world of stock trading. After all, it's about time we recognized that those who tend the grass may indeed hold the stock market brass!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Imagine walking through the pristine gardens and manicured lawns of Minnesota, basking in the soothing ambiance of well-kept landscapes. Now, imagine if I told you that behind the scenes of this Midwestern horticultural marvel lies a potential key to unlocking insights into the stock market. Yes, you heard that right! We are diving into the world of groundskeepers and stock prices, aiming to uproot the unexpected correlation between the two.
The intersection of the labor market and financial markets may seem as offbeat as a lawnmower in a rose garden, but our research aims to shed light on the potential impact of the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota on the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). It turns out, this seemingly frivolous relationship may have deeper roots than we initially thought. Insert requisite dad joke here: "Why don't groundskeepers play hide and seek? Because good luck finding them with those unbe-leaf-able camouflage skills!"
The synergy between the meticulous care of Minnesota's green spaces and the fluctuation of STT's stock price poses an intriguing puzzle that defies traditional financial analysis. While some may view this study with skepticism, we are firm believers in the power of unconventional insights. After all, who would have predicted that the smell of freshly cut grass could be correlated with the rise and fall of stock prices? It seems the old saying holds true – "Where there's a will, there's a hedge!"
In this paper, we unearth not only the statistical evidence but also the compelling narrative that emerges from the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. Stay tuned as we explore this uncharted terrain where the mundane and the monetary converge, proving that financial analysis can be as vibrant and diverse as a well-tended garden. So, grab your spades and pruning shears, and let's venture into the unexpected yet captivating world of groundskeepers, greenery, and stock prices. As the saying goes, "sometimes the stock market can really use a little landscaping!"
In the next few sections, we will delve into the methodology, data analysis, and findings that have sprouted from our research, aiming to provide both practical and theoretical insights into this gardening meet stock market revelation. Join us as we dig deep – both figuratively and metaphorically – to uncover the surprising ties between Minnesota's serene landscapes and the bustling world of stock trading. After all, it's about time we recognized that those who tend the grass may indeed hold the stock market brass!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The connection between seemingly unrelated variables in financial markets has long piqued the interest of researchers. In "Smith and Doe's Study," the authors find a possible correlation between consumer confidence and stock prices, shedding light on the intricate relationship between public sentiment and market dynamics. Similarly, "Jones et al.'s Work" explores the impact of weather patterns on stock volatility, revealing unexpected influences on financial markets. However, amidst this serious scholarship lies a potential trade secret hiding in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed - or should we say, "un-hoe-rthed"?

As we traverse through the foliage of financial analysis, it is crucial to consider the impact of unconventional factors on market behavior. Studies such as "The Financial Impact of Coffee Consumption" and "The Influence of Lunar Phases on Stock Returns" serve as a reminder that unorthodox variables can indeed impact financial markets. As the old saying goes, "When it rains, it pours... except for when it boosts stock prices, apparently!"

Turning to related non-fiction books, "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith and "The Economy of Cities" by Jane Jacobs offer valuable insights into the intricacies of economic systems and the interplay of urban development with financial markets. However, it's time to branch out from the traditional literature and explore unexpected sources for inspiration. Enter "The Green Thumb's Guide to Investing" and "Hedge Funds: The Ultimate Landscape Design." While not traditional finance reads, these titles offer a garden of unconventional wisdom for the discerning reader.

Transitioning to fiction, "The Secret Garden" by Frances Hodgson Burnett and "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald offer literature enthusiasts a luscious blend of greenery and wealth, hinting at the unexpected intersection of landscapes and financial prosperity. But enough with the seriousness - it's time to take a stroll through the whimsical world of children's shows for a dose of unconventional research material. Who would have thought that "Bob the Builder" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" could hold the key to unlocking financial mysteries? After all, even a stock market analyst needs a little square-pants humor now and then!

In this literature review, we set the stage for our research findings, demonstrating the importance of considering unorthodox influences on financial markets. As we move forward, our research embarks on a journey to uncover the unexpected link between Minnesota's groundskeepers and State Street's stock price, promising to deliver insights that are both informative and, dare we say, "lawnmower-mentary."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2003 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Imagine walking through the pristine gardens and manicured lawns of Minnesota, basking in the soothing ambiance of well-kept landscapes. Now, imagine if I told you that behind the scenes of this Midwestern horticultural marvel lies a potential key to unlocking insights into the stock market. Yes, you heard that right! We are diving into the world of groundskeepers and stock prices, aiming to uproot the unexpected correlation between the two.
The intersection of the labor market and financial markets may seem as offbeat as a lawnmower in a rose garden, but our research aims to shed light on the potential impact of the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota on the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). It turns out, this seemingly frivolous relationship may have deeper roots than we initially thought. Insert requisite dad joke here: "Why don't groundskeepers play hide and seek? Because good luck finding them with those unbe-leaf-able camouflage skills!"
The synergy between the meticulous care of Minnesota's green spaces and the fluctuation of STT's stock price poses an intriguing puzzle that defies traditional financial analysis. While some may view this study with skepticism, we are firm believers in the power of unconventional insights. After all, who would have predicted that the smell of freshly cut grass could be correlated with the rise and fall of stock prices? It seems the old saying holds true – "Where there's a will, there's a hedge!"
In this paper, we unearth not only the statistical evidence but also the compelling narrative that emerges from the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. Stay tuned as we explore this uncharted terrain where the mundane and the monetary converge, proving that financial analysis can be as vibrant and diverse as a well-tended garden. So, grab your spades and pruning shears, and let's venture into the unexpected yet captivating world of groundskeepers, greenery, and stock prices. As the saying goes, "sometimes the stock market can really use a little landscaping!"
In the next few sections, we will delve into the methodology, data analysis, and findings that have sprouted from our research, aiming to provide both practical and theoretical insights into this gardening meet stock market revelation. Join us as we dig deep – both figuratively and metaphorically – to uncover the surprising ties between Minnesota's serene landscapes and the bustling world of stock trading. After all, it's about time we recognized that those who tend the grass may indeed hold the stock market brass!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To explore the unexpected correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT), our research team embarked on a journey as complex and intricate as a finely pruned topiary garden. We collected data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), cultivating datasets from 2003 to 2022 like a well-tended garden bed. Our first step in this convoluted dance was to quantify the number of groundskeepers across the state of Minnesota, involving a detailed examination of landscaping companies, municipal groundskeeping operations, and even individual garden enthusiasts—because let’s face it, they deserve acknowledgment too. After all, every lawn-ranger counts in this study!

Next, we delved into the labyrinth of financial data analysis, employing an amalgamation of statistical techniques that were a veritable bouquet of methods. Our analysis resembled a delicate pruning process, carefully trimming away irrelevant data to reveal the core relationship. We utilized correlation analysis to unearth the verdant connections between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation. Though at times it felt like navigating a hedge maze in the dark, our perseverance yielded an unexpectedly bountiful harvest of insights.

Furthermore, we employed regression analysis to untangle the web of causality, seeking to elucidate the nuanced interplay between the labor of groundskeepers and the financial performance of STT. This process involved fitting models as intricate as the most elaborate botanical gardens, capturing the intricate nuances of the relationship in a systematic manner. The statistical modeling was akin to cultivating a diverse array of flora, aiming to bring forth the underlying patterns from the fertile soil of data. In the end, our goal was to leave no leaf unturned in understanding the intricate fabric of this connection, because as any gardener knows, the devil is in the details.

Lastly, in a move as unexpected as finding a tulip in a vegetable garden, we employed time-series analysis to capture the dynamic nature of this relationship across the years. This involved observing the ebb and flow of both the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock prices of State Street Corporation, akin to watching the changing seasons in a carefully tended landscape. Through this comprehensive approach, we sought to provide a robust understanding of the temporal dynamics inherent in this foliage-to-finance phenomenon.

With these methods firmly rooted, we endeavored to reveal the unexpected connections between the meticulous landscapes of Minnesota and the intricate fabric of the stock market, highlighting the potential for insights to blossom from the most unexpected places. In the next section, we will present the fertile findings of our endeavor, showcasing the surprising yield of connections that has blossomed from this unusual juxtaposition of labor and finance. Just like a well-kept garden, these methodology has laid the groundwork for an academic paper that sheds light on the greenery-meets-gilt phenomenon.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2003 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8381312, r-squared of 0.7024638, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Imagine walking through the pristine gardens and manicured lawns of Minnesota, basking in the soothing ambiance of well-kept landscapes. Now, imagine if I told you that behind the scenes of this Midwestern horticultural marvel lies a potential key to unlocking insights into the stock market. Yes, you heard that right! We are diving into the world of groundskeepers and stock prices, aiming to uproot the unexpected correlation between the two.
The intersection of the labor market and financial markets may seem as offbeat as a lawnmower in a rose garden, but our research aims to shed light on the potential impact of the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota on the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). It turns out, this seemingly frivolous relationship may have deeper roots than we initially thought. Insert requisite dad joke here: "Why don't groundskeepers play hide and seek? Because good luck finding them with those unbe-leaf-able camouflage skills!"
The synergy between the meticulous care of Minnesota's green spaces and the fluctuation of STT's stock price poses an intriguing puzzle that defies traditional financial analysis. While some may view this study with skepticism, we are firm believers in the power of unconventional insights. After all, who would have predicted that the smell of freshly cut grass could be correlated with the rise and fall of stock prices? It seems the old saying holds true – "Where there's a will, there's a hedge!"
In this paper, we unearth not only the statistical evidence but also the compelling narrative that emerges from the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. Stay tuned as we explore this uncharted terrain where the mundane and the monetary converge, proving that financial analysis can be as vibrant and diverse as a well-tended garden. So, grab your spades and pruning shears, and let's venture into the unexpected yet captivating world of groundskeepers, greenery, and stock prices. As the saying goes, "sometimes the stock market can really use a little landscaping!"
In the next few sections, we will delve into the methodology, data analysis, and findings that have sprouted from our research, aiming to provide both practical and theoretical insights into this gardening meet stock market revelation. Join us as we dig deep – both figuratively and metaphorically – to uncover the surprising ties between Minnesota's serene landscapes and the bustling world of stock trading. After all, it's about time we recognized that those who tend the grass may indeed hold the stock market brass!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8381312, depicting a strong positive relationship between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). To put it succinctly, the number of green thumbs appears to have a tangible impact on the financial market.

To put it in layman's terms, it seems that tending to the Land of 10,000 Lakes can lead to a "stock-tacular" impact on Wall Street. Who would have thought that those who prune the roses and manicure the lawns could also have a hand in the fluctuation of stock prices? It seems that the market, much like a well-kept garden, has its own share of unexpected blossoms.

Additionally, the calculated R-squared value of 0.7024638 suggests that approximately 70% of the variance in State Street's stock price can be explained by the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota. This finding indicates a strong degree of predictability, further solidifying the plausibility of the relationship. One might even say that there's a "lawnfurl" of predictability in this unexpected dynamic.

Furthermore, with a p-value less than 0.01, our data provides overwhelming evidence against the null hypothesis, firmly establishing that the relationship between these variables is indeed statistically significant. Though we may not have expected to find such a strong connection, it seems that the influence of Minnesota's groundskeepers on the stock market is no trivial matter - quite the opposite, in fact!

Figure 1 illustrates the scatterplot depicting the strong correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation. As the data points form a positively sloped pattern, it becomes evident that the maintenance of Minnesota's green spaces might just have more far-reaching implications than previously thought. Who would have guessed that pruning shears and stock trends would intersect in such an intriguing manner?

In conclusion, our findings not only reaffirm the unexpected correlations that can emerge within the financial market but also emphasize the significance of unearthing and embracing these unconventional insights. The next time you wander through a meticulously landscaped garden in Minnesota, remember that the impact of those groundskeepers may extend far beyond the state boundaries, reaching into the bustling world of stock trading. As we've discovered, the grass may indeed be greener on the stock market side!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The connection between seemingly unrelated variables in financial markets has long piqued the interest of researchers. In "Smith and Doe's Study," the authors find a possible correlation between consumer confidence and stock prices, shedding light on the intricate relationship between public sentiment and market dynamics. Similarly, "Jones et al.'s Work" explores the impact of weather patterns on stock volatility, revealing unexpected influences on financial markets. However, amidst this serious scholarship lies a potential trade secret hiding in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed - or should we say, "un-hoe-rthed"?
As we traverse through the foliage of financial analysis, it is crucial to consider the impact of unconventional factors on market behavior. Studies such as "The Financial Impact of Coffee Consumption" and "The Influence of Lunar Phases on Stock Returns" serve as a reminder that unorthodox variables can indeed impact financial markets. As the old saying goes, "When it rains, it pours... except for when it boosts stock prices, apparently!"
Turning to related non-fiction books, "The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith and "The Economy of Cities" by Jane Jacobs offer valuable insights into the intricacies of economic systems and the interplay of urban development with financial markets. However, it's time to branch out from the traditional literature and explore unexpected sources for inspiration. Enter "The Green Thumb's Guide to Investing" and "Hedge Funds: The Ultimate Landscape Design." While not traditional finance reads, these titles offer a garden of unconventional wisdom for the discerning reader.
Transitioning to fiction, "The Secret Garden" by Frances Hodgson Burnett and "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald offer literature enthusiasts a luscious blend of greenery and wealth, hinting at the unexpected intersection of landscapes and financial prosperity. But enough with the seriousness - it's time to take a stroll through the whimsical world of children's shows for a dose of unconventional research material. Who would have thought that "Bob the Builder" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" could hold the key to unlocking financial mysteries? After all, even a stock market analyst needs a little square-pants humor now and then!
In this literature review, we set the stage for our research findings, demonstrating the importance of considering unorthodox influences on financial markets. As we move forward, our research embarks on a journey to uncover the unexpected link between Minnesota's groundskeepers and State Street's stock price, promising to deliver insights that are both informative and, dare we say, "lawnmower-mentary."

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8381312, depicting a strong positive relationship between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). To put it succinctly, the number of green thumbs appears to have a tangible impact on the financial market.
To put it in layman's terms, it seems that tending to the Land of 10,000 Lakes can lead to a "stock-tacular" impact on Wall Street. Who would have thought that those who prune the roses and manicure the lawns could also have a hand in the fluctuation of stock prices? It seems that the market, much like a well-kept garden, has its own share of unexpected blossoms.
Additionally, the calculated R-squared value of 0.7024638 suggests that approximately 70% of the variance in State Street's stock price can be explained by the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota. This finding indicates a strong degree of predictability, further solidifying the plausibility of the relationship. One might even say that there's a "lawnfurl" of predictability in this unexpected dynamic.
Furthermore, with a p-value less than 0.01, our data provides overwhelming evidence against the null hypothesis, firmly establishing that the relationship between these variables is indeed statistically significant. Though we may not have expected to find such a strong connection, it seems that the influence of Minnesota's groundskeepers on the stock market is no trivial matter - quite the opposite, in fact!
Figure 1 illustrates the scatterplot depicting the strong correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation. As the data points form a positively sloped pattern, it becomes evident that the maintenance of Minnesota's green spaces might just have more far-reaching implications than previously thought. Who would have guessed that pruning shears and stock trends would intersect in such an intriguing manner?
In conclusion, our findings not only reaffirm the unexpected correlations that can emerge within the financial market but also emphasize the significance of unearthing and embracing these unconventional insights. The next time you wander through a meticulously landscaped garden in Minnesota, remember that the impact of those groundskeepers may extend far beyond the state boundaries, reaching into the bustling world of stock trading. As we've discovered, the grass may indeed be greener on the stock market side!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study uncover a remarkable relationship between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). It appears that the influence of Minnesota's green thumbs reaches far beyond the state's borders to Wall Street, exerting a surprising impact on stock prices. This unanticipated connection aligns with previous research that has explored the influence of unconventional factors on financial markets. Much like the correlation found between consumer confidence and stock prices or the impact of weather patterns on market volatility, our findings reinforce the idea that seemingly unrelated variables can significantly influence financial dynamics.

As we harken back to our literature review, we are reminded of the potential for unexpected influences on financial markets. Just as "The Financial Impact of Coffee Consumption" and "The Influence of Lunar Phases on Stock Returns" hint at the unorthodox variables that can impact the market, our study contributes to this narrative by revealing the tangible impact of the number of groundskeepers on stock prices. The predictable relationship we uncovered offers a compelling case for the incorporation of unconventional factors into financial analysis. Who would have thought that the whims of the weather and the careful tending of gardens could hold such sway over the stock market? It seems that in the financial world, even the lawn and behold must be taken into consideration.

Furthermore, the strong correlation coefficient and high R-squared value found in our analysis provide convincing evidence of the substantial relationship between these variables. These statistical measures reinforce the robustness of our findings and their relevancy for the broader financial landscape. It seems that when it comes to the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price, the numbers simply don't lie - in fact, they might just tell a joke or two along the way.

The significance of the statistically significant relationship between these variables cannot be understated. Our findings shed light on the potential impact of seemingly mundane factors on the financial market, punctuating the need for a more holistic approach to financial analysis. Who would have thought that landscaping and stock trading could intersect in such an intriguing manner? It appears that in the financial world, just as in dad jokes, the unexpected punchline often carries the most weight.

With the implications of our study reaching far beyond the confines of traditional financial analysis, our research opens the door to a new era of integrating unconventional influences into market forecasting and decision-making. As we press further into the uncharted territory of unorthodox influences on financial markets, we must remember the importance of considering the unexpected and embracing the unexplored. Just as a garden's beauty lies in its diverse array of flora, so too does the financial market benefit from the diverse influences that shape it. Our findings encourage a shift in perspective, urging financial analysts to dig deep, water the seeds of unconventional insight, and cultivate a landscape of financial understanding that encompasses even the most unexpected of influences. After all, in the words of every great dad joke, there's always more than meets the "eye"-risk.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and State Street's stock price (STT). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?

Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."

So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Imagine walking through the pristine gardens and manicured lawns of Minnesota, basking in the soothing ambiance of well-kept landscapes. Now, imagine if I told you that behind the scenes of this Midwestern horticultural marvel lies a potential key to unlocking insights into the stock market. Yes, you heard that right! We are diving into the world of groundskeepers and stock prices, aiming to uproot the unexpected correlation between the two.
The intersection of the labor market and financial markets may seem as offbeat as a lawnmower in a rose garden, but our research aims to shed light on the potential impact of the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota on the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). It turns out, this seemingly frivolous relationship may have deeper roots than we initially thought. Insert requisite dad joke here: "Why don't groundskeepers play hide and seek? Because good luck finding them with those unbe-leaf-able camouflage skills!"
The synergy between the meticulous care of Minnesota's green spaces and the fluctuation of STT's stock price poses an intriguing puzzle that defies traditional financial analysis. While some may view this study with skepticism, we are firm believers in the power of unconventional insights. After all, who would have predicted that the smell of freshly cut grass could be correlated with the rise and fall of stock prices? It seems the old saying holds true – "Where there's a will, there's a hedge!"
In this paper, we unearth not only the statistical evidence but also the compelling narrative that emerges from the relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. Stay tuned as we explore this uncharted terrain where the mundane and the monetary converge, proving that financial analysis can be as vibrant and diverse as a well-tended garden. So, grab your spades and pruning shears, and let's venture into the unexpected yet captivating world of groundskeepers, greenery, and stock prices. As the saying goes, "sometimes the stock market can really use a little landscaping!"
In the next few sections, we will delve into the methodology, data analysis, and findings that have sprouted from our research, aiming to provide both practical and theoretical insights into this gardening meet stock market revelation. Join us as we dig deep – both figuratively and metaphorically – to uncover the surprising ties between Minnesota's serene landscapes and the bustling world of stock trading. After all, it's about time we recognized that those who tend the grass may indeed hold the stock market brass!

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8381312, depicting a strong positive relationship between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). To put it succinctly, the number of green thumbs appears to have a tangible impact on the financial market.
To put it in layman's terms, it seems that tending to the Land of 10,000 Lakes can lead to a "stock-tacular" impact on Wall Street. Who would have thought that those who prune the roses and manicure the lawns could also have a hand in the fluctuation of stock prices? It seems that the market, much like a well-kept garden, has its own share of unexpected blossoms.
Additionally, the calculated R-squared value of 0.7024638 suggests that approximately 70% of the variance in State Street's stock price can be explained by the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota. This finding indicates a strong degree of predictability, further solidifying the plausibility of the relationship. One might even say that there's a "lawnfurl" of predictability in this unexpected dynamic.
Furthermore, with a p-value less than 0.01, our data provides overwhelming evidence against the null hypothesis, firmly establishing that the relationship between these variables is indeed statistically significant. Though we may not have expected to find such a strong connection, it seems that the influence of Minnesota's groundskeepers on the stock market is no trivial matter - quite the opposite, in fact!
Figure 1 illustrates the scatterplot depicting the strong correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation. As the data points form a positively sloped pattern, it becomes evident that the maintenance of Minnesota's green spaces might just have more far-reaching implications than previously thought. Who would have guessed that pruning shears and stock trends would intersect in such an intriguing manner?
In conclusion, our findings not only reaffirm the unexpected correlations that can emerge within the financial market but also emphasize the significance of unearthing and embracing these unconventional insights. The next time you wander through a meticulously landscaped garden in Minnesota, remember that the impact of those groundskeepers may extend far beyond the state boundaries, reaching into the bustling world of stock trading. As we've discovered, the grass may indeed be greener on the stock market side!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, our research has unearthed a fascinating connection between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation, challenging conventional wisdom and tickling our sense of humor along the way. It seems that the world of finance has its own share of "groundbreaking" factors, and the impact of green thumbs reaches further than we ever imagined. As they say, "When it comes to financial analysis, make sure to always hedge your bets, especially if there's a well-tended hedge involved!"

Our findings illustrate a significant correlation coefficient, a high R-squared value, and a p-value that rejects the null hypothesis, highlighting the robustness and significance of the relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It's as if the financial market has been quietly humming "I'm in the money" while the groundskeepers diligently tend to the state's landscapes. After all, who would have guessed that the rise and fall of stock prices could be tied so closely to the meticulous care of Minnesota's green spaces? It seems that a well-maintained lawn is more than just a pretty sight; it could be a clear indicator of market performance!

As our research thrusts open the door to new possibilities in financial analysis, we propose that this unexpected correlation be recognized and integrated into future market predictions. It's time for analysts to consider not just the traditional economic indicators but also the influence of seemingly unrelated factors, even those as humble as the care of Minnesota's gardens. The next time someone wonders about the unsung heroes impacting the stock market, remind them that the groundskeepers of Minnesota might just hold the key to some surprising stock market blooms.

In light of our findings, we assert that no further research is needed in this area; it's time to mow over to new frontiers in financial analysis. It seems we have a "cutting-edge" understanding of the relationship between landscape maintenance and stock prices, and we can confidently say that further research would just be "grassping at straws."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Agricultural and Financial Interactions


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Ecological Economics and Raccoon Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Minnesota's Groundskeepers and State Street's Stock: The Relationship Unlocked with an abstract of In this research paper, we delve into the surprising correlation between the number of groundskeepers in Minnesota and the stock price of State Street Corporation (STT). With a combination of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we sought to unearth the potential impact of the maintenance of Minnesotan landscapes on the financial market. As we embarked on this journey, we were keenly aware of the pun-tential for unexpected findings - or should we say "lawn and behold" potential?
Our analysis, spanning from 2003 to 2022, revealed a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8381312 and p < 0.01, suggesting a strong relationship between these two seemingly disparate variables. Our findings not only serve as a testament to the influence of seemingly unrelated factors on the stock market but also highlight the importance of considering unconventional influences. As the saying goes, "dig deep in the data, and you might just unearth a stock market-tenance revelation."
So, what does the number of groundkeepers in the Land of 10,000 Lakes have to do with the stock price of State Street Corporation? Join us in this intriguing exploration of the unexpected connections between state landscapes and stock market dynamics. This research opens the door to a new branch of financial analysis, integrating the mundane with the monetary in ways previously unimaginable. After all, as any good dad-joker knows, sometimes the grass really is greener on the stock market side.

ChatGPT:

groundskeepers, Minnesota, State Street Corporation, stock price, correlation, Bureau of Labor Statistics, LSEG Analytics, landscape maintenance, financial market, correlation coefficient, stock market dynamics, financial analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of landscaping and groundskeeping workers in Minnesota
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota

State Street's stock price (STT)
Detailed data title: Opening price of State Street (STT) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with State Street's stock price (STT)

Correlation r = 0.8381312 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.7024638 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 70.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., State Street's stock price (STT)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota) over the 20 years from 2003 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.0E-6. 0.0000039629988687525130000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.84 in 0.0004% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 252,334 random variables You don't actually need 252 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.63, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota (Laborers)1134011810123101379014120147601346013610125201254012450139901490015260155101583015130140101477016370
State Street's stock price (STT) (Stock price)39.452.0549.1255.668.0180.7939.5243.8146.9341.464873.3579.2264.777998.2561.9979.3673.3493.9




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([11340,11810,12310,13790,14120,14760,13460,13610,12520,12540,12450,13990,14900,15260,15510,15830,15130,14010,14770,16370,])
array_2 = np.array([39.4,52.05,49.12,55.6,68.01,80.79,39.52,43.81,46.93,41.46,48,73.35,79.22,64.77,79,98.25,61.99,79.36,73.34,93.9,])
array_1_name = "The number of groundskeepers in Minnesota"
array_2_name = "State Street's stock price (STT)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 2946 · Black Variable ID: 10003 · Red Variable ID: 1888
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