Spurious correlation #2,821 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). The chart goes from 2006 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). The chart goes from 2006 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of breweries in the United States hops up, so does the demand for beer. This leads to an increase in beer sales, ultimately boosting the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). It seems like Ameriprise is tapping into a whole new market! After all, they know a thing or two about ale-ing with finances and lager investments. Looks like they're on the road to barley contain their excitement as their stock froths with success. Cheers to that unexpected correlation!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a bustling cityscape in the style of brutalism. In the foreground, depict a vibrant street teeming with breweries and beer gardens, where people are engaged in conversation, holding glasses of craft beer, and enjoying the lively atmosphere. In the background, showcase a neighboring street with a towering electronic board displaying the animated stock market ticker, highlighting a steady rise in Ameriprise Financial's stock price. Capture the contrast between the social hubbub and the financial market activity while maintaining the architectural aesthetic of brutalism. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Art nouveau Psychedelic inspired by bauhaus Brutalism Cyber folk
ChatGPT: Brutalism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP), in the following situation: Because as the number of breweries increased, so did the demand for beer, leading to higher financial stress levels and a spike in the need for financial services, thus boosting Ameriprise Financial's stock price.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A crowded and vibrant street lined with breweries and beer gardens, where people are enjoying glasses of craft beer and socializing. Meanwhile, on a neighboring street, the stock market ticker on a large electronic board is displaying a steady rise in Ameriprise Financial's stock price, indicating increased demand for financial services.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Brutalism ] and depicting this scene: A crowded and vibrant street lined with breweries and beer gardens, where people are enjoying glasses of craft beer and socializing. Meanwhile, on a neighboring street, the stock market ticker on a large electronic board is displaying a steady rise in Ameriprise Financial's stock price, indicating increased demand for financial services. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a bustling cityscape in the style of brutalism. In the foreground, depict a vibrant street teeming with breweries and beer gardens, where people are engaged in conversation, holding glasses of craft beer, and enjoying the lively atmosphere. In the background, showcase a neighboring street with a towering electronic board displaying the animated stock market ticker, highlighting a steady rise in Ameriprise Financial's stock price. Capture the contrast between the social hubbub and the financial market activity while maintaining the architectural aesthetic of brutalism.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP) to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

Journal of Financial Fermentation

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a thorough analysis spanning from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 and p < 0.01, indicating a robust association between these two seemingly disparate entities.

In this study, we attempt to shed light on the apparent connection between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of Ameriprise Financial. The results indicate that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, Ameriprise Financial's stock price also tends to rise, fostering a brew-tiful relationship between the two. This unexpected correlation raises the question: Does an abundance of breweries lead to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial? Our findings certainly suggest a potential link, which adds a dash of zest to the otherwise sober realm of financial research.

Moreover, this research delves into the unique dynamics of consumer behavior and market trends, demonstrating the role of beer enthusiasts in influencing the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. As one might say, it seems that the "beer-ing" spirits of enthusiasts can indeed have a tangible impact on stock prices. These findings offer intriguing implications for both craft beer aficionados and finance enthusiasts, encouraging further exploration of the interconnectedness between consumer trends and stock market dynamics.

In conclusion, this study elucidates the surprising relationship between the proliferation of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial, highlighting an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation. We hope that this research prompts further investigation into the unconventional connections that permeate the world of finance, all the while adding a refreshing touch of humor to the typically dour landscape of academic inquiry.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The world of finance is often viewed as a serious and complex domain, permeated by inscrutable equations and impenetrable jargon. However, our study aims to infuse a dose of levity into this staid environment by examining an unlikely relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). As we delve into this hoppy correlation, we hope to bring some frothy fun to the typically serious world of financial research.
But before we hop into the details, let's start with a quick joke: Why don't we ever tell secrets on a farm? Because the potatoes have eyes and the corn has ears! Now, let's peel back the layers and get to the kernel of our research.
The craft beer industry has experienced exponential growth over the past decade, with an increasing number of breweries dotting the American landscape. Concurrently, Ameriprise Financial's stock price has exhibited notable fluctuations, prompting us to explore the potential interplay between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. This unexpected coupling of distinct industries has led to a tantalizing brew of questions and possibilities, fermenting a rich concoction of intrigue in our research.
Now, here's a classic dad joke: Did you hear about the claustrophobic beer? It didn't like to be kept in the can! Much like our claustrophobic beer, we're breaking free of traditional financial analysis to unearth the unexpected links between hops and stocks.
As we embark on this journey, we acknowledge the layers of complexity inherent in stock market dynamics and consumer behavior. The intricate interweaving of macroeconomic forces, market sentiments, and consumer preferences forms a convoluted tapestry, but our research endeavors to disentangle this web of connections, with a humble wink to the world of craft beer.
Here's a quick one: Why did the barley refuse to become a stockbroker? It didn't want to deal with hopportunity costs! Our research aims to seize this hopportunity to delve into the nuances of consumer sentiment and its potential impact on the stock market, all while celebrating the brew-tiful fusion of finance and fermentation.
In the subsequent sections of this paper, we will methodically unravel the data, shedding light on the intriguing correlations we have unearthed. Our aim is not only to unveil the delightful relationship between breweries and stock prices but also to inject a spritz of amusement into the traditionally staid literature of financial research.
So, as we frothily plunge into the depths of this uncharted correlation, let us raise a glass to the unexpected connections and hoppy revelations that await us. Cheers to the amalgamation of hops and stocks, and the potential for a 'hoppier' understanding of finance!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Smith et al.," the authors find that the number of breweries in the United States has experienced significant growth in recent years, corresponding with the burgeoning popularity of craft beer culture. This surge in brewery numbers has mirrored the expansion of Ameriprise Financial's stock price, prompting further investigation into the potential relationship between these two disparate domains.

On a more serious note, "Doe and Johnson" discuss the impact of consumer behavior on stock market dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between market sentiments and consumer preferences. This provides a theoretical foundation for exploring the influence of beer enthusiasts on the financial fortunes of companies such as Ameriprise Financial.

"Hoppenheimer and Sons" explore the economic implications of the craft beer industry, highlighting the substantial economic footprint created by breweries across the United States. The proliferation of breweries has not only contributed to employment growth but has also sparked interest in the interconnectedness between consumer trends and market performance.

Turning to the world of non-fiction books, "The Craft Beer Revolution" by Steve Hindy and "Beeronomics: How Beer Explains the World" by Johan Swinnen and Devin Briski offer insightful perspectives on the economic and social impact of the craft beer industry. These works provide valuable context for understanding the broader implications of our investigation into the correlation between brewery numbers and Ameriprise Financial's stock price.

In a more whimsical vein, fictional literature such as "Brewing Up a Storm" by Emma Lathen and "The Brewmaster's Table" by Garrett Oliver present captivating narratives situated within the realm of brewing and beer culture. While these works may not directly contribute to financial analysis, they infuse the topic with a dash of creativity and storytelling.

Delving further into unorthodox sources, episodes of "The Simpsons" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" offer playful glimpses into the world of animated humor, occasionally featuring comical portrayals of financial and economic themes. While not directly pertinent to our scholarly pursuits, the lighthearted nature of these shows adds a refreshing dimension to our exploration of the surprising correlation between breweries and stock prices.

As we proceed with our inquiry, we cannot overlook the influence of childhood favorites such as "Sesame Street" and "Looney Tunes," which, at times, allude to basic economic concepts in a manner accessible to younger audiences. While these sources may seem incongruous with our study, they serve as a reminder of the diverse and unexpected channels through which financial themes can be encountered.

In the tradition of intellectual illumination, we are obligated to present our findings with sobriety and rigor. However, as we navigate the eccentricities of this peculiar relationship between breweries and stock prices, we hope to infuse our analysis with a frothy concoction of humor and wit, honoring the spirit of serendipity and discovery that underpins scholarly inquiry.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2006 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a thorough analysis spanning from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 and p < 0.01, indicating a robust association between these two seemingly disparate entities.

In this study, we attempt to shed light on the apparent connection between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of Ameriprise Financial. The results indicate that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, Ameriprise Financial's stock price also tends to rise, fostering a brew-tiful relationship between the two. This unexpected correlation raises the question: Does an abundance of breweries lead to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial? Our findings certainly suggest a potential link, which adds a dash of zest to the otherwise sober realm of financial research.

Moreover, this research delves into the unique dynamics of consumer behavior and market trends, demonstrating the role of beer enthusiasts in influencing the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. As one might say, it seems that the "beer-ing" spirits of enthusiasts can indeed have a tangible impact on stock prices. These findings offer intriguing implications for both craft beer aficionados and finance enthusiasts, encouraging further exploration of the interconnectedness between consumer trends and stock market dynamics.

In conclusion, this study elucidates the surprising relationship between the proliferation of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial, highlighting an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation. We hope that this research prompts further investigation into the unconventional connections that permeate the world of finance, all the while adding a refreshing touch of humor to the typically dour landscape of academic inquiry.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The world of finance is often viewed as a serious and complex domain, permeated by inscrutable equations and impenetrable jargon. However, our study aims to infuse a dose of levity into this staid environment by examining an unlikely relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). As we delve into this hoppy correlation, we hope to bring some frothy fun to the typically serious world of financial research.
But before we hop into the details, let's start with a quick joke: Why don't we ever tell secrets on a farm? Because the potatoes have eyes and the corn has ears! Now, let's peel back the layers and get to the kernel of our research.
The craft beer industry has experienced exponential growth over the past decade, with an increasing number of breweries dotting the American landscape. Concurrently, Ameriprise Financial's stock price has exhibited notable fluctuations, prompting us to explore the potential interplay between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. This unexpected coupling of distinct industries has led to a tantalizing brew of questions and possibilities, fermenting a rich concoction of intrigue in our research.
Now, here's a classic dad joke: Did you hear about the claustrophobic beer? It didn't like to be kept in the can! Much like our claustrophobic beer, we're breaking free of traditional financial analysis to unearth the unexpected links between hops and stocks.
As we embark on this journey, we acknowledge the layers of complexity inherent in stock market dynamics and consumer behavior. The intricate interweaving of macroeconomic forces, market sentiments, and consumer preferences forms a convoluted tapestry, but our research endeavors to disentangle this web of connections, with a humble wink to the world of craft beer.
Here's a quick one: Why did the barley refuse to become a stockbroker? It didn't want to deal with hopportunity costs! Our research aims to seize this hopportunity to delve into the nuances of consumer sentiment and its potential impact on the stock market, all while celebrating the brew-tiful fusion of finance and fermentation.
In the subsequent sections of this paper, we will methodically unravel the data, shedding light on the intriguing correlations we have unearthed. Our aim is not only to unveil the delightful relationship between breweries and stock prices but also to inject a spritz of amusement into the traditionally staid literature of financial research.
So, as we frothily plunge into the depths of this uncharted correlation, let us raise a glass to the unexpected connections and hoppy revelations that await us. Cheers to the amalgamation of hops and stocks, and the potential for a 'hoppier' understanding of finance!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The methodology employed in this study involved a comprehensive analysis of data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to ascertain the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP) from 2006 to 2022. To start, we gathered brewery data from various sources, where we carefully observed the growth and proliferation of these establishments across the country. Much like a well-crafted beer, we meticulously distilled and fermented this information to obtain a robust dataset.

To establish a correlation between brewery numbers and Ameriprise Financial's stock price, we employed a series of analytical techniques, including regression analysis, correlation coefficient computation, and time series modeling. We utilized these methods to scrutinize the fluctuations in brewery numbers and AMP stock prices, akin to a connoisseur analyzing the subtle notes of a finely brewed ale.

In a light-hearted twist, we also incorporated sentiment analysis from social media platforms and online forums to gauge the public's interest and enthusiasm for craft beer. By blending this unconventional approach with traditional financial analysis, we sought to capture the essence of consumer sentiment and its potential impact on stock market trends.

In addition, we framed our analysis within the context of macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP growth, employment rates, and consumer spending, to teasingly illustrate the "brew-tiful" interplay between these factors and the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. Through this approach, we aimed to add a touch of whimsy to the otherwise solemn realm of financial research, much like a witty brewery tour guide offering amusing anecdotes amid a sea of serious statistics.

Furthermore, we devised a whimsical algorithm to gauge the "hoppiness" of stock prices by incorporating brewery-related news headlines, social media mentions, and beer festival attendance figures. This lighthearted take on quantitative analysis added a refreshing layer of creativity to our methodological framework, illustrating that financial research can indeed be as spirited as a lively pub banter.

Finally, our research team embarked on a playful quest to corroborate our findings through interviews with craft beer enthusiasts and financial analysts, seeking to capture their candid perspectives on the potential link between brewery numbers and stock prices. This milked unique insights from diverse stakeholders, adding a dash of flavor to our methodology akin to a secret ingredient in a craft brew.

In summary, the methodology encompassed a blend of traditional financial analysis, sentiment analysis, macroeconomic contextualization, and a sprinkle of whimsy to meticulously unravel the intriguing relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2006 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8703018, r-squared of 0.7574252, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a thorough analysis spanning from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 and p < 0.01, indicating a robust association between these two seemingly disparate entities.

In this study, we attempt to shed light on the apparent connection between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of Ameriprise Financial. The results indicate that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, Ameriprise Financial's stock price also tends to rise, fostering a brew-tiful relationship between the two. This unexpected correlation raises the question: Does an abundance of breweries lead to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial? Our findings certainly suggest a potential link, which adds a dash of zest to the otherwise sober realm of financial research.

Moreover, this research delves into the unique dynamics of consumer behavior and market trends, demonstrating the role of beer enthusiasts in influencing the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. As one might say, it seems that the "beer-ing" spirits of enthusiasts can indeed have a tangible impact on stock prices. These findings offer intriguing implications for both craft beer aficionados and finance enthusiasts, encouraging further exploration of the interconnectedness between consumer trends and stock market dynamics.

In conclusion, this study elucidates the surprising relationship between the proliferation of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial, highlighting an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation. We hope that this research prompts further investigation into the unconventional connections that permeate the world of finance, all the while adding a refreshing touch of humor to the typically dour landscape of academic inquiry.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The world of finance is often viewed as a serious and complex domain, permeated by inscrutable equations and impenetrable jargon. However, our study aims to infuse a dose of levity into this staid environment by examining an unlikely relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). As we delve into this hoppy correlation, we hope to bring some frothy fun to the typically serious world of financial research.
But before we hop into the details, let's start with a quick joke: Why don't we ever tell secrets on a farm? Because the potatoes have eyes and the corn has ears! Now, let's peel back the layers and get to the kernel of our research.
The craft beer industry has experienced exponential growth over the past decade, with an increasing number of breweries dotting the American landscape. Concurrently, Ameriprise Financial's stock price has exhibited notable fluctuations, prompting us to explore the potential interplay between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. This unexpected coupling of distinct industries has led to a tantalizing brew of questions and possibilities, fermenting a rich concoction of intrigue in our research.
Now, here's a classic dad joke: Did you hear about the claustrophobic beer? It didn't like to be kept in the can! Much like our claustrophobic beer, we're breaking free of traditional financial analysis to unearth the unexpected links between hops and stocks.
As we embark on this journey, we acknowledge the layers of complexity inherent in stock market dynamics and consumer behavior. The intricate interweaving of macroeconomic forces, market sentiments, and consumer preferences forms a convoluted tapestry, but our research endeavors to disentangle this web of connections, with a humble wink to the world of craft beer.
Here's a quick one: Why did the barley refuse to become a stockbroker? It didn't want to deal with hopportunity costs! Our research aims to seize this hopportunity to delve into the nuances of consumer sentiment and its potential impact on the stock market, all while celebrating the brew-tiful fusion of finance and fermentation.
In the subsequent sections of this paper, we will methodically unravel the data, shedding light on the intriguing correlations we have unearthed. Our aim is not only to unveil the delightful relationship between breweries and stock prices but also to inject a spritz of amusement into the traditionally staid literature of financial research.
So, as we frothily plunge into the depths of this uncharted correlation, let us raise a glass to the unexpected connections and hoppy revelations that await us. Cheers to the amalgamation of hops and stocks, and the potential for a 'hoppier' understanding of finance!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data collected from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for the period spanning 2006 to 2022 revealed an impressive correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). This strong correlation indicates a robust association between these two seemingly disparate variables, demonstrating that when it comes to stocks and hops, there might just be something brewing beneath the surface.

In line with our findings, it seems that the relationship between breweries and Ameriprise Financial's stock price is not just froth and bubble. It appears that the proliferation of breweries has indeed contributed to the buoyancy of AMP stock prices, leading to a hoppy correlation that defies conventional expectations. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering the question: are brewery numbers the secret ingredient for a "hoppy" stock performance?

The r-squared value of 0.7574252 further strengthens our findings, indicating that approximately 75.74% of the variability in Ameriprise Financial's stock price can be explained by the number of breweries in the United States. This suggests that the dynamics of the craft beer industry exert a substantial influence on the financial prospects of Ameriprise Financial, adding a flavorful dimension to the stock market that is as refreshing as a cold pint on a scorching day.

In the spirit of our findings, here's a hoppy pun for our readers: Why did the beer go to school? To get a little "ale"-gebra! Similarly, our findings suggest that the ale-gorical relationship between breweries and stock prices may hold secrets that deserve exploration beyond the traditional realms of finance research.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually depicts the strong correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price, providing a graphic representation of this unexpectedly robust relationship. The upward trend observed in the scatterplot mirrors the ascending trajectory of AMP stock prices in response to the proliferation of breweries, painting a compelling portrait of interconnectivity between these seemingly unrelated domains.

In conclusion, the findings of this study illuminate a surprising and statistically significant relationship between the presence of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial. These intriguing results not only tantalize the taste buds of financial analysts but also beckon us to savor the nuanced interplay between consumer trends and stock market dynamics. This unexpected correlation adds a delightful twist to the otherwise sober landscape of finance research, infusing a dash of zest into the realm of financial inquiry that is as refreshing as a cool pint at the end of a long day of number crunching.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a thorough analysis spanning from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 and p < 0.01, indicating a robust association between these two seemingly disparate entities.

In this study, we attempt to shed light on the apparent connection between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of Ameriprise Financial. The results indicate that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, Ameriprise Financial's stock price also tends to rise, fostering a brew-tiful relationship between the two. This unexpected correlation raises the question: Does an abundance of breweries lead to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial? Our findings certainly suggest a potential link, which adds a dash of zest to the otherwise sober realm of financial research.

Moreover, this research delves into the unique dynamics of consumer behavior and market trends, demonstrating the role of beer enthusiasts in influencing the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. As one might say, it seems that the "beer-ing" spirits of enthusiasts can indeed have a tangible impact on stock prices. These findings offer intriguing implications for both craft beer aficionados and finance enthusiasts, encouraging further exploration of the interconnectedness between consumer trends and stock market dynamics.

In conclusion, this study elucidates the surprising relationship between the proliferation of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial, highlighting an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation. We hope that this research prompts further investigation into the unconventional connections that permeate the world of finance, all the while adding a refreshing touch of humor to the typically dour landscape of academic inquiry.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Smith et al.," the authors find that the number of breweries in the United States has experienced significant growth in recent years, corresponding with the burgeoning popularity of craft beer culture. This surge in brewery numbers has mirrored the expansion of Ameriprise Financial's stock price, prompting further investigation into the potential relationship between these two disparate domains.
On a more serious note, "Doe and Johnson" discuss the impact of consumer behavior on stock market dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between market sentiments and consumer preferences. This provides a theoretical foundation for exploring the influence of beer enthusiasts on the financial fortunes of companies such as Ameriprise Financial.
"Hoppenheimer and Sons" explore the economic implications of the craft beer industry, highlighting the substantial economic footprint created by breweries across the United States. The proliferation of breweries has not only contributed to employment growth but has also sparked interest in the interconnectedness between consumer trends and market performance.
Turning to the world of non-fiction books, "The Craft Beer Revolution" by Steve Hindy and "Beeronomics: How Beer Explains the World" by Johan Swinnen and Devin Briski offer insightful perspectives on the economic and social impact of the craft beer industry. These works provide valuable context for understanding the broader implications of our investigation into the correlation between brewery numbers and Ameriprise Financial's stock price.
In a more whimsical vein, fictional literature such as "Brewing Up a Storm" by Emma Lathen and "The Brewmaster's Table" by Garrett Oliver present captivating narratives situated within the realm of brewing and beer culture. While these works may not directly contribute to financial analysis, they infuse the topic with a dash of creativity and storytelling.
Delving further into unorthodox sources, episodes of "The Simpsons" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" offer playful glimpses into the world of animated humor, occasionally featuring comical portrayals of financial and economic themes. While not directly pertinent to our scholarly pursuits, the lighthearted nature of these shows adds a refreshing dimension to our exploration of the surprising correlation between breweries and stock prices.
As we proceed with our inquiry, we cannot overlook the influence of childhood favorites such as "Sesame Street" and "Looney Tunes," which, at times, allude to basic economic concepts in a manner accessible to younger audiences. While these sources may seem incongruous with our study, they serve as a reminder of the diverse and unexpected channels through which financial themes can be encountered.
In the tradition of intellectual illumination, we are obligated to present our findings with sobriety and rigor. However, as we navigate the eccentricities of this peculiar relationship between breweries and stock prices, we hope to infuse our analysis with a frothy concoction of humor and wit, honoring the spirit of serendipity and discovery that underpins scholarly inquiry.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for the period spanning 2006 to 2022 revealed an impressive correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). This strong correlation indicates a robust association between these two seemingly disparate variables, demonstrating that when it comes to stocks and hops, there might just be something brewing beneath the surface.
In line with our findings, it seems that the relationship between breweries and Ameriprise Financial's stock price is not just froth and bubble. It appears that the proliferation of breweries has indeed contributed to the buoyancy of AMP stock prices, leading to a hoppy correlation that defies conventional expectations. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering the question: are brewery numbers the secret ingredient for a "hoppy" stock performance?
The r-squared value of 0.7574252 further strengthens our findings, indicating that approximately 75.74% of the variability in Ameriprise Financial's stock price can be explained by the number of breweries in the United States. This suggests that the dynamics of the craft beer industry exert a substantial influence on the financial prospects of Ameriprise Financial, adding a flavorful dimension to the stock market that is as refreshing as a cold pint on a scorching day.
In the spirit of our findings, here's a hoppy pun for our readers: Why did the beer go to school? To get a little "ale"-gebra! Similarly, our findings suggest that the ale-gorical relationship between breweries and stock prices may hold secrets that deserve exploration beyond the traditional realms of finance research.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually depicts the strong correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price, providing a graphic representation of this unexpectedly robust relationship. The upward trend observed in the scatterplot mirrors the ascending trajectory of AMP stock prices in response to the proliferation of breweries, painting a compelling portrait of interconnectivity between these seemingly unrelated domains.
In conclusion, the findings of this study illuminate a surprising and statistically significant relationship between the presence of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial. These intriguing results not only tantalize the taste buds of financial analysts but also beckon us to savor the nuanced interplay between consumer trends and stock market dynamics. This unexpected correlation adds a delightful twist to the otherwise sober landscape of finance research, infusing a dash of zest into the realm of financial inquiry that is as refreshing as a cool pint at the end of a long day of number crunching.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our investigation bolster the prior research conducted by Smith et al., who noted the escalating number of breweries in the United States, coinciding with the burgeoning popularity of craft beer culture. The strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 unearthed in our study attests to the robust association between brewery numbers and Ameriprise Financial's stock price, corroborating the intriguing relationship between these seemingly incongruous entities. It seems that the more breweries hop onto the scene, the hoppier the stock price of Ameriprise Financial becomes—a dynamic that certainly adds a frothy layer of complexity to the realm of stock market analysis.

It turns out that the impact of consumer behavior on stock market dynamics, as expounded by Doe and Johnson, is indeed evident in the convivial interplay between brewery numbers and Ameriprise Financial's stock performance. Our findings lend credence to the notion that consumer preferences, particularly in the beer aficionado community, have a tangible influence on the financial fortunes of companies such as Ameriprise Financial. This realization adds a flavorful twist to the otherwise serious landscape of financial analysis, reminding us that the "beer-ing" enthusiasm of consumers can produce palpable ripples in the stock market waters.

In line with the economic implications outlined by Hoppenheimer and Sons, our study sheds light on the substantial impact of the craft beer industry on market dynamics. The emergence of breweries as key players in driving employment growth and stimulating consumer trends has not only created a buzz within the economic sphere but has also elicited an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation with stock prices. As our findings suggest, it seems that the economic footprint of breweries extends beyond tangible metrics and spills over into the ethereal world of stock market performance, painting a picture of interconnectedness that is as intriguing as it is unexpected.

Our analysis not only fortifies the theoretical underpinnings presented in prior literature but also amplifies the implications highlighted by authors such as Steve Hindy and Johan Swinnen in their respective works. By uncovering the linkage between brewery numbers and stock prices, our study underscores the broader implications of the craft beer revolution, offering a compelling glimpse into the unanticipated connections that permeate the financial world. It appears that beyond the realms of traditional financial analysis, the "brewing" industry provides a palette of nuanced flavors and influences that enrich the tapestry of market trends and consumer behavior, elevating the study of finance to a refreshing level of complexity.

The unexpected correlation between breweries and Ameriprise Financial's stock price, as illuminated by our research, fuses the realms of finance and consumer trends in an unanticipated manner. As we navigate the frothy sea of financial inquiry, it becomes apparent that the interplay between consumer behavior and market dynamics holds surprises that are as delightful as a well-crafted pint of beer. Our findings beckon further exploration into the murkier depths of financial analysis, igniting a spark of curiosity that is as invigorating as a witty dad joke at the end of a long day of scholarly pursuit.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a thorough analysis spanning from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 and p < 0.01, indicating a robust association between these two seemingly disparate entities.

In this study, we attempt to shed light on the apparent connection between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of Ameriprise Financial. The results indicate that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, Ameriprise Financial's stock price also tends to rise, fostering a brew-tiful relationship between the two. This unexpected correlation raises the question: Does an abundance of breweries lead to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial? Our findings certainly suggest a potential link, which adds a dash of zest to the otherwise sober realm of financial research.

Moreover, this research delves into the unique dynamics of consumer behavior and market trends, demonstrating the role of beer enthusiasts in influencing the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. As one might say, it seems that the "beer-ing" spirits of enthusiasts can indeed have a tangible impact on stock prices. These findings offer intriguing implications for both craft beer aficionados and finance enthusiasts, encouraging further exploration of the interconnectedness between consumer trends and stock market dynamics.

In conclusion, this study elucidates the surprising relationship between the proliferation of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial, highlighting an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation. We hope that this research prompts further investigation into the unconventional connections that permeate the world of finance, all the while adding a refreshing touch of humor to the typically dour landscape of academic inquiry.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The world of finance is often viewed as a serious and complex domain, permeated by inscrutable equations and impenetrable jargon. However, our study aims to infuse a dose of levity into this staid environment by examining an unlikely relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). As we delve into this hoppy correlation, we hope to bring some frothy fun to the typically serious world of financial research.
But before we hop into the details, let's start with a quick joke: Why don't we ever tell secrets on a farm? Because the potatoes have eyes and the corn has ears! Now, let's peel back the layers and get to the kernel of our research.
The craft beer industry has experienced exponential growth over the past decade, with an increasing number of breweries dotting the American landscape. Concurrently, Ameriprise Financial's stock price has exhibited notable fluctuations, prompting us to explore the potential interplay between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. This unexpected coupling of distinct industries has led to a tantalizing brew of questions and possibilities, fermenting a rich concoction of intrigue in our research.
Now, here's a classic dad joke: Did you hear about the claustrophobic beer? It didn't like to be kept in the can! Much like our claustrophobic beer, we're breaking free of traditional financial analysis to unearth the unexpected links between hops and stocks.
As we embark on this journey, we acknowledge the layers of complexity inherent in stock market dynamics and consumer behavior. The intricate interweaving of macroeconomic forces, market sentiments, and consumer preferences forms a convoluted tapestry, but our research endeavors to disentangle this web of connections, with a humble wink to the world of craft beer.
Here's a quick one: Why did the barley refuse to become a stockbroker? It didn't want to deal with hopportunity costs! Our research aims to seize this hopportunity to delve into the nuances of consumer sentiment and its potential impact on the stock market, all while celebrating the brew-tiful fusion of finance and fermentation.
In the subsequent sections of this paper, we will methodically unravel the data, shedding light on the intriguing correlations we have unearthed. Our aim is not only to unveil the delightful relationship between breweries and stock prices but also to inject a spritz of amusement into the traditionally staid literature of financial research.
So, as we frothily plunge into the depths of this uncharted correlation, let us raise a glass to the unexpected connections and hoppy revelations that await us. Cheers to the amalgamation of hops and stocks, and the potential for a 'hoppier' understanding of finance!

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for the period spanning 2006 to 2022 revealed an impressive correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). This strong correlation indicates a robust association between these two seemingly disparate variables, demonstrating that when it comes to stocks and hops, there might just be something brewing beneath the surface.
In line with our findings, it seems that the relationship between breweries and Ameriprise Financial's stock price is not just froth and bubble. It appears that the proliferation of breweries has indeed contributed to the buoyancy of AMP stock prices, leading to a hoppy correlation that defies conventional expectations. This unexpected connection leaves us pondering the question: are brewery numbers the secret ingredient for a "hoppy" stock performance?
The r-squared value of 0.7574252 further strengthens our findings, indicating that approximately 75.74% of the variability in Ameriprise Financial's stock price can be explained by the number of breweries in the United States. This suggests that the dynamics of the craft beer industry exert a substantial influence on the financial prospects of Ameriprise Financial, adding a flavorful dimension to the stock market that is as refreshing as a cold pint on a scorching day.
In the spirit of our findings, here's a hoppy pun for our readers: Why did the beer go to school? To get a little "ale"-gebra! Similarly, our findings suggest that the ale-gorical relationship between breweries and stock prices may hold secrets that deserve exploration beyond the traditional realms of finance research.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually depicts the strong correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Ameriprise Financial's stock price, providing a graphic representation of this unexpectedly robust relationship. The upward trend observed in the scatterplot mirrors the ascending trajectory of AMP stock prices in response to the proliferation of breweries, painting a compelling portrait of interconnectivity between these seemingly unrelated domains.
In conclusion, the findings of this study illuminate a surprising and statistically significant relationship between the presence of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial. These intriguing results not only tantalize the taste buds of financial analysts but also beckon us to savor the nuanced interplay between consumer trends and stock market dynamics. This unexpected correlation adds a delightful twist to the otherwise sober landscape of finance research, infusing a dash of zest into the realm of financial inquiry that is as refreshing as a cool pint at the end of a long day of number crunching.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In summary, our study elucidates the remarkably hoppy correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP), painting a picture as clear as a well-filtered IPA. These findings highlight an unexpected yet statistically robust link between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of AMP, proving that when it comes to stocks and hops, there's more than meets the "eye"-PA.

Speaking of "eye"-PAs, here's a dad joke for you: Why did the beer break up with the wine? It just couldn't handle the "hops" and downs! Similarly, the ups and downs of brewery numbers seem to have a tangible impact on AMP's stock prices, brewing up a relationship that defies traditional expectations.

Moreover, this study raises the "pint"-eresting question of whether an abundance of breweries indeed leads to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial, offering a potential pathway for investors to diversify their portfolios with a "brew"-tiful twist.

To conclude, the doubly fermenting relationship between breweries and AMP stock prices beckons us to hop on and embrace the frothy interconnectedness of seemingly disparate sectors. As we raise our metaphorical glasses to this curious correlation, we assert that further research in this delightfully unexpected "brew-niverse" of finance is as unnecessary as a "de-hops-it" without a punchline. Cheers to the refreshing blend of hops and stocks – may the brew be ever in your favor!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP). Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

Journal of Financial Fermentation

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP). Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Sudsy Market Dynamics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP) with an abstract of This paper examines the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the stock price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP). Leveraging data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a thorough analysis spanning from 2006 to 2022. Our findings revealed a remarkably strong correlation coefficient of 0.8703018 and p < 0.01, indicating a robust association between these two seemingly disparate entities.
In this study, we attempt to shed light on the apparent connection between the craft beer industry and the financial performance of Ameriprise Financial. The results indicate that as the number of breweries in the United States increases, Ameriprise Financial's stock price also tends to rise, fostering a brew-tiful relationship between the two. This unexpected correlation raises the question: Does an abundance of breweries lead to "hoppier" stock prices for Ameriprise Financial? Our findings certainly suggest a potential link, which adds a dash of zest to the otherwise sober realm of financial research.
Moreover, this research delves into the unique dynamics of consumer behavior and market trends, demonstrating the role of beer enthusiasts in influencing the fortunes of Ameriprise Financial. As one might say, it seems that the "beer-ing" spirits of enthusiasts can indeed have a tangible impact on stock prices. These findings offer intriguing implications for both craft beer aficionados and finance enthusiasts, encouraging further exploration of the interconnectedness between consumer trends and stock market dynamics.
In conclusion, this study elucidates the surprising relationship between the proliferation of breweries and the stock performance of Ameriprise Financial, highlighting an unexpected yet statistically significant correlation. We hope that this research prompts further investigation into the unconventional connections that permeate the world of finance, all the while adding a refreshing touch of humor to the typically dour landscape of academic inquiry.

ChatGPT:

brewery numbers, craft beer industry, stock price correlation, consumer behavior, market trends, Ameriprise Financial stock, financial performance, breweries in the United States, LSEG Analytics data, Brewers Association data, market dynamics, stock market trends

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The number of Breweries in the United States
Detailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States

Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Ameriprise Financial (AMP) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP)

Correlation r = 0.8703018 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7574252 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 75.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 17 years from 2006 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 5.6E-6.^Show 0.0000055650227513295550000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.87 in 0.00056% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 179,694 random variables^Note You don't actually need 179 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 16 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 16 because we have two variables measured over a period of 17 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.67, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries)	1741	1805	1896	1933	2131	2525	2670	3162	4014	4847	5780	6767	7722	8557	9092	9384	9709
Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP) (Stock price)	41.3	54.68	55.18	23.4	39.1	58.22	51.16	64.25	114.58	132.98	103.93	113.12	170.64	103.44	167.54	195.3	303.68

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,9709,])
array_2 = np.array([41.3,54.68,55.18,23.4,39.1,58.22,51.16,64.25,114.58,132.98,103.93,113.12,170.64,103.44,167.54,195.3,303.68,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The number of Breweries in the United States
Line chart for only Ameriprise Financial's stock price (AMP)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Brewing Up Stock Prices: A Hoppy Correlation Between Brewery Numbers and Ameriprise Financial's Stock (AMP)

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Correlation ID: 2821 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 1805


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