Spurious correlation #2,866 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Barrett and the second variable is Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. The chart goes from 1982 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Barrett and the second variable is Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. The chart goes from 1982 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of Barretts rose, so did the demand for personalized "Barrett" license plates. This led to an influx of cars in Grants Pass, Oregon, ultimately revving up air pollution levels.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generating an image using DALL·E-3 could create a realistic scene set in Grants Pass, Oregon, with bustling streets filled with numerous cars and people named Barrett. The depiction would show a dense cityscape with traffic congestion, portraying a hazy atmosphere caused by the pollution and increased car emissions. The illustration could illustrate the energy and movement of the city, capturing the essence of daily life in Grants Pass. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Barrett and Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Magic realism a funny image you would see on reddit Realistic Woodblock painting Low poly
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Barrett and Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon, in the following situation: Because as the popularity of the first name Barrett increased, more people started "barreting" around in their cars, leading to an increase in air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Grants Pass, Oregon, the streets were bustling with cars as more and more people named Barrett were out and about, "barreting" around. The air was thick with pollution, and a haze hung over the city as a result of the increase in car emissions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: In Grants Pass, Oregon, the streets were bustling with cars as more and more people named Barrett were out and about, "barreting" around. The air was thick with pollution, and a haze hung over the city as a result of the increase in car emissions. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generating an image using DALL·E-3 could create a realistic scene set in Grants Pass, Oregon, with bustling streets filled with numerous cars and people named Barrett. The depiction would show a dense cityscape with traffic congestion, portraying a hazy atmosphere caused by the pollution and increased car emissions. The illustration could illustrate the energy and movement of the city, capturing the essence of daily life in Grants Pass.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Barrett caused Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

Journal of Environmental Pseudoscience

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Barrett and Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some movies that you watched that are tangentially related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Drawing on data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, a rigorous analysis was conducted to investigate this seemingly preposterous connection. Surprisingly, our findings reveal a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 with p < 0.01, spanning the years 1982 to 2022. Despite initial skepticism, our research provides compelling evidence that there is indeed a curious association between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the levels of air pollutants in this particular geographic region. The implications of this unexpected correlation warrant further examination and perhaps a few head-scratching conversations among name enthusiasts and environmentalists alike.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The study of human behavior has always been an enthralling subject, often revealing the most unexpected and unusual connections. However, few would have predicted that the popularity of a first name in a small town could be linked to the ambient air pollution levels. In this study, we delve into the enigmatic correlation between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the presence of air pollutants in Grants Pass, Oregon. The conundrum at hand has puzzled researchers and skeptics alike, prompting us to unravel this mysterious link and shed light on a peculiar intersection of nomenclature and environmental factors.
Grants Pass, nestled in the picturesque Rogue Valley of Southern Oregon, serves as the backdrop for this distinctive investigation. Known for its scenic beauty and as the "grower of the world's finest pears," this seemingly idyllic town has become the unlikely setting for our exploration into the "Barrett phenomenon." The chosen timeframe of our analysis, spanning from 1982 to 2022, provides a comprehensive look at the evolution of this quizzical association, offering a wealth of data to scrutinize and ponder over.
As we embark on this unconventional investigation, it is essential to acknowledge the initial incredulity and amusement that accompanied the proposal of this research. The sheer absurdity of the hypothesis led to many lighthearted jibes and quizzical glances from our colleagues, which only added to the intrigue and determination to uncover any semblance of a meaningful relationship between these disparate elements. While this line of inquiry may seem whimsical at first glance, the statistical significance of our findings has given rise to a more thoughtful consideration of the potential implications and the need for further inquiry into this curious correlation.
With a touch of skepticism and a healthy dose of curiosity, let us embark on this peculiar journey to unravel the curious connection between the name "Barrett" and the unsettling presence of air pollutants in the charming town of Grants Pass, Oregon.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The exploration of unconventional connections between seemingly unrelated variables has been a subject of intrigue and fascination in the realm of academic inquiry. Smith et al. (2010) delved into the intricate relationship between human names and environmental phenomena, unraveling unexpected correlations that defy conventional logic. Meanwhile, Doe (2015) explored the psychological implications of name popularity, shedding light on the subconscious associations and perceptions that individuals hold towards specific names.

Shifting our focus to the realm of popular non-fiction literature, "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner (2005) presents a compelling narrative on the unexpected ramifications of societal trends and behaviors. The book's unconventional exploration of diverse and unrelated topics serves as a poignant reminder of the unforeseen links that underlie seemingly disconnected phenomena. In a similar vein, Malcolm Gladwell's "Outliers: The Story of Success" (2008) prompts readers to reevaluate their understanding of causality and coincidence, emphasizing the subtle interplay between seemingly disparate factors.

On the fiction front, Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code" (2003) vividly depicts the unraveling of cryptic connections and hidden truths, serving as a metaphorical analogy for our own pursuit of unraveling the mysterious ties between name popularity and air pollution. Likewise, Gabriel Garcia Marquez's magical realism masterpiece, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" (1967), evokes the ethereal and enigmatic nature of our inquiry, inviting readers to contemplate the inexplicable and fantastical in the ordinary.

As we venture into the realm of cinema, the film "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs" (2009) presents a whimsical narrative of unanticipated consequences and surreal occurrences, mirroring the unexpected nature of our own findings. Additionally, the timeless classic "The Truman Show" (1998) encapsulates the disorienting sensation of uncovering hidden patterns and connections, serving as a poignant allegory for our investigation into the perplexing "Barrett phenomenon."

In the domain of scholarly research, one is compelled to embrace the unconventional and the incongruous with curiosity and a hint of whimsy, for it is within these unexpected realms that the most peculiar and surprising insights often lurk. With that spirit in mind, let us proceed to unravel the bizarre Barrett phenomenon and its inexplicable association with air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Barrett and Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 1982 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Drawing on data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, a rigorous analysis was conducted to investigate this seemingly preposterous connection. Surprisingly, our findings reveal a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 with p < 0.01, spanning the years 1982 to 2022. Despite initial skepticism, our research provides compelling evidence that there is indeed a curious association between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the levels of air pollutants in this particular geographic region. The implications of this unexpected correlation warrant further examination and perhaps a few head-scratching conversations among name enthusiasts and environmentalists alike.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The study of human behavior has always been an enthralling subject, often revealing the most unexpected and unusual connections. However, few would have predicted that the popularity of a first name in a small town could be linked to the ambient air pollution levels. In this study, we delve into the enigmatic correlation between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the presence of air pollutants in Grants Pass, Oregon. The conundrum at hand has puzzled researchers and skeptics alike, prompting us to unravel this mysterious link and shed light on a peculiar intersection of nomenclature and environmental factors.
Grants Pass, nestled in the picturesque Rogue Valley of Southern Oregon, serves as the backdrop for this distinctive investigation. Known for its scenic beauty and as the "grower of the world's finest pears," this seemingly idyllic town has become the unlikely setting for our exploration into the "Barrett phenomenon." The chosen timeframe of our analysis, spanning from 1982 to 2022, provides a comprehensive look at the evolution of this quizzical association, offering a wealth of data to scrutinize and ponder over.
As we embark on this unconventional investigation, it is essential to acknowledge the initial incredulity and amusement that accompanied the proposal of this research. The sheer absurdity of the hypothesis led to many lighthearted jibes and quizzical glances from our colleagues, which only added to the intrigue and determination to uncover any semblance of a meaningful relationship between these disparate elements. While this line of inquiry may seem whimsical at first glance, the statistical significance of our findings has given rise to a more thoughtful consideration of the potential implications and the need for further inquiry into this curious correlation.
With a touch of skepticism and a healthy dose of curiosity, let us embark on this peculiar journey to unravel the curious connection between the name "Barrett" and the unsettling presence of air pollutants in the charming town of Grants Pass, Oregon.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection:
The data for this research was gathered from the US Social Security Administration's database of baby names and the Environmental Protection Agency's records of air pollutant levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. We utilized a combination of web scraping techniques, data mining, and a few intense staring contests with Excel spreadsheets to compile the necessary information spanning the years 1982 to 2022. The arduous process involved sifting through countless entries of names and pollutant measurements, occasionally pausing to appreciate the sheer absurdity of our endeavor.

Data Analysis:
Our initial data wrangling phase resembled a complex dance routine, as we curated, cleaned, and pre-processed the data to ensure its integrity and reliability. Once the data was suitably tamed, we employed a series of statistical methods, including correlation analysis, regression modeling, and a fair amount of hopeful finger-crossing, to investigate the potential relationship between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the ambient air pollutant levels in Grants Pass. The meticulous nature of our analysis was supplemented by an eclectic soundtrack of motivational tunes and the occasional impromptu interpretive dance to stave off any data-induced drowsiness.

Correlational Analysis:
In our quest to unveil the mysterious connection between the name "Barrett" and air pollution, we calculated correlation coefficients and conducted hypothesis tests with great fervor. The peculiar sight of impeccable rows and columns yielding statistical significance prompted many a quizzical expression and, of course, prompted our team to coin the phrase "Barrett's Air Parity" in a moment of statistical exuberance. Moreover, we employed time-series analysis to unravel the temporal dynamics of this unexpected relationship, which led to numerous tongue-in-cheek references to the "Barrett Effect" echoing through our research laboratory.

Geospatial Analysis:
To discern any potential geographical patterns, we supplemented our analysis with geospatial techniques, visualizing the distribution of air pollutant levels in Grants Pass and their eerie alignment with the ebb and flow of the name "Barrett" across the years. Our geospatial approach imbued our research with a touch of cartographic charm, as we attempted to map out the whimsically convoluted pathways of this unlikely correlation.

Ethical Considerations:
In the pursuit of knowledge, we remained committed to the ethical principles of research, ensuring the confidentiality of personal data and maintaining the utmost respect for the privacy of the "Barretts" and the ambient air particles alike. Our whimsical research journey was complemented by a steadfast dedication to ethical practice, reminding us that even in the face of bizarre correlations, integrity and respect for data subjects are non-negotiable.

Limitations:
While our research presented a captivating exploration of the "Barrett phenomenon," it is important to acknowledge the inherent limitations of our methodology. The confounding variables lurking in the shadows, the potential for spurious correlations, and the enigmatic nature of human nomenclature all served as humbling reminders of the complexity of our investigation. Nevertheless, armed with statistical rigor and a touch of scholarly whimsy, we ventured forth into the uncharted terrain of this beguiling correlation.

In conclusion, our methodology encapsulates the quirky and methodical nature of our research, embracing statistical prowess, a touch of humor, and a willingness to discover meaningful connections in the most unexpected places.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Barrett and Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Drawing on data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, a rigorous analysis was conducted to investigate this seemingly preposterous connection. Surprisingly, our findings reveal a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 with p < 0.01, spanning the years 1982 to 2022. Despite initial skepticism, our research provides compelling evidence that there is indeed a curious association between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the levels of air pollutants in this particular geographic region. The implications of this unexpected correlation warrant further examination and perhaps a few head-scratching conversations among name enthusiasts and environmentalists alike.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The exploration of unconventional connections between seemingly unrelated variables has been a subject of intrigue and fascination in the realm of academic inquiry. Smith et al. (2010) delved into the intricate relationship between human names and environmental phenomena, unraveling unexpected correlations that defy conventional logic. Meanwhile, Doe (2015) explored the psychological implications of name popularity, shedding light on the subconscious associations and perceptions that individuals hold towards specific names.
Shifting our focus to the realm of popular non-fiction literature, "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner (2005) presents a compelling narrative on the unexpected ramifications of societal trends and behaviors. The book's unconventional exploration of diverse and unrelated topics serves as a poignant reminder of the unforeseen links that underlie seemingly disconnected phenomena. In a similar vein, Malcolm Gladwell's "Outliers: The Story of Success" (2008) prompts readers to reevaluate their understanding of causality and coincidence, emphasizing the subtle interplay between seemingly disparate factors.
On the fiction front, Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code" (2003) vividly depicts the unraveling of cryptic connections and hidden truths, serving as a metaphorical analogy for our own pursuit of unraveling the mysterious ties between name popularity and air pollution. Likewise, Gabriel Garcia Marquez's magical realism masterpiece, "One Hundred Years of Solitude" (1967), evokes the ethereal and enigmatic nature of our inquiry, inviting readers to contemplate the inexplicable and fantastical in the ordinary.
As we venture into the realm of cinema, the film "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs" (2009) presents a whimsical narrative of unanticipated consequences and surreal occurrences, mirroring the unexpected nature of our own findings. Additionally, the timeless classic "The Truman Show" (1998) encapsulates the disorienting sensation of uncovering hidden patterns and connections, serving as a poignant allegory for our investigation into the perplexing "Barrett phenomenon."
In the domain of scholarly research, one is compelled to embrace the unconventional and the incongruous with curiosity and a hint of whimsy, for it is within these unexpected realms that the most peculiar and surprising insights often lurk. With that spirit in mind, let us proceed to unravel the bizarre Barrett phenomenon and its inexplicable association with air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a surprisingly robust correlation between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. The correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 indicates a moderately strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. This finding was further supported by the r-squared value of 0.5429574, suggesting that approximately 54% of the variability in air pollution levels can be explained by the frequency of the name "Barrett." The p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that this association is not a mere chance occurrence.
Fig. 1: The scatterplot graphically illustrates the strong correlation between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Each data point represents a specific year within the 1982-2022 timeframe, and the pattern of the plot underscores the remarkable coherence between these variables.
While the initial premise of exploring a connection between a name and environmental factors may have raised a few eyebrows, the statistical significance of our findings compels us to consider the implications of this curious correlation. It is essential to note that correlation does not imply causation. Still, the strength of the statistical relationship warrants further investigation into the underlying mechanisms that might explain this unique association.
The unexpected nature of this correlation, combined with the rigorous statistical analysis, underscores the need for a more in-depth exploration of this phenomenon. Our findings challenge preconceived notions and provoke contemplation on the intricate interplay between individual names and environmental conditions. Indeed, the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon continues to intrigue and beckon further scrutiny, offering a captivating blend of curiosity and statistical significance that defies conventional expectations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

The unexpected and curious correlation between the popularity of the first name Barrett and ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon has spurred vibrant discussions and raised eyebrows among academics and aficionados of unconventional phenomena alike. Our findings, as statistically robust as they may be, unearth a peculiar association that defies conventional logic. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.7368564, complemented by a compelling p-value of less than 0.01, underscores the statistically significant relationship between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and air pollution levels. Such a strong statistical foundation not only reaffirms the unexpected nature of the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon but also underscores the need for further inquiry into the underlying mechanisms at play.

The bizarre connection between a name and environmental factors strikes a chord reminiscent of the unanticipated relationships explored in Smith et al. (2010) and Doe (2015). While these seemingly preposterous correlations may initially appear whimsical, they speak to a deeper truth encapsulated in the sheer unpredictability of human behavior and societal trends. Levitt and Dubner's "Freakonomics" (2005) may have touched upon unexpected ramifications of societal trends and behaviors, but our findings plunge into an entirely different realm of unexpected connections. Indeed, this exploration underlines the unpredictability of human phenomena and the subtle interplay between seemingly unrelated variables.

Our results lend empirical support to the whimsical narrative of unanticipated consequences and surreal occurrences as depicted in the film "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs" (2009). The strength of the statistical relationship discovered in our study prompts a reevaluation of causality and coincidence, resonating with the themes expounded in Gladwell's "Outliers: The Story of Success" (2008). Just as Dan Brown's "The Da Vinci Code" (2003) and Gabriel Garcia Marquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" (1967) beckon readers to contemplate the inexplicable and fantastical in the ordinary, our findings evoke a similar sense of wonder and disbelief at the unexpected correlations that have unfolded.

In a tongue-in-cheek manner, one might be inclined to jest that the environmental fate of a locality is somehow intertwined with the given names of its inhabitants. However, the statistical rigor behind our findings dissuades such flippant musings and demands a more solemn consideration of the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon. While correlation does not imply causation, the robustness of our statistical analysis invites further exploration into the potential mechanisms that underpin this perplexing and enigmatic association.

The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon not only challenges entrenched beliefs but also underscores the need for a more nuanced understanding of societal trends and their unforeseen ramifications. It beckons us to delve into the murky waters of unconventional correlations, using rigorous analytical tools to navigate through the unexpected and the improbable. This quest for understanding promises to uncover insights that defy conventional expectations and invigorate the spirit of inquiry within academia and beyond.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Barrett and Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Drawing on data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, a rigorous analysis was conducted to investigate this seemingly preposterous connection. Surprisingly, our findings reveal a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 with p < 0.01, spanning the years 1982 to 2022. Despite initial skepticism, our research provides compelling evidence that there is indeed a curious association between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the levels of air pollutants in this particular geographic region. The implications of this unexpected correlation warrant further examination and perhaps a few head-scratching conversations among name enthusiasts and environmentalists alike.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The study of human behavior has always been an enthralling subject, often revealing the most unexpected and unusual connections. However, few would have predicted that the popularity of a first name in a small town could be linked to the ambient air pollution levels. In this study, we delve into the enigmatic correlation between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the presence of air pollutants in Grants Pass, Oregon. The conundrum at hand has puzzled researchers and skeptics alike, prompting us to unravel this mysterious link and shed light on a peculiar intersection of nomenclature and environmental factors.
Grants Pass, nestled in the picturesque Rogue Valley of Southern Oregon, serves as the backdrop for this distinctive investigation. Known for its scenic beauty and as the "grower of the world's finest pears," this seemingly idyllic town has become the unlikely setting for our exploration into the "Barrett phenomenon." The chosen timeframe of our analysis, spanning from 1982 to 2022, provides a comprehensive look at the evolution of this quizzical association, offering a wealth of data to scrutinize and ponder over.
As we embark on this unconventional investigation, it is essential to acknowledge the initial incredulity and amusement that accompanied the proposal of this research. The sheer absurdity of the hypothesis led to many lighthearted jibes and quizzical glances from our colleagues, which only added to the intrigue and determination to uncover any semblance of a meaningful relationship between these disparate elements. While this line of inquiry may seem whimsical at first glance, the statistical significance of our findings has given rise to a more thoughtful consideration of the potential implications and the need for further inquiry into this curious correlation.
With a touch of skepticism and a healthy dose of curiosity, let us embark on this peculiar journey to unravel the curious connection between the name "Barrett" and the unsettling presence of air pollutants in the charming town of Grants Pass, Oregon.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis revealed a surprisingly robust correlation between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. The correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 indicates a moderately strong positive relationship between these seemingly disparate variables. This finding was further supported by the r-squared value of 0.5429574, suggesting that approximately 54% of the variability in air pollution levels can be explained by the frequency of the name "Barrett." The p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that this association is not a mere chance occurrence.
Fig. 1: The scatterplot graphically illustrates the strong correlation between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Each data point represents a specific year within the 1982-2022 timeframe, and the pattern of the plot underscores the remarkable coherence between these variables.
While the initial premise of exploring a connection between a name and environmental factors may have raised a few eyebrows, the statistical significance of our findings compels us to consider the implications of this curious correlation. It is essential to note that correlation does not imply causation. Still, the strength of the statistical relationship warrants further investigation into the underlying mechanisms that might explain this unique association.
The unexpected nature of this correlation, combined with the rigorous statistical analysis, underscores the need for a more in-depth exploration of this phenomenon. Our findings challenge preconceived notions and provoke contemplation on the intricate interplay between individual names and environmental conditions. Indeed, the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon continues to intrigue and beckon further scrutiny, offering a captivating blend of curiosity and statistical significance that defies conventional expectations.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon has illuminated an unexpected correlation between the popularity of the first name "Barrett" and air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. The statistically significant relationship, as evidenced by the robust correlation coefficient and compelling p-value, challenges conventional assumptions and elicits a sense of bemusement akin to stumbling upon a proverbial needle in a haystack.

While the statistical rigor of our analysis leaves little room for doubt regarding the existence of this peculiar association, it is imperative to approach these findings with cautious curiosity. As the eminent physicist Richard Feynman wisely quipped, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." Therefore, the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and potential confounding variables cannot be overstated.

In unraveling the enigma of the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon, we are reminded of the whimsical and often inexplicable nature of human existence. The unexpected convergence of nomenclature and environmental indicators serves as a lighthearted reminder that even the most seemingly unrelated facets of our world may harbor intriguing connections, much like stumbling upon a hidden treasure in the attic of statistical analysis.

Despite the temptation to embark on further whimsical explorations in the realm of name-environment correlations, it is prudent to exercise restraint and acknowledge the limitations of our research. As with any scientific pursuit, it is essential to maintain a balance between unbridled curiosity and methodical inquiry, lest we find ourselves chasing after statistical mirages and whimsical reveries.

In light of the captivating yet confounding nature of our findings, we assert with a touch of amusement that the Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon stands as a testament to the delightful unpredictability of the world. As such, we venture to suggest, with a hint of mirth, that no further research is needed at this time. For now, let the peculiar allure of this peculiar correlation permeate the annals of statistical curiosities, adding a dash of whimsy to the solemn halls of academic inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Environmental Pseudoscience

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Silly Science Society

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon with an abstract of This paper examines the peculiar relationship between the popularity of the first name Barrett and the ambient air pollution levels in Grants Pass, Oregon. Drawing on data from the US Social Security Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency, a rigorous analysis was conducted to investigate this seemingly preposterous connection. Surprisingly, our findings reveal a statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.7368564 with p < 0.01, spanning the years 1982 to 2022. Despite initial skepticism, our research provides compelling evidence that there is indeed a curious association between the frequency of the name "Barrett" and the levels of air pollutants in this particular geographic region. The implications of this unexpected correlation warrant further examination and perhaps a few head-scratching conversations among name enthusiasts and environmentalists alike.

ChatGPT:

Barrett popularity, air pollution correlation, Grants Pass, Oregon, name frequency, air quality, statistical analysis, US Social Security Administration data, Environmental Protection Agency data, correlation coefficient, geographic region, name enthusiasts, environmentalists

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Barrett
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Barrett
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Barrett

Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon
Detailed data title: Percentage of days 'unhealthy' or worse air quality in Grants Pass, OR
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

Correlation r = 0.7368564 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.5429574 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 54.3% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Barrett) over the 41 years from 1982 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.0E-8.^Show 0.0000000395255031973664300000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.74 in 4.0E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 25,300,121 random variables^Note You don't actually need 25 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 40 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 40 because we have two variables measured over a period of 41 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.56, 0.85 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Popularity of the first name Barrett (Babies born)	238	234	212	241	223	211	226	209	220	190	151	184	163	170	157	162	159	190	166	195	201	223	255	307	295	383	437	497	503	652	823	897	979	1167	1405	1643	1843	1894	2027	1997	1806
Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon (Bad air quality days)	0.00550964	0	0.00549451	0	0	0.00274725	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00273973	0	0	0.00273224	0	0	0	0	0.0356164	0	0.00547945	0	0.0438356	0.0606061	0.00547945	0.0601093	0.0246575	0.0191781

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Confounding variable: 2020 is particularly different from the other years on this graph. Confounding variables (like global pandemics) will cause two variables to look connected when in fact a "sneaky third" variable is influencing both of them behind the scenes.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([238,234,212,241,223,211,226,209,220,190,151,184,163,170,157,162,159,190,166,195,201,223,255,307,295,383,437,497,503,652,823,897,979,1167,1405,1643,1843,1894,2027,1997,1806,])
array_2 = np.array([0.00550964,0,0.00549451,0,0,0.00274725,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.00273973,0,0,0.00273224,0,0,0,0,0.0356164,0,0.00547945,0,0.0438356,0.0606061,0.00547945,0.0601093,0.0246575,0.0191781,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Barrett"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Barrett
Line chart for only Air pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: The Bizarre Barrett Phenomenon: Exploring the Link Between Name Popularity and Air Pollution in Grants Pass, Oregon

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Correlation ID: 2866 · Black Variable ID: 3979 · Red Variable ID: 21539


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