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AI explanation
As the gravitational force of the closer Neptune tugged on the Earth, it disrupted the atmospheric stability over Dallas. This led to a sudden influx of fresh, clean air from an alternate dimension where eco-friendly space aliens are all the rage. The unexpected celestial dry cleaning of the atmosphere left the citizens of Dallas breathing easier and marveling at the power of planetary tidying. The new slogan for environmental success became, "Keep Neptune nearby, and the smog waves goodbye!"
Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Prompt: Generate an image showcasing a surreal solar system scene with a serene, vast backdrop. The focal point is the Sun at the center, radiating its warmth across the cosmos. Neptune is depicted gracefully orbiting at a significant distance from the other planets. As it slowly approaches the Sun, the gravitational pull on Earth begins to weaken, allowing for a decrease in atmospheric pressure over Dallas. This change results in a surprising reduction in air pollution levels as Neptune's indirect influence aids in dispersing the pollutants. The scene captures the unexpected harmony between distant celestial bodies and Earth's environment. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Psychedelic Low poly Oragami A Discovery magazine cover image Cubism
ChatGPT: A Discovery magazine cover image
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas, in the following situation: Because as Neptune moved closer to the Sun, it actually decreased the gravitational pull on Earth, leading to decreased atmospheric pressure in the Dallas area. This lower pressure caused the air pollution to disperse more effectively, resulting in a decrease in air pollution levels. So you see, Neptune may be far away, but it still knows how to clean up its act!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: Picture a serene, vast solar system with the Sun as its center. Neptune gracefully orbits at a distance far beyond the other planets. As it gradually moves closer to the Sun, the gravitational pull acting upon Earth weakens. This change in gravitational force leads to a decrease in atmospheric pressure over Dallas. In contrast to the usual high pollution levels, the lower pressure now allows the polluted air to disperse more easily, leading to a noticeable reduction in air pollution levels. It's a surprising sight to see the distant Neptune indirectly aiding in the clean-up of Earth's atmosphere.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Discovery magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: Picture a serene, vast solar system with the Sun as its center. Neptune gracefully orbits at a distance far beyond the other planets. As it gradually moves closer to the Sun, the gravitational pull acting upon Earth weakens. This change in gravitational force leads to a decrease in atmospheric pressure over Dallas. In contrast to the usual high pollution levels, the lower pressure now allows the polluted air to disperse more easily, leading to a noticeable reduction in air pollution levels. It's a surprising sight to see the distant Neptune indirectly aiding in the clean-up of Earth's atmosphere. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Prompt: Generate an image showcasing a surreal solar system scene with a serene, vast backdrop. The focal point is the Sun at the center, radiating its warmth across the cosmos. Neptune is depicted gracefully orbiting at a significant distance from the other planets. As it slowly approaches the Sun, the gravitational pull on Earth begins to weaken, allowing for a decrease in atmospheric pressure over Dallas. This change results in a surprising reduction in air pollution levels as Neptune's indirect influence aids in dispersing the pollutants. The scene captures the unexpected harmony between distant celestial bodies and Earth's environment.
*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.
I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The distance between Neptune and the Sun caused Air pollution in Dallas to decrease. Make it feel plausible.
AI academic paper
 |
Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas The Journal of Planetary Biodiversity and Urban Ecology Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real! |
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Make the title punny if you can come up with clever pun. If not, make it sound serious.
Your research team used data from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for 1980 to 2023.
Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)
[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit
ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "When Neptune sneezes, Dallas catches a cold." It's a bit of an astronomical stretch, but recent research suggests there might be some truth to this quirky expression. The celestial body of Neptune, the furthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, has long been regarded as a mysterious and distant entity, far removed from the daily concerns of life on Earth. However, the strangest of bedfellows may have been discovered, with our new study revealing a surprising connection between Neptune's orbital position and the air pollution levels in the vibrant city of Dallas.
In the realm of astrophysics, the influence of planets on Earth's environment is a topic of enduring fascination. This connection between the celestial and the terrestrial has often been the subject of speculation and skepticism, echoing through the annals of cosmic lore. However, our study takes a fresh approach to this cosmic conundrum, delving into uncharted territory where the gravitational and atmospheric forces of the cosmos converge with the earthly concerns of pollution control and urban sustainability.
It appears that Neptune is taking its responsibility as the planetary guardian of fresh air quite seriously. With its distant position in the solar system, one might assume that its impact on conditions in Dallas would be negligible. However, our research has unveiled a significant correlation between the varying distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. It seems that this far-flung blue giant is not content to merely twirl about in the outer reaches of our cosmic neighborhood but has decided to stir the atmospheric pot from its celestial seat.
It's as if Neptune is saying, "I may be light-years away, but I've got my eye on you, Dallas!" Who knew that a planet so distant could have such a down-to-earth impact? It's the kind of planetary influence that keeps us all on our toes, not to mention our lungs!
As we navigate this cosmic maze of planetary positions and pollution patterns, our study aims to shed light on a relationship that is truly planetary in scope. So join us as we embark on this celestial journey, where the hum of cosmic harmonies meets the hustle and bustle of urban pollution. Stick around, and you might just catch a glimpse of Neptune's atmospheric antics – it's a show that's truly out of this world!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.
Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.
Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
-------
And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "When Neptune sneezes, Dallas catches a cold." It's a bit of an astronomical stretch, but recent research suggests there might be some truth to this quirky expression. The celestial body of Neptune, the furthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, has long been regarded as a mysterious and distant entity, far removed from the daily concerns of life on Earth. However, the strangest of bedfellows may have been discovered, with our new study revealing a surprising connection between Neptune's orbital position and the air pollution levels in the vibrant city of Dallas.
In the realm of astrophysics, the influence of planets on Earth's environment is a topic of enduring fascination. This connection between the celestial and the terrestrial has often been the subject of speculation and skepticism, echoing through the annals of cosmic lore. However, our study takes a fresh approach to this cosmic conundrum, delving into uncharted territory where the gravitational and atmospheric forces of the cosmos converge with the earthly concerns of pollution control and urban sustainability.
It appears that Neptune is taking its responsibility as the planetary guardian of fresh air quite seriously. With its distant position in the solar system, one might assume that its impact on conditions in Dallas would be negligible. However, our research has unveiled a significant correlation between the varying distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. It seems that this far-flung blue giant is not content to merely twirl about in the outer reaches of our cosmic neighborhood but has decided to stir the atmospheric pot from its celestial seat.
It's as if Neptune is saying, "I may be light-years away, but I've got my eye on you, Dallas!" Who knew that a planet so distant could have such a down-to-earth impact? It's the kind of planetary influence that keeps us all on our toes, not to mention our lungs!
As we navigate this cosmic maze of planetary positions and pollution patterns, our study aims to shed light on a relationship that is truly planetary in scope. So join us as we embark on this celestial journey, where the hum of cosmic harmonies meets the hustle and bustle of urban pollution. Stick around, and you might just catch a glimpse of Neptune's atmospheric antics – it's a show that's truly out of this world!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "The Celestial Symphony: Planetary Orbits and Their Earthly Effects," Smith et al. explore the potential influences of planetary positions on terrestrial phenomena. Their thorough analysis of astronomical data and environmental variables brings to light the intricate dance between the celestial bodies and earthly conditions. Surprisingly, their work lays the foundation for our current investigation into the connection between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas.
It's truly a gas how Neptune's distance can impact air quality, isn't it? The celestial bodies sure know how to make a breath-taking entrance into our atmospheric discussions!
Doe and Jones, in "Cosmic Connections: The Unseen Forces of the Universe," delve into the mysteries of planetary influences on Earth's environment. Their research provides a comprehensive overview of the historical and theoretical aspects of celestial impact, offering valuable insights that fuel our exploration of Neptune's potential role in shaping air pollution patterns in Dallas.
It's almost like Neptune has been hiding its "air-iodic" intentions behind its serene, distant facade all along! Who knew this planet had such a flair for cosmic comedy?
Moving beyond academic studies, the work of Carl Sagan in "Cosmos" and Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry" presents a popularized exploration of the cosmic wonders that tantalize the imagination. Though not focused on specific planetary influences on Earth's atmosphere, these works inspire a sense of cosmic curiosity that propels our investigation into the distant yet tangible impacts of Neptune's positioning on air quality in Dallas.
It's like Neptune suddenly stepped into the limelight and is demanding to be the star of the show – or should we say, the planet of the show!
Turning to fictional literature, the cosmic adventures in Isaac Asimov's "Foundation" and the planetary mysteries depicted in James S.A. Corey's "The Expanse" series serve as intriguing reminders of the captivating allure of celestial phenomena. While these works may not directly address the connections between Neptune and terrestrial pollution, they infuse our exploration with a sense of wonder and curiosity befitting of the cosmic correlation we seek to unravel.
Neptune is really making a splash in our atmospheric discussions, isn't it? It seems that this planet is determined to leave no "stone" unturned in its celestial antics!
In the realm of cinema, films like "Interstellar" and "Gravity" offer cinematic portrayals of the cosmic wonders and perils that lie beyond our earthly realm. While these movies may not specifically address Neptune's impact on air pollution in Dallas, they ignite a sense of cosmic exploration that fuels our own quest to uncover the celestial link to earthly pollution patterns.
It's like the universe is winking at us with every celestial twist and turn – or perhaps that's just Neptune's playful sense of humor shining through!
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 1980 to 2023
Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.
Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "When Neptune sneezes, Dallas catches a cold." It's a bit of an astronomical stretch, but recent research suggests there might be some truth to this quirky expression. The celestial body of Neptune, the furthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, has long been regarded as a mysterious and distant entity, far removed from the daily concerns of life on Earth. However, the strangest of bedfellows may have been discovered, with our new study revealing a surprising connection between Neptune's orbital position and the air pollution levels in the vibrant city of Dallas.
In the realm of astrophysics, the influence of planets on Earth's environment is a topic of enduring fascination. This connection between the celestial and the terrestrial has often been the subject of speculation and skepticism, echoing through the annals of cosmic lore. However, our study takes a fresh approach to this cosmic conundrum, delving into uncharted territory where the gravitational and atmospheric forces of the cosmos converge with the earthly concerns of pollution control and urban sustainability.
It appears that Neptune is taking its responsibility as the planetary guardian of fresh air quite seriously. With its distant position in the solar system, one might assume that its impact on conditions in Dallas would be negligible. However, our research has unveiled a significant correlation between the varying distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. It seems that this far-flung blue giant is not content to merely twirl about in the outer reaches of our cosmic neighborhood but has decided to stir the atmospheric pot from its celestial seat.
It's as if Neptune is saying, "I may be light-years away, but I've got my eye on you, Dallas!" Who knew that a planet so distant could have such a down-to-earth impact? It's the kind of planetary influence that keeps us all on our toes, not to mention our lungs!
As we navigate this cosmic maze of planetary positions and pollution patterns, our study aims to shed light on a relationship that is truly planetary in scope. So join us as we embark on this celestial journey, where the hum of cosmic harmonies meets the hustle and bustle of urban pollution. Stick around, and you might just catch a glimpse of Neptune's atmospheric antics – it's a show that's truly out of this world!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
ChatGPT:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
To unravel the celestial conundrum of Neptune's dance with air pollution in Dallas, we employed an innovative and eclectic mix of methodological approaches. Our research team embarked on a quest that combined data mining techniques and astronomical calculations, all while attempting to maintain our earthly sanity amidst the cosmic chaos.
We utilized data sourced primarily from the Astropy toolbox to determine the precise distance between Neptune and the Sun from the years 1980 to 2023. This involved diving deep into the depths of astronomical records, where even the most dedicated stargazers might fear to tread. Our data collection process was as meticulous as finding a shooting star in a meteor shower, ensuring that each celestial measurement was as accurate as humanly (or should I say, astronomically) possible.
Additionally, we gathered air pollution data for Dallas from the Environmental Protection Agency, carefully sifting through years of statistics like diligent celestial prospectors panning for cosmic gold. This multi-year dataset allowed us to capture the ebb and flow of pollution levels in the heart of Dallas, painting a rich and dynamic portrait of the city's atmospheric conditions.
Our analytical approach resembled a celestial tango, with the distance data for Neptune and the air pollution levels in Dallas twirling around each other in a statistical pas de deux. All calculations were performed with a keen eye for detail, akin to a planetary detective investigating the cosmic clues that may unlock the secrets of Neptune's influence on urban air quality.
Whenever we encountered a particularly challenging calculation, we took a moment to ponder and remind ourselves, "The sky's the limit, but our data precision knows no bounds!" This humorous, yet pointed quip always managed to inject a dose of levity into our research, reminding us not to take ourselves too seriously even as we pushed the boundaries of scientific inquiry.
It's not every day that research leads you to measure the distance between a planet and the Sun while simultaneously keeping tabs on smog levels in a bustling city. If we were to put our research journey into planetary terms, it would be akin to navigating the rings of Saturn and the labyrinthine paths of urban pollution—both equally captivating and confounding in their complexity.
The culmination of our methodological endeavors produced a comprehensive dataset that wove together the cosmic and terrestrial threads of our investigation. With calculations as precise as a well-aimed comet and statistical methods as robust as the gravitational pull of a planet, we sought to uncover the mysterious connection between Neptune's celestial voyages and the atmospheric predicaments of Dallas.
Ultimately, our methodology blended the scientific rigor of astronomy with the practical realities of environmental data analysis, resulting in an interdisciplinary approach that is as unconventional as it is illuminating. While we traversed the cosmic and the quotidian with equal measure, we can firmly attest that our methods were both scientifically sound and delightfully whimsical – a testament to the joy and curiosity inherent in unraveling the peculiarities of the universe.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and Environmental Protection Agency .
For the time period 1980 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.7973388, r-squared of 0.6357492, and p < 0.01.
One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.
Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
-------
And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
As the old saying goes, "When Neptune sneezes, Dallas catches a cold." It's a bit of an astronomical stretch, but recent research suggests there might be some truth to this quirky expression. The celestial body of Neptune, the furthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, has long been regarded as a mysterious and distant entity, far removed from the daily concerns of life on Earth. However, the strangest of bedfellows may have been discovered, with our new study revealing a surprising connection between Neptune's orbital position and the air pollution levels in the vibrant city of Dallas.
In the realm of astrophysics, the influence of planets on Earth's environment is a topic of enduring fascination. This connection between the celestial and the terrestrial has often been the subject of speculation and skepticism, echoing through the annals of cosmic lore. However, our study takes a fresh approach to this cosmic conundrum, delving into uncharted territory where the gravitational and atmospheric forces of the cosmos converge with the earthly concerns of pollution control and urban sustainability.
It appears that Neptune is taking its responsibility as the planetary guardian of fresh air quite seriously. With its distant position in the solar system, one might assume that its impact on conditions in Dallas would be negligible. However, our research has unveiled a significant correlation between the varying distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. It seems that this far-flung blue giant is not content to merely twirl about in the outer reaches of our cosmic neighborhood but has decided to stir the atmospheric pot from its celestial seat.
It's as if Neptune is saying, "I may be light-years away, but I've got my eye on you, Dallas!" Who knew that a planet so distant could have such a down-to-earth impact? It's the kind of planetary influence that keeps us all on our toes, not to mention our lungs!
As we navigate this cosmic maze of planetary positions and pollution patterns, our study aims to shed light on a relationship that is truly planetary in scope. So join us as we embark on this celestial journey, where the hum of cosmic harmonies meets the hustle and bustle of urban pollution. Stick around, and you might just catch a glimpse of Neptune's atmospheric antics – it's a show that's truly out of this world!
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[RESULTS]]
ChatGPT:
[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data revealed a striking correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. The correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and an r-squared of 0.6357492 indicated a strong relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables, with a significance level of p < 0.01.
Fig. 1 illustrates the strong correlation we uncovered, resembling a celestial dance between Neptune's orbit and the ebb and flow of air pollution levels in Dallas. It's like Neptune is pulling the strings of atmospheric dynamics from afar, a true "puppet master" of pollution patterns!
The unexpected nature of this finding leads us to reconsider the traditional boundaries between the celestial and terrestrial realms. It's as though Neptune is giving us a cosmic nudge, reminding us that even the most distant and enigmatic celestial bodies can exert influence on the everyday phenomena we encounter. Who would have thought that Neptune would be such an "air-raising" force in the pollution patterns of Dallas?
Our results open up a world of questions and possibilities, inviting us to explore the ways in which planetary positions might impact earthly conditions. This unexpected connection between celestial dynamics and urban pollution patterns challenges us to broaden our understanding of the interconnectedness between the cosmos and our immediate surroundings. After all, Neptune's influence reaches far beyond its position in the solar system – it seems that it has a hand in shaping the very air we breathe in Dallas.
This unprecedented discovery serves as a reminder that the universe is full of surprises and cosmic connections that may yet elude our understanding. It's a humbling realization that even the most distant celestial bodies can play a role in the intricate tapestry of earthly phenomena. We may have just scratched the surface of the cosmic influence on earthly matters, but the findings of this study certainly suggest that there's more to the universe than meets the eye. Who knew that Neptune would turn out to be such a "breath of fresh air" in the study of air pollution?
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Limit your response to 500 tokens.
Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.
Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "The Celestial Symphony: Planetary Orbits and Their Earthly Effects," Smith et al. explore the potential influences of planetary positions on terrestrial phenomena. Their thorough analysis of astronomical data and environmental variables brings to light the intricate dance between the celestial bodies and earthly conditions. Surprisingly, their work lays the foundation for our current investigation into the connection between Neptune's distance from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas.
It's truly a gas how Neptune's distance can impact air quality, isn't it? The celestial bodies sure know how to make a breath-taking entrance into our atmospheric discussions!
Doe and Jones, in "Cosmic Connections: The Unseen Forces of the Universe," delve into the mysteries of planetary influences on Earth's environment. Their research provides a comprehensive overview of the historical and theoretical aspects of celestial impact, offering valuable insights that fuel our exploration of Neptune's potential role in shaping air pollution patterns in Dallas.
It's almost like Neptune has been hiding its "air-iodic" intentions behind its serene, distant facade all along! Who knew this planet had such a flair for cosmic comedy?
Moving beyond academic studies, the work of Carl Sagan in "Cosmos" and Neil deGrasse Tyson's "Astrophysics for People in a Hurry" presents a popularized exploration of the cosmic wonders that tantalize the imagination. Though not focused on specific planetary influences on Earth's atmosphere, these works inspire a sense of cosmic curiosity that propels our investigation into the distant yet tangible impacts of Neptune's positioning on air quality in Dallas.
It's like Neptune suddenly stepped into the limelight and is demanding to be the star of the show – or should we say, the planet of the show!
Turning to fictional literature, the cosmic adventures in Isaac Asimov's "Foundation" and the planetary mysteries depicted in James S.A. Corey's "The Expanse" series serve as intriguing reminders of the captivating allure of celestial phenomena. While these works may not directly address the connections between Neptune and terrestrial pollution, they infuse our exploration with a sense of wonder and curiosity befitting of the cosmic correlation we seek to unravel.
Neptune is really making a splash in our atmospheric discussions, isn't it? It seems that this planet is determined to leave no "stone" unturned in its celestial antics!
In the realm of cinema, films like "Interstellar" and "Gravity" offer cinematic portrayals of the cosmic wonders and perils that lie beyond our earthly realm. While these movies may not specifically address Neptune's impact on air pollution in Dallas, they ignite a sense of cosmic exploration that fuels our own quest to uncover the celestial link to earthly pollution patterns.
It's like the universe is winking at us with every celestial twist and turn – or perhaps that's just Neptune's playful sense of humor shining through!
[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data revealed a striking correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. The correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and an r-squared of 0.6357492 indicated a strong relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables, with a significance level of p < 0.01.
Fig. 1 illustrates the strong correlation we uncovered, resembling a celestial dance between Neptune's orbit and the ebb and flow of air pollution levels in Dallas. It's like Neptune is pulling the strings of atmospheric dynamics from afar, a true "puppet master" of pollution patterns!
The unexpected nature of this finding leads us to reconsider the traditional boundaries between the celestial and terrestrial realms. It's as though Neptune is giving us a cosmic nudge, reminding us that even the most distant and enigmatic celestial bodies can exert influence on the everyday phenomena we encounter. Who would have thought that Neptune would be such an "air-raising" force in the pollution patterns of Dallas?
Our results open up a world of questions and possibilities, inviting us to explore the ways in which planetary positions might impact earthly conditions. This unexpected connection between celestial dynamics and urban pollution patterns challenges us to broaden our understanding of the interconnectedness between the cosmos and our immediate surroundings. After all, Neptune's influence reaches far beyond its position in the solar system – it seems that it has a hand in shaping the very air we breathe in Dallas.
This unprecedented discovery serves as a reminder that the universe is full of surprises and cosmic connections that may yet elude our understanding. It's a humbling realization that even the most distant celestial bodies can play a role in the intricate tapestry of earthly phenomena. We may have just scratched the surface of the cosmic influence on earthly matters, but the findings of this study certainly suggest that there's more to the universe than meets the eye. Who knew that Neptune would turn out to be such a "breath of fresh air" in the study of air pollution?
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Your response should start like this:
[[DISCUSSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[DISCUSSION]]
Our study has uncovered a remarkable relationship between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. The findings not only confirm the earlier works of Smith et al. and Doe and Jones, but also add a celestial layer of intrigue to the atmospheric dynamics of urban centers.
It seems that Neptune's orbit has a gravitational pull on more than just its moons, as it exerts a palpable influence on the pollution patterns in Dallas. It's like the planet is saying, "Houston, we have a problem!" as it directly impacts the air quality in its neighboring city. This "cosmic interference" opens up a world of possibilities for further exploration into the celestial forces at play in shaping earthly conditions.
Our results echo the sentiments of Smith et al., who exquisitely laid the groundwork for our study. The celestial symphony they alluded to appears to have found a captivating new movement in the unlikely partnership between Neptune's orbit and urban air pollution. It's almost as if the cosmos has orchestrated a symphony of sneezes and wheezes, with Neptune taking center stage as the celestial conductor of atmospheric antics.
Additionally, Doe and Jones hinted at the unseen forces of the universe, and it seems that Neptune's impact on Dallas's air quality might just be one of them. It's as though the planet has been weaving its invisible web of "smogic" intentions beneath the celestial veil, waiting for researchers to unveil its "atmos-fearic" influence on earthly matters.
Our findings not only support but also amplify the quirky enriching influence of Neptune on Earth's atmospheric conditions, a discovery that may sound outlandish at first, but nonetheless yields valuable insights into the cosmic tapestry surrounding our planet.
As we peer into the celestial comedy of errors, our study sheds light on the often overlooked interplay between the distant cosmos and our immediate surroundings. It's as though the universe is playing a cosmic game of "hide and seek," with Neptune revealing its presence in the most unexpected places – including the smog-filled skies of urban centers.
In essence, our work draws on the cosmic curiosity inspired by Carl Sagan and Neil deGrasse Tyson, fueling our exploration with a sense of wonder and awe at the cosmic connection we have unearthed. The celestial influence on earthly matters is both fascinating and "neptastic," making it abundantly clear that the mysteries of the universe are far from being fully unraveled.
This unexpected cosmic correlation animates the often obscure boundary between the celestial and terrestrial realms, making us reevaluate the extent to which the distant celestial bodies seep into the fabric of our everyday lives. The realization that a planet some 2.8 billion miles away can impact the air we breathe is nothing short of a "cosmic joke" that Neptune has been playing on us all along.
As we embark on this celestial journey, our findings prompt us to embrace the cosmic chaos with an open mind and a sense of cosmic humor, for indeed, the universe often has the last laugh. Our study, in all its comprehensive and celestial glory, serves as a testament to the endlessly intriguing and unexpected ways in which the cosmos intertwines with our earthly existence.
Who would have thought that Neptune, the distant gaseous giant, could become such an unexpected "breath of fresh air" in the study of urban pollution? It seems that sometimes, the cosmic joke is on us, and we're only just beginning to unravel its celestial punchline.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.
Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Neptune and the Sun and Air pollution in Dallas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.
Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.
Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas"
[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
[[INTRDUCTION]]
As the old saying goes, "When Neptune sneezes, Dallas catches a cold." It's a bit of an astronomical stretch, but recent research suggests there might be some truth to this quirky expression. The celestial body of Neptune, the furthest planet from the Sun in our solar system, has long been regarded as a mysterious and distant entity, far removed from the daily concerns of life on Earth. However, the strangest of bedfellows may have been discovered, with our new study revealing a surprising connection between Neptune's orbital position and the air pollution levels in the vibrant city of Dallas.
In the realm of astrophysics, the influence of planets on Earth's environment is a topic of enduring fascination. This connection between the celestial and the terrestrial has often been the subject of speculation and skepticism, echoing through the annals of cosmic lore. However, our study takes a fresh approach to this cosmic conundrum, delving into uncharted territory where the gravitational and atmospheric forces of the cosmos converge with the earthly concerns of pollution control and urban sustainability.
It appears that Neptune is taking its responsibility as the planetary guardian of fresh air quite seriously. With its distant position in the solar system, one might assume that its impact on conditions in Dallas would be negligible. However, our research has unveiled a significant correlation between the varying distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. It seems that this far-flung blue giant is not content to merely twirl about in the outer reaches of our cosmic neighborhood but has decided to stir the atmospheric pot from its celestial seat.
It's as if Neptune is saying, "I may be light-years away, but I've got my eye on you, Dallas!" Who knew that a planet so distant could have such a down-to-earth impact? It's the kind of planetary influence that keeps us all on our toes, not to mention our lungs!
As we navigate this cosmic maze of planetary positions and pollution patterns, our study aims to shed light on a relationship that is truly planetary in scope. So join us as we embark on this celestial journey, where the hum of cosmic harmonies meets the hustle and bustle of urban pollution. Stick around, and you might just catch a glimpse of Neptune's atmospheric antics – it's a show that's truly out of this world!
[[RESULTS]]
Our analysis of the data revealed a striking correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and the levels of air pollution in Dallas. The correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and an r-squared of 0.6357492 indicated a strong relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables, with a significance level of p < 0.01.
Fig. 1 illustrates the strong correlation we uncovered, resembling a celestial dance between Neptune's orbit and the ebb and flow of air pollution levels in Dallas. It's like Neptune is pulling the strings of atmospheric dynamics from afar, a true "puppet master" of pollution patterns!
The unexpected nature of this finding leads us to reconsider the traditional boundaries between the celestial and terrestrial realms. It's as though Neptune is giving us a cosmic nudge, reminding us that even the most distant and enigmatic celestial bodies can exert influence on the everyday phenomena we encounter. Who would have thought that Neptune would be such an "air-raising" force in the pollution patterns of Dallas?
Our results open up a world of questions and possibilities, inviting us to explore the ways in which planetary positions might impact earthly conditions. This unexpected connection between celestial dynamics and urban pollution patterns challenges us to broaden our understanding of the interconnectedness between the cosmos and our immediate surroundings. After all, Neptune's influence reaches far beyond its position in the solar system – it seems that it has a hand in shaping the very air we breathe in Dallas.
This unprecedented discovery serves as a reminder that the universe is full of surprises and cosmic connections that may yet elude our understanding. It's a humbling realization that even the most distant celestial bodies can play a role in the intricate tapestry of earthly phenomena. We may have just scratched the surface of the cosmic influence on earthly matters, but the findings of this study certainly suggest that there's more to the universe than meets the eye. Who knew that Neptune would turn out to be such a "breath of fresh air" in the study of air pollution?
-------
Your response should start like this:
[[CONCLUSION]]
ChatGPT:
[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, our research has unveiled an unexpected link between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas, showcasing a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and a significance level of p < 0.01. This celestial connection, though initially met with skepticism, has led to a deeper appreciation of the potential impact of distant planetary positions on earthly phenomena. It's as if Neptune is reminding us that it's not just a planet, it's a "trend-setter" in the realm of cosmic influence!
Our findings prompt us to reconsider the traditional boundaries between the cosmic and the terrestrial, inviting us to ponder the intricate ways in which celestial bodies may exert their influence on our immediate surroundings. It appears that Neptune is keen on taking its stellar responsibilities seriously, serving as a guardian of "air-ial" quality in the Dallas atmosphere. Who would have thought that a planet situated so far away could have such a down-to-earth impact?
This study marks a significant leap in our understanding of the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. It's a reminder that even the most distant and enigmatic entities in the universe may have a hand in shaping the conditions we encounter in our daily lives. Who knew that Neptune's celestial dance could bring a breath of fresh air to the study of air pollution? It's truly a cosmic twist in the tale of terrestrial environmental research.
In light of these groundbreaking findings, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. We have "Neptuned" into a whole new dimension of celestial influence, and it's clear that the celestial bodies may hold more sway over earthly matters than we have previously surmised. It's time to let Neptune and Dallas enjoy their cosmic connection without further "poking" around.
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.
ChatGPT:
The Journal of Planetary Biodiversity and Urban Ecology
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.
ChatGPT:
The Cosmic Environmental Research Institute
Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas with an abstract of In this study, we investigate the cosmic correlation between the distance of Neptune from the Sun and air pollution levels in Dallas. Combining data from the Astropy toolbox and the Environmental Protection Agency, we delved into this celestial quandary. To our surprise, we uncovered a striking relationship between the two seemingly unrelated variables, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7973388 and p < 0.01 for the years 1980 to 2023.
Our findings suggest that as the distance between Neptune and the Sun fluctuates, so too does the air pollution in Dallas. This unexpected link prompts us to reconsider the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and earthly phenomena. Perhaps Neptune's influence permeates further than we once thought, leaving us to ponder the astronomical implications on atmospheric conditions and pollution patterns.
It seems that Neptune truly is "atmos-fearic" about air pollution in Dallas - and we certainly weren't "planet" on discovering this cosmic connection! Join us as we navigate the celestial and terrestrial realms, uncovering a correlation that's truly out of this world.
ChatGPT:
Neptune, Sun, air pollution, Dallas, Astropy, Environmental Protection Agency, correlation, celestial bodies, pollution patterns, atmospheric conditions
*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.
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Data details
The distance between Neptune and the SunDetailed data title: The average distance between Neptune and the Sun as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.
See what else correlates with The distance between Neptune and the Sun
Air pollution in Dallas
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Dallas
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.
r2 = 0.6357492 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 63.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Dallas) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Neptune and the Sun) over the 44 years from 1980 through 2023.
p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 9.3E-11. 0.0000000000933273804948688700
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.
But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.
Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.8 in 9.3E-9% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 10,714,969,119 random variables You don't actually need 10 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.
p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.
Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 43 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 43 because we have two variables measured over a period of 44 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.
[ 0.66, 0.88 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.
This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!
All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.
Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
| 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| The distance between Neptune and the Sun (Planetary distance (AU)) | 30.2793 | 30.2763 | 30.2725 | 30.2676 | 30.2613 | 30.2535 | 30.2445 | 30.2347 | 30.2248 | 30.2152 | 30.2064 | 30.1985 | 30.1912 | 30.1844 | 30.1774 | 30.1698 | 30.161 | 30.1509 | 30.1396 | 30.1273 | 30.1147 | 30.1024 | 30.0908 | 30.0803 | 30.071 | 30.0627 | 30.055 | 30.0473 | 30.0391 | 30.0301 | 30.02 | 30.0091 | 29.9976 | 29.9861 | 29.9751 | 29.9652 | 29.9565 | 29.9491 | 29.9427 | 29.9369 | 29.931 | 29.9246 | 29.9174 | 29.9091 |
| Air pollution in Dallas (Bad air quality days) | 26.5027 | 23.5616 | 18.9041 | 25.4795 | 27.5956 | 25.4795 | 20.274 | 22.7397 | 27.5956 | 18.6301 | 18.3562 | 16.4384 | 12.8415 | 12.6027 | 20 | 22.7397 | 16.9399 | 19.726 | 24.1096 | 21.9178 | 20.4918 | 21.0959 | 17.8082 | 18.6301 | 16.6667 | 23.2877 | 18.3562 | 12.3288 | 13.1148 | 13.9726 | 7.67123 | 18.0822 | 16.9399 | 12.6027 | 7.39726 | 12.0548 | 4.91803 | 6.57534 | 9.86301 | 7.94521 | 6.55738 | 8.49315 | 14.2466 | 8.24176 |
Why this works
- Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
- Lack of causal connection: There is probably
Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied. - Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple
Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is. - Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves.
Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.
Try it yourself
You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.
Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"
Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.
Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.
Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.
Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"
If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:
"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."
# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats
# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):
# Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)
# Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
r_squared = correlation**2
return correlation, r_squared, p_value
# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([30.2793,30.2763,30.2725,30.2676,30.2613,30.2535,30.2445,30.2347,30.2248,30.2152,30.2064,30.1985,30.1912,30.1844,30.1774,30.1698,30.161,30.1509,30.1396,30.1273,30.1147,30.1024,30.0908,30.0803,30.071,30.0627,30.055,30.0473,30.0391,30.0301,30.02,30.0091,29.9976,29.9861,29.9751,29.9652,29.9565,29.9491,29.9427,29.9369,29.931,29.9246,29.9174,29.9091,])
array_2 = np.array([26.5027,23.5616,18.9041,25.4795,27.5956,25.4795,20.274,22.7397,27.5956,18.6301,18.3562,16.4384,12.8415,12.6027,20,22.7397,16.9399,19.726,24.1096,21.9178,20.4918,21.0959,17.8082,18.6301,16.6667,23.2877,18.3562,12.3288,13.1148,13.9726,7.67123,18.0822,16.9399,12.6027,7.39726,12.0548,4.91803,6.57534,9.86301,7.94521,6.55738,8.49315,14.2466,8.24176,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Neptune and the Sun"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Dallas"
# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)
# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)Reuseable content
You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.
For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."
When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.
Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.
Download images for these variables:
- High resolution line chart
The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape. - High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
- Alternative high resolution line chart
- Scatterplot
- Portable line chart (png)
- Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
- Line chart for only The distance between Neptune and the Sun
- Line chart for only Air pollution in Dallas
- AI-generated correlation image
- The spurious research paper: Neptune's Lament: The Celestial Connection to Pollution Puzzles in Dallas
Thanks for being the explorer we needed!
Correlation ID: 2894 · Black Variable ID: 1932 · Red Variable ID: 20511
