Spurious correlation #2,884 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and the second variable is Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and the second variable is Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

AI explanation

As the air became cleaner, the drama in the show just couldn't compete with the fresh, real-life air drama happening around the viewers.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie, showing a picturesque cityscape of Trenton, New Jersey with clear blue skies and vibrant green parks. People are joyfully strolling and enjoying the fresh air, surrounded by picturesque buildings and cheerful surroundings. The scene exudes a sense of community and connection as residents opt to revel in the revitalized outdoor environment instead of remaining indoors. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Oragami Cyberpunk Concept art An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie Vaporwave
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives, in the following situation: Because the decrease in air pollution led to clearer skies, more people in Trenton started spending time outdoors instead of watching TV, causing a drop in Days of Our Lives viewership count.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: The clear skies over Trenton, New Jersey revealed the city in a new light, with people strolling in the park and enjoying the fresh air, rather than staying indoors to watch TV. As a result, the viewership count for Days of Our Lives dwindled, as more and more residents chose to experience the improved air quality and scenery outside.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: The clear skies over Trenton, New Jersey revealed the city in a new light, with people strolling in the park and enjoying the fresh air, rather than staying indoors to watch TV. As a result, the viewership count for Days of Our Lives dwindled, as more and more residents chose to experience the improved air quality and scenery outside. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie, showing a picturesque cityscape of Trenton, New Jersey with clear blue skies and vibrant green parks. People are joyfully strolling and enjoying the fresh air, surrounded by picturesque buildings and cheerful surroundings. The scene exudes a sense of community and connection as residents opt to revel in the revitalized outdoor environment instead of remaining indoors.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey caused Viewership count for Days of Our Lives to decrease.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives

The Journal of Environmental Soap Opera Studies

Jan 2024

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Air pollution has been a pressing issue in many urban areas, but its potential impact on television viewership has been largely unexplored. In this study, we dive into the intriguing realm of soap operas and air quality to investigate the correlation between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia were analyzed, leading to the identification of a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) for the period from 1980 to 2021. Our findings suggest a strong positive relationship between higher levels of air pollution and increased viewership of the show, possibly indicative of viewers seeking refuge indoors from the smog. These unexpected results raise fascinating questions about the effects of environmental factors on entertainment preferences and highlight the need for further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
In the bustling world of academia, we often find ourselves consumed by weighty matters such as climate change, public health, and economic trends. Yet, in the midst of this scholarly turmoil, there exists a peculiar enigma that had largely escaped the keen eyes of researchers - the curious relationship between air pollution and the viewership count for soap operas. While some may dismiss this as the stuff of mundane everyday life, we embarked on a whimsical journey to uncover the intriguing correlation between the smog-filled skies of Trenton, New Jersey, and the dramatic escapades of the residents of Salem in "Days of Our Lives".
Seldom do we encounter a connection as seemingly far-fetched as the one before us. However, as inquisitive academics, we refused to let this peculiar relationship slip through the cracks without a thorough investigation. The protagonist of our story, air pollution, plays a villainous role in urban areas, infiltrating our lungs and leaving us breathless with concern. On the other hand, our supporting character, the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives", has captivated audiences for decades with its tales of love, betrayal, and undoubtedly, the occasional over-the-top plot twist.
Our quest began with a hunch, a hunch that whispered in the winds of the polluted skies of Trenton, luring us into a world where smog and soap operas collide. As we delved into the depths of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and embarked on a thrilling adventure through the annals of Wikipedia, we emerged with findings that left us astounded, puzzled, and frankly, a tad amused.
The correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) that emerged from our meticulous analysis beckoned us to question the very nature of entertainment preferences and the influence of environmental factors on our viewing habits. Could it be that amidst the haze of air pollution, the residents of Trenton sought solace in the dramatic narratives of "Days of Our Lives"? We were tickled by the possibility that perhaps the hazy skies nudged viewers indoors, where they could indulge in a bit of melodramatic distraction from the outdoor air quality.
And so, dear readers, we invite you to join us on this whimsical journey as we unpack the unsuspecting connection between the bold and the smoggy. We hope to shed light on this surprising correlation and inspire further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.
In this paper, we present the compelling evidence that emerged from our investigation, inviting you to glimpse the peculiar dance between air pollution and daytime television drama. As we peer into this unexpected nexus, let us embrace the mirth and fascination that arises when seemingly divergent worlds collide.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In their seminal work, Smith et al. (2015) explored the impact of air pollution on urban populations, focusing primarily on respiratory health outcomes and economic repercussions. Their study set the stage for understanding the pervasive influence of air quality on individuals' daily lives and broader societal well-being. However, what these esteemed researchers may not have anticipated is the unexpected escapade we are about to embark upon - the whimsical investigation of the correlation between air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for "Days of Our Lives".

Building upon this foundation, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the intricate dynamics of television viewership and its relationship to social and environmental factors. Their thorough analysis shed light on the nuanced interplay between entertainment preferences and contextual influences, setting the scene for our offbeat exploration into the mysterious connection between smog-filled skies and daytime soap operas. Little did this illustrious pair of scholars realize that their inquiries would inspire our peculiar journey into the captivating world of melodramatic television narratives and environmental intrigue.

Turning to non-fiction literature that considers urban air quality and its societal ramifications, we find "The Air We Breathe" by Brooks (2019) providing a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by air pollution in densely populated regions. While this work may offer insightful discussions on public health and environmental policy, it pales in comparison to the thrilling plot twists and cliffhangers that await us in the riveting tale of air pollution and soap opera viewership.

In a similar vein, "The Polluted City" by Green (2020) delves into the multifaceted complexities of urban pollution, illuminating the struggles faced by residents in polluted urban centers. Yet, amidst the haze of environmental distress, a different kind of drama unfolds in the lives of soap opera characters, drawing us deeper into the enigmatic intrigue of this unexplored correlation.

Shifting gears to fiction literature, we encounter novels such as "Smog Over Salem" by Misty Rain and "The Bold and the Polluted" by Rose Thorn, titles that, while entirely fictitious, tantalizingly tease at the intersection of environmental contamination and daytime drama. As we wade through this nonsensical landscape of literary puns and imaginary connections, we cannot help but be bewitched by the whimsical allure of our peculiar research endeavor.

In the realm of popular culture, the memetic phenomenon of "Airing Dirty Laundry" has not escaped our notice. This viral internet meme humorously juxtaposes images of air pollution with scenes from soap operas, playfully hinting at the uncanny resonance between environmental degradation and melodramatic plotlines. The digital sphere, it seems, has also caught wind of the curious entanglement between the "bold and the smoggy", offering a lighthearted nod to the peculiar tangents of our scholarly pursuit.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia . You used data from 1980 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Air pollution has been a pressing issue in many urban areas, but its potential impact on television viewership has been largely unexplored. In this study, we dive into the intriguing realm of soap operas and air quality to investigate the correlation between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia were analyzed, leading to the identification of a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) for the period from 1980 to 2021. Our findings suggest a strong positive relationship between higher levels of air pollution and increased viewership of the show, possibly indicative of viewers seeking refuge indoors from the smog. These unexpected results raise fascinating questions about the effects of environmental factors on entertainment preferences and highlight the need for further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Introduction
In the bustling world of academia, we often find ourselves consumed by weighty matters such as climate change, public health, and economic trends. Yet, in the midst of this scholarly turmoil, there exists a peculiar enigma that had largely escaped the keen eyes of researchers - the curious relationship between air pollution and the viewership count for soap operas. While some may dismiss this as the stuff of mundane everyday life, we embarked on a whimsical journey to uncover the intriguing correlation between the smog-filled skies of Trenton, New Jersey, and the dramatic escapades of the residents of Salem in "Days of Our Lives".
Seldom do we encounter a connection as seemingly far-fetched as the one before us. However, as inquisitive academics, we refused to let this peculiar relationship slip through the cracks without a thorough investigation. The protagonist of our story, air pollution, plays a villainous role in urban areas, infiltrating our lungs and leaving us breathless with concern. On the other hand, our supporting character, the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives", has captivated audiences for decades with its tales of love, betrayal, and undoubtedly, the occasional over-the-top plot twist.
Our quest began with a hunch, a hunch that whispered in the winds of the polluted skies of Trenton, luring us into a world where smog and soap operas collide. As we delved into the depths of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and embarked on a thrilling adventure through the annals of Wikipedia, we emerged with findings that left us astounded, puzzled, and frankly, a tad amused.
The correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) that emerged from our meticulous analysis beckoned us to question the very nature of entertainment preferences and the influence of environmental factors on our viewing habits. Could it be that amidst the haze of air pollution, the residents of Trenton sought solace in the dramatic narratives of "Days of Our Lives"? We were tickled by the possibility that perhaps the hazy skies nudged viewers indoors, where they could indulge in a bit of melodramatic distraction from the outdoor air quality.
And so, dear readers, we invite you to join us on this whimsical journey as we unpack the unsuspecting connection between the bold and the smoggy. We hope to shed light on this surprising correlation and inspire further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.
In this paper, we present the compelling evidence that emerged from our investigation, inviting you to glimpse the peculiar dance between air pollution and daytime television drama. As we peer into this unexpected nexus, let us embrace the mirth and fascination that arises when seemingly divergent worlds collide.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In this whimsical expedition into the uncharted territory of air pollution and soap opera viewership, our research team employed a combination of traditional data collection methods and a sprinkle of unorthodox creativity. Our data, akin to a treasure trove waiting to be unearthed, comprised air quality measurements from the Environmental Protection Agency for Trenton, New Jersey, and viewership data for "Days of Our Lives" sourced from the noble halls of Wikipedia. The time span of the investigation serendipitously stretched from 1980 to 2021, allowing us to embark on a breathtaking journey through decades of intriguing environmental and television data.

To measure the ever-fluctuating levels of air pollution, we faithfully pored over the comprehensive records of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations, carbon monoxide levels, sulfur dioxide emissions, and nitrogen dioxide levels in Trenton. These data, like the supporting cast of a soap opera, each played a pivotal role in our investigation, bringing their own unique flair to the unfolding drama. Our diligent efforts to capture the essence of Trenton's smog-filled skies culminated in a robust dataset that reflected the ebb and flow of air quality over the years.

On the other end of the spectrum, our quest to grasp the nuances of soap opera fandom led us to the enigmatic realm of online viewership statistics. Navigating the labyrinthine corridors of Wikipedia, our valiant researchers meticulously gathered viewership counts for "Days of Our Lives". It was a task akin to unraveling a convoluted plotline, as we sifted through the twists and turns of television ratings to extract the core essence of viewers' engagement with the show.

Now, dear readers, let us lift the curtain and reveal a glimpse of the unconventional tools and techniques that fueled our expedition. To unearth the underlying patterns between air pollution and soap opera viewership, we unleashed the formidable power of correlation analysis. With the stalwart aid of statistical software, we forged ahead, assessing the degree of association between the fluctuating levels of air pollutants and the fervent viewership-counts of "Days of Our Lives". Each click of the mouse served as a step closer to unraveling the mysterious bond between the smoggy skies of Trenton and the alluring intrigue of soap opera storytelling.

In essence, our methodology embodied a delightful fusion of steadfast data collection, unwavering statistical analysis, and a dash of whimsical imagination. With these unconventional ingredients in hand, we gallantly ventured into uncharted territories and emerged with fascinating insights to share with the academic realm.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia .

For the time period 1980 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8456551, r-squared of 0.7151326, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Air pollution has been a pressing issue in many urban areas, but its potential impact on television viewership has been largely unexplored. In this study, we dive into the intriguing realm of soap operas and air quality to investigate the correlation between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia were analyzed, leading to the identification of a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) for the period from 1980 to 2021. Our findings suggest a strong positive relationship between higher levels of air pollution and increased viewership of the show, possibly indicative of viewers seeking refuge indoors from the smog. These unexpected results raise fascinating questions about the effects of environmental factors on entertainment preferences and highlight the need for further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Introduction
In the bustling world of academia, we often find ourselves consumed by weighty matters such as climate change, public health, and economic trends. Yet, in the midst of this scholarly turmoil, there exists a peculiar enigma that had largely escaped the keen eyes of researchers - the curious relationship between air pollution and the viewership count for soap operas. While some may dismiss this as the stuff of mundane everyday life, we embarked on a whimsical journey to uncover the intriguing correlation between the smog-filled skies of Trenton, New Jersey, and the dramatic escapades of the residents of Salem in "Days of Our Lives".
Seldom do we encounter a connection as seemingly far-fetched as the one before us. However, as inquisitive academics, we refused to let this peculiar relationship slip through the cracks without a thorough investigation. The protagonist of our story, air pollution, plays a villainous role in urban areas, infiltrating our lungs and leaving us breathless with concern. On the other hand, our supporting character, the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives", has captivated audiences for decades with its tales of love, betrayal, and undoubtedly, the occasional over-the-top plot twist.
Our quest began with a hunch, a hunch that whispered in the winds of the polluted skies of Trenton, luring us into a world where smog and soap operas collide. As we delved into the depths of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and embarked on a thrilling adventure through the annals of Wikipedia, we emerged with findings that left us astounded, puzzled, and frankly, a tad amused.
The correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) that emerged from our meticulous analysis beckoned us to question the very nature of entertainment preferences and the influence of environmental factors on our viewing habits. Could it be that amidst the haze of air pollution, the residents of Trenton sought solace in the dramatic narratives of "Days of Our Lives"? We were tickled by the possibility that perhaps the hazy skies nudged viewers indoors, where they could indulge in a bit of melodramatic distraction from the outdoor air quality.
And so, dear readers, we invite you to join us on this whimsical journey as we unpack the unsuspecting connection between the bold and the smoggy. We hope to shed light on this surprising correlation and inspire further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.
In this paper, we present the compelling evidence that emerged from our investigation, inviting you to glimpse the peculiar dance between air pollution and daytime television drama. As we peer into this unexpected nexus, let us embrace the mirth and fascination that arises when seemingly divergent worlds collide.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data collected from 1980 to 2021 yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8456551, indicating a strong positive relationship between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the soap opera "Days of Our Lives". The r-squared value of 0.7151326 further emphasizes the robustness of this association, suggesting that approximately 71.5% of the variability in viewership count can be explained by changes in air pollution levels. The p-value of less than 0.01 solidifies the statistical significance of the observed correlation, confirming that the relationship is unlikely to have occurred by chance.

The results, illustrated in Fig. 1, depict a striking scatterplot highlighting the substantial positive correlation between air pollution levels and "Days of Our Lives" viewership. One can almost imagine the smog particles joining hands with soap bubbles, dancing in a waltz of statistical significance. If only correlation could be visualized in the form of floating soap bubbles anchored to pollution particles, it would truly be a sight to behold! Alas, science has not yet advanced to that level of whimsicality.

The findings of this study challenge conventional wisdom and offer a thought-provoking perspective on the interplay between environmental factors and entertainment choices. It appears that the residents of Trenton, in the throes of smog and haze, sought solace in the emotional rollercoaster of daytime soap opera drama. As the air quality diminished outside, the allure of the melodramatic narratives inside seemed to grow stronger, drawing viewers into the comforting embrace of televised intrigue.

These unexpected results prompt contemplation on the intricate relationships between air quality, leisure activities, and the idiosyncrasies of human behavior. The allure of "Days of Our Lives" appeared to intensify alongside rising levels of air pollution, suggesting a hitherto unexplored coping mechanism for navigating through environmental challenges. It seems that the smoggier the skies, the soapier the scenes that captured the hearts of Trenton's inhabitants. Perhaps it was the need for a narrative escape from the suffocating smog that propelled individuals to tune in faithfully to the soap opera saga.

This unanticipated nexus between air pollution and soap opera viewership beckons researchers to delve further into the whimsical juxtaposition of environmental dynamics and entertainment preferences. The ramifications extend beyond the confines of academic discourse, venturing into the realm of everyday curiosities and the charming eccentricities of human behavior. As we unravel the enigmatic connection between the bold and the smoggy, we invite fellow scholars to join us in this delightful foray into the unlikely convergence of air pollution and daytime television drama.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Air pollution has been a pressing issue in many urban areas, but its potential impact on television viewership has been largely unexplored. In this study, we dive into the intriguing realm of soap operas and air quality to investigate the correlation between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia were analyzed, leading to the identification of a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) for the period from 1980 to 2021. Our findings suggest a strong positive relationship between higher levels of air pollution and increased viewership of the show, possibly indicative of viewers seeking refuge indoors from the smog. These unexpected results raise fascinating questions about the effects of environmental factors on entertainment preferences and highlight the need for further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In their seminal work, Smith et al. (2015) explored the impact of air pollution on urban populations, focusing primarily on respiratory health outcomes and economic repercussions. Their study set the stage for understanding the pervasive influence of air quality on individuals' daily lives and broader societal well-being. However, what these esteemed researchers may not have anticipated is the unexpected escapade we are about to embark upon - the whimsical investigation of the correlation between air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for "Days of Our Lives".
Building upon this foundation, Doe and Jones (2018) delved into the intricate dynamics of television viewership and its relationship to social and environmental factors. Their thorough analysis shed light on the nuanced interplay between entertainment preferences and contextual influences, setting the scene for our offbeat exploration into the mysterious connection between smog-filled skies and daytime soap operas. Little did this illustrious pair of scholars realize that their inquiries would inspire our peculiar journey into the captivating world of melodramatic television narratives and environmental intrigue.
Turning to non-fiction literature that considers urban air quality and its societal ramifications, we find "The Air We Breathe" by Brooks (2019) providing a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by air pollution in densely populated regions. While this work may offer insightful discussions on public health and environmental policy, it pales in comparison to the thrilling plot twists and cliffhangers that await us in the riveting tale of air pollution and soap opera viewership.
In a similar vein, "The Polluted City" by Green (2020) delves into the multifaceted complexities of urban pollution, illuminating the struggles faced by residents in polluted urban centers. Yet, amidst the haze of environmental distress, a different kind of drama unfolds in the lives of soap opera characters, drawing us deeper into the enigmatic intrigue of this unexplored correlation.
Shifting gears to fiction literature, we encounter novels such as "Smog Over Salem" by Misty Rain and "The Bold and the Polluted" by Rose Thorn, titles that, while entirely fictitious, tantalizingly tease at the intersection of environmental contamination and daytime drama. As we wade through this nonsensical landscape of literary puns and imaginary connections, we cannot help but be bewitched by the whimsical allure of our peculiar research endeavor.
In the realm of popular culture, the memetic phenomenon of "Airing Dirty Laundry" has not escaped our notice. This viral internet meme humorously juxtaposes images of air pollution with scenes from soap operas, playfully hinting at the uncanny resonance between environmental degradation and melodramatic plotlines. The digital sphere, it seems, has also caught wind of the curious entanglement between the "bold and the smoggy", offering a lighthearted nod to the peculiar tangents of our scholarly pursuit.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from 1980 to 2021 yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8456551, indicating a strong positive relationship between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the soap opera "Days of Our Lives". The r-squared value of 0.7151326 further emphasizes the robustness of this association, suggesting that approximately 71.5% of the variability in viewership count can be explained by changes in air pollution levels. The p-value of less than 0.01 solidifies the statistical significance of the observed correlation, confirming that the relationship is unlikely to have occurred by chance.
The results, illustrated in Fig. 1, depict a striking scatterplot highlighting the substantial positive correlation between air pollution levels and "Days of Our Lives" viewership. One can almost imagine the smog particles joining hands with soap bubbles, dancing in a waltz of statistical significance. If only correlation could be visualized in the form of floating soap bubbles anchored to pollution particles, it would truly be a sight to behold! Alas, science has not yet advanced to that level of whimsicality.
The findings of this study challenge conventional wisdom and offer a thought-provoking perspective on the interplay between environmental factors and entertainment choices. It appears that the residents of Trenton, in the throes of smog and haze, sought solace in the emotional rollercoaster of daytime soap opera drama. As the air quality diminished outside, the allure of the melodramatic narratives inside seemed to grow stronger, drawing viewers into the comforting embrace of televised intrigue.
These unexpected results prompt contemplation on the intricate relationships between air quality, leisure activities, and the idiosyncrasies of human behavior. The allure of "Days of Our Lives" appeared to intensify alongside rising levels of air pollution, suggesting a hitherto unexplored coping mechanism for navigating through environmental challenges. It seems that the smoggier the skies, the soapier the scenes that captured the hearts of Trenton's inhabitants. Perhaps it was the need for a narrative escape from the suffocating smog that propelled individuals to tune in faithfully to the soap opera saga.
This unanticipated nexus between air pollution and soap opera viewership beckons researchers to delve further into the whimsical juxtaposition of environmental dynamics and entertainment preferences. The ramifications extend beyond the confines of academic discourse, venturing into the realm of everyday curiosities and the charming eccentricities of human behavior. As we unravel the enigmatic connection between the bold and the smoggy, we invite fellow scholars to join us in this delightful foray into the unlikely convergence of air pollution and daytime television drama.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The whimsical tale of the correlation between air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for "Days of Our Lives" has unfolded before our eyes, revealing intriguing insights into the cheeky confluence of environmental factors and soap opera fandom. In this discussion, we embark on a delightful journey through the hazy landscape of our unexpected findings, drawing upon prior research that, despite its serious intent, unwittingly paved the way for our humorous escapade.

Oh, the irony! Smith et al. (2015) may have set out to unravel the ramifications of air pollution on urban populations, but little did they anticipate the aromatic aroma of melodrama that would waft into our scholarly discourse. Nevertheless, their diligent groundwork in understanding the pervasive influence of air quality lent credence to our unorthodox investigation, providing a solid foundation for our peculiar foray into the correlations of smog and soap operas.

Doe and Jones (2018), with their earnest investigation into the intricate dynamics of television viewership, inadvertently primed the stage for our offbeat exploration. The in-depth analysis of entertainment preferences and contextual influences they so meticulously examined could not have foreseen the uproarious quandary we would soon delve into, as the saga of air pollution and soap opera viewership unfolded with astonishing flair.

Turning to our results, the steadfast correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 aligned neatly with the humorous undertones of our study, echoing the previously unanticipated correlations lurking beneath the smog of Trenton’s air. The robust statistical significance of the observed relationship, closely mirrored by the soap bubble-pollution particle waltz in Fig. 1, served as a comical testament to the uncharted dimensions of environmental whimsy that permeate the world of entertainment.

Our findings' staunch support of prior scholarly discourse underscores the unexpected resonance between air pollution and soap opera viewership, inviting us to ponder the playful juxtaposition of environmental distress and melodramatic refuge. The peculiar tangents of our study beckon fellow scholars to join us in the merriment of unraveling the enigmatic connection between the "bold and the smoggy". For as we wade through the nonchalant mists of air pollution and soap opera intrigue, we find ourselves entangled in the whimsical embrace of scholarly absurdity.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership count for Days of Our Lives. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Air pollution has been a pressing issue in many urban areas, but its potential impact on television viewership has been largely unexplored. In this study, we dive into the intriguing realm of soap operas and air quality to investigate the correlation between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia were analyzed, leading to the identification of a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) for the period from 1980 to 2021. Our findings suggest a strong positive relationship between higher levels of air pollution and increased viewership of the show, possibly indicative of viewers seeking refuge indoors from the smog. These unexpected results raise fascinating questions about the effects of environmental factors on entertainment preferences and highlight the need for further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Introduction
In the bustling world of academia, we often find ourselves consumed by weighty matters such as climate change, public health, and economic trends. Yet, in the midst of this scholarly turmoil, there exists a peculiar enigma that had largely escaped the keen eyes of researchers - the curious relationship between air pollution and the viewership count for soap operas. While some may dismiss this as the stuff of mundane everyday life, we embarked on a whimsical journey to uncover the intriguing correlation between the smog-filled skies of Trenton, New Jersey, and the dramatic escapades of the residents of Salem in "Days of Our Lives".
Seldom do we encounter a connection as seemingly far-fetched as the one before us. However, as inquisitive academics, we refused to let this peculiar relationship slip through the cracks without a thorough investigation. The protagonist of our story, air pollution, plays a villainous role in urban areas, infiltrating our lungs and leaving us breathless with concern. On the other hand, our supporting character, the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives", has captivated audiences for decades with its tales of love, betrayal, and undoubtedly, the occasional over-the-top plot twist.
Our quest began with a hunch, a hunch that whispered in the winds of the polluted skies of Trenton, luring us into a world where smog and soap operas collide. As we delved into the depths of environmental data from the Environmental Protection Agency and embarked on a thrilling adventure through the annals of Wikipedia, we emerged with findings that left us astounded, puzzled, and frankly, a tad amused.
The correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) that emerged from our meticulous analysis beckoned us to question the very nature of entertainment preferences and the influence of environmental factors on our viewing habits. Could it be that amidst the haze of air pollution, the residents of Trenton sought solace in the dramatic narratives of "Days of Our Lives"? We were tickled by the possibility that perhaps the hazy skies nudged viewers indoors, where they could indulge in a bit of melodramatic distraction from the outdoor air quality.
And so, dear readers, we invite you to join us on this whimsical journey as we unpack the unsuspecting connection between the bold and the smoggy. We hope to shed light on this surprising correlation and inspire further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.
In this paper, we present the compelling evidence that emerged from our investigation, inviting you to glimpse the peculiar dance between air pollution and daytime television drama. As we peer into this unexpected nexus, let us embrace the mirth and fascination that arises when seemingly divergent worlds collide.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from 1980 to 2021 yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8456551, indicating a strong positive relationship between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the soap opera "Days of Our Lives". The r-squared value of 0.7151326 further emphasizes the robustness of this association, suggesting that approximately 71.5% of the variability in viewership count can be explained by changes in air pollution levels. The p-value of less than 0.01 solidifies the statistical significance of the observed correlation, confirming that the relationship is unlikely to have occurred by chance.
The results, illustrated in Fig. 1, depict a striking scatterplot highlighting the substantial positive correlation between air pollution levels and "Days of Our Lives" viewership. One can almost imagine the smog particles joining hands with soap bubbles, dancing in a waltz of statistical significance. If only correlation could be visualized in the form of floating soap bubbles anchored to pollution particles, it would truly be a sight to behold! Alas, science has not yet advanced to that level of whimsicality.
The findings of this study challenge conventional wisdom and offer a thought-provoking perspective on the interplay between environmental factors and entertainment choices. It appears that the residents of Trenton, in the throes of smog and haze, sought solace in the emotional rollercoaster of daytime soap opera drama. As the air quality diminished outside, the allure of the melodramatic narratives inside seemed to grow stronger, drawing viewers into the comforting embrace of televised intrigue.
These unexpected results prompt contemplation on the intricate relationships between air quality, leisure activities, and the idiosyncrasies of human behavior. The allure of "Days of Our Lives" appeared to intensify alongside rising levels of air pollution, suggesting a hitherto unexplored coping mechanism for navigating through environmental challenges. It seems that the smoggier the skies, the soapier the scenes that captured the hearts of Trenton's inhabitants. Perhaps it was the need for a narrative escape from the suffocating smog that propelled individuals to tune in faithfully to the soap opera saga.
This unanticipated nexus between air pollution and soap opera viewership beckons researchers to delve further into the whimsical juxtaposition of environmental dynamics and entertainment preferences. The ramifications extend beyond the confines of academic discourse, venturing into the realm of everyday curiosities and the charming eccentricities of human behavior. As we unravel the enigmatic connection between the bold and the smoggy, we invite fellow scholars to join us in this delightful foray into the unlikely convergence of air pollution and daytime television drama.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study delves into the captivating correlation between air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the enduring soap opera "Days of Our Lives". The findings unearth a remarkable association, with the smoggy skies seemingly casting their spell on the hearts of avid soap opera enthusiasts. As we mused over the peculiar connection between pollution particles and melodramatic plotlines, it became evident that the smoggier the skies, the soapier the scenes that captivated the residents of Trenton. It's almost as if the hazy air whispered, "Come indoors, and let the dramatic charm of Salem unfold before you."

The statistical analysis unveiled a robust correlation coefficient of 0.8456551, underscoring the compelling relationship between air pollution levels and soap opera viewership. The scatterplot, a visual testament to this unlikely affair, paints a whimsical picture of smog particles dancing with soap bubbles in a waltz of statistical significance. If only statistical significance could materialize in the form of a scented candle, combining the aroma of ozone with a hint of intrigue - ah, the whimsy of scientific visualization!

Our investigation beckons further exploration into the delightful interplay of environmental factors and leisure preferences. However, in the spirit of scholarly jest, we cannot help but chuckle at the thought of viewers seeking refuge from the polluted outdoors in the salacious dramas of "Days of Our Lives". It seems that as the smog thickened, so did the plot. Who knew that environmental turmoil could spark an ascent in daytime television enthusiasm?

As we bid adieu to this quirky saga of air pollution and soap opera fandom, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. For who can truly fathom the depths of the whimsical mysteries that underpin the realm of entertainment and environmental influence? Let this conclusion stand as a comical ode to the unexpected, a testament to the whimsy of scholarly pursuits, and a lighthearted nudge to embrace the delightful absurdities that lie at the intersection of science and mirth.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Environmental Soap Opera Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Soap Opera and Environmental Research (CSOER)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives with an abstract of Air pollution has been a pressing issue in many urban areas, but its potential impact on television viewership has been largely unexplored. In this study, we dive into the intriguing realm of soap operas and air quality to investigate the correlation between air pollution levels in Trenton, New Jersey, and the viewership count for the long-running soap opera "Days of Our Lives". Data from the Environmental Protection Agency and Wikipedia were analyzed, leading to the identification of a significant correlation coefficient of 0.8456551 (p < 0.01) for the period from 1980 to 2021. Our findings suggest a strong positive relationship between higher levels of air pollution and increased viewership of the show, possibly indicative of viewers seeking refuge indoors from the smog. These unexpected results raise fascinating questions about the effects of environmental factors on entertainment preferences and highlight the need for further investigation into the quirky intersections of air quality and soap opera fandom.

ChatGPT:

Trenton New Jersey, air pollution, viewership, Days of Our Lives, soap opera, environmental impact, television, entertainment preferences, EPA data, correlation analysis, urban air quality, environmental factors, indoor activities, smog refuge

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with air quality at 'unhealthy for sensitive groups' or worse in Trenton, NJ
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey

Viewership count for Days of Our Lives
Detailed data title: Metered viewership count for Days of Our Lives
Source: Wikipedia
See what else correlates with Viewership count for Days of Our Lives

Correlation r = 0.8456551 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7151326 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 71.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Viewership count for Days of Our Lives) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey) over the 42 years from 1980 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.8E-12.^Show 0.0000000000018189759514033217
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.85 in 1.8E-10% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 549,759,879,579 random variables^Note You don't actually need 549 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 41 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 41 because we have two variables measured over a period of 42 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.73, 0.91 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey (Bad air quality days)	20.1166	11.2392	13.4111	17.4419	12.8415	14.7945	14.7945	15.493	15.0273	10.411	13.1507	21.3699	10.6557	16.9863	13.9726	13.6986	9.89011	10.137	15.0685	13.6986	7.65027	11.2329	15.3425	6.57534	4.91803	7.39726	8.21918	9.86301	4.91803	1.64384	9.0411	3.56164	5.46448	0.821918	1.64384	2.73973	3.55191	1.09589	1.91781	0.547945	0.819672	1.91781
Viewership count for Days of Our Lives (Nielson share)	5600000	5500000	5700000	7100000	7100000	7200000	7000000	7100000	6500000	5400000	5200000	5400000	4900000	5600000	5300000	5800000	5800000	5100000	5800000	4200000	3800000	3600000	3100000	3100000	2700000	2600000	2300000	2100000	2200000	2200000	2000000	2000000	2100000	1900000	2050000	1800000	1600000	1600000	1600000	1400000	1200000	1200000

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([20.1166,11.2392,13.4111,17.4419,12.8415,14.7945,14.7945,15.493,15.0273,10.411,13.1507,21.3699,10.6557,16.9863,13.9726,13.6986,9.89011,10.137,15.0685,13.6986,7.65027,11.2329,15.3425,6.57534,4.91803,7.39726,8.21918,9.86301,4.91803,1.64384,9.0411,3.56164,5.46448,0.821918,1.64384,2.73973,3.55191,1.09589,1.91781,0.547945,0.819672,1.91781,])
array_2 = np.array([5600000,5500000,5700000,7100000,7100000,7200000,7000000,7100000,6500000,5400000,5200000,5400000,4900000,5600000,5300000,5800000,5800000,5100000,5800000,4200000,3800000,3600000,3100000,3100000,2700000,2600000,2300000,2100000,2200000,2200000,2000000,2000000,2100000,1900000,2050000,1800000,1600000,1600000,1600000,1400000,1200000,1200000,])
array_1_name = "Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey"
array_2_name = "Viewership count for Days of Our Lives"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Air pollution in Trenton, New Jersey
Line chart for only Viewership count for Days of Our Lives
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The spurious research paper: The Bold and the Smoggy: Investigating the Relationship Between Air Pollution in Trenton, New Jersey and Viewership Count for Days of Our Lives

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Correlation ID: 2884 · Black Variable ID: 21351 · Red Variable ID: 87


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