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Spurious correlation #2,758 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and the second variable is Telefónica's stock price (TEF).  The chart goes from 2002 to 2023, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

The GMO corn in Missouri started expressing bullish behavior, leading to a kernel of optimism in the stock market. As the corn grew taller and stronger, so did investor confidence in Telefónica, creating a stalk-ingly good connection between agricultural biotechnology and telecommunications profits. It's as if the corn was secretly whispering sweet stock tips to anyone who would ear!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Prompt: Generate an image in the style of a humorous Reddit post featuring a vast cornfield in Missouri, where rows of genetically modified corn stretch out as far as the eye can see. The golden stalks sway in the breeze, heavy with ripe ears of corn engineered to produce high-quality syrup. Nearby, a tower of Telefónica's stock price chart rises upward on a computer screen, reflecting the surge in demand for their services. In the background, silhouettes of people chatting on the phone and streaming data on their devices under a bright, sunny sky symbolize the increased phone calls and data usage driven by the rise in sugary soda consumption, all contributing to Telefónica's success. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Parallax art Woodblock painting a funny image you would see on reddit Futuristic Glitch art
ChatGPT: a funny image you would see on reddit

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF), in the following situation: Because GMO corn in Missouri has been engineered to produce high-quality corn syrup, leading to an increase in the consumption of sugary sodas. This surge in soda consumption has caused a rise in sugar highs, resulting in more phone calls and increased data usage, thus boosting demand for Telefónica's services and driving up their stock price.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a vast cornfield in Missouri, rows of genetically modified corn stretch out as far as the eye can see. The golden stalks sway in the breeze, heavy with ripe ears of corn engineered to produce high-quality syrup. Nearby, a tower of Telefónica's stock price chart rises upward on a computer screen, reflecting the surge in demand for their services. In the background, silhouettes of people chatting on the phone and streaming data on their devices under a bright, sunny sky symbolize the increased phone calls and data usage driven by the rise in sugary soda consumption, all contributing to Telefónica's success.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ a funny image you would see on reddit ] and depicting this scene: In a vast cornfield in Missouri, rows of genetically modified corn stretch out as far as the eye can see. The golden stalks sway in the breeze, heavy with ripe ears of corn engineered to produce high-quality syrup. Nearby, a tower of Telefónica's stock price chart rises upward on a computer screen, reflecting the surge in demand for their services. In the background, silhouettes of people chatting on the phone and streaming data on their devices under a bright, sunny sky symbolize the increased phone calls and data usage driven by the rise in sugary soda consumption, all contributing to Telefónica's success. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Prompt: Generate an image in the style of a humorous Reddit post featuring a vast cornfield in Missouri, where rows of genetically modified corn stretch out as far as the eye can see. The golden stalks sway in the breeze, heavy with ripe ears of corn engineered to produce high-quality syrup. Nearby, a tower of Telefónica's stock price chart rises upward on a computer screen, reflecting the surge in demand for their services. In the background, silhouettes of people chatting on the phone and streaming data on their devices under a bright, sunny sky symbolize the increased phone calls and data usage driven by the rise in sugary soda consumption, all contributing to Telefónica's success.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in GMO use in corn grown in Missouri positively influenced Telefónica's stock price (TEF).

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price

The Journal of Agro-Finance and Telecommunications Economics

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8360890 and p < 0.01 for 2002 to 2023.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The intertwining relationship between seemingly unrelated phenomena has been a perennial source of fascination for researchers across diverse disciplines. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the extent to which seemingly disparate factors impact one another is a subject of growing interest. In this study, we embark on a journey to unravel the enigmatic correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuations in Telefónica's stock price (TEF). This elusive connection has prompted scholarly inquiry, captivating the imagination and prompting us to dig deep into the agricultural and financial realms to discern the underlying forces at play.

The advent of genetically modified corn has heralded a new era in agricultural practices, offering potential benefits such as increased resistance to pests and greater yields. Conversely, Telefónica, a prominent player in the telecommunications industry, has experienced its own ebbs and flows in the stock market, subject to the tides of investor sentiment and industry dynamics. It is against this backdrop of cornfields and stock exchanges that we aim to unravel the intricate web of causal relationships, seeking to identify the unseen threads that bind these seemingly disparate domains together.

The initial impetus for this investigation arose from an inconspicuous observation during a casual perusal of market data, which led to an intriguing hypothesis: could there be a connection between the proliferation of GMOs in cornfields and the vicissitudes of Telefónica's stock price? This notion, while appearing far-fetched at first glance, piqued our curiosity and stoked the flames of inquiry. As we delved into the annals of agricultural statistics and stock market archives, what emerged was not only a robust correlation but an unexpected synergy that defies conventional wisdom.

The findings of this research are not only intriguing but also bear practical implications for stakeholders in agriculture and finance. Understanding the interplay between GMO usage in agricultural practices and stock market performance has implications that reach beyond the confines of academia, resonating with both industry professionals and the general public. This inquiry not only unearths a surprising link between two seemingly disparate realms but also underscores the inherent interconnectedness of diverse facets of the modern world.

So, buckle up as we embark on a journey through the cornfields of Missouri and the stock exchanges of the world to decode the mysterious dance of GMOs and stock prices. By the end of our investigation, you may find yourself musing, "Who knew that the stalks of corn could hold such kernel of financial wisdom?"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intertwining relationship between seemingly unrelated phenomena has been a perennial source of fascination for researchers across diverse disciplines. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the extent to which seemingly disparate factors impact one another is a subject of growing interest. In this study, we embark on a journey to unravel the enigmatic correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuations in Telefónica's stock price (TEF). This elusive connection has prompted scholarly inquiry, captivating the imagination and prompting us to dig deep into the agricultural and financial realms to discern the underlying forces at play.
The advent of genetically modified corn has heralded a new era in agricultural practices, offering potential benefits such as increased resistance to pests and greater yields. Conversely, Telefónica, a prominent player in the telecommunications industry, has experienced its own ebbs and flows in the stock market, subject to the tides of investor sentiment and industry dynamics. It is against this backdrop of cornfields and stock exchanges that we aim to unravel the intricate web of causal relationships, seeking to identify the unseen threads that bind these seemingly disparate domains together.
The initial impetus for this investigation arose from an inconspicuous observation during a casual perusal of market data, which led to an intriguing hypothesis: could there be a connection between the proliferation of GMOs in cornfields and the vicissitudes of Telefónica's stock price? This notion, while appearing far-fetched at first glance, piqued our curiosity and stoked the flames of inquiry. As we delved into the annals of agricultural statistics and stock market archives, what emerged was not only a robust correlation but an unexpected synergy that defies conventional wisdom.
The findings of this research are not only intriguing but also bear practical implications for stakeholders in agriculture and finance. Understanding the interplay between GMO usage in agricultural practices and stock market performance has implications that reach beyond the confines of academia, resonating with both industry professionals and the general public. This inquiry not only unearths a surprising link between two seemingly disparate realms but also underscores the inherent interconnectedness of diverse facets of the modern world.
So, buckle up as we embark on a journey through the cornfields of Missouri and the stock exchanges of the world to decode the mysterious dance of GMOs and stock prices. By the end of our investigation, you may find yourself musing, "Who knew that the stalks of corn could hold such kernel of financial wisdom?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In unraveling the intricate relationship between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and the stock price of Telefónica (TEF), it is imperative to review the existing literature on both agricultural practices and stock market dynamics. Smith et al. (2015) conducted a comprehensive study on the impact of GMOs on corn yield and quality, emphasizing the technological advancements and agronomic benefits associated with genetically modified varieties. Doe and Jones (2017) delved into the financial implications of technological innovations in agriculture, providing insights into the potential effects of GMO adoption on market dynamics.

Transitioning to a broader view, "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan delves into the intricate web of relationships within the modern food system, shedding light on the multifaceted impacts of agricultural practices on various facets of life. Additionally, "Guns, Germs, and Steel" by Jared Diamond offers a historical perspective on the interplay between human societies and agricultural advancements, hinting at the far-reaching implications of technological innovations in farming.

Taking a more lighthearted turn, the incorporation of fictional literature into this review highlights the pervasive influence of agriculture and finance in popular culture. "The Corn Whisperer" by J.K. Rowling and "The Stalk Market Chronicles" by George R.R. Martin are fictional works that playfully explore the mystical undercurrents of genetically modified corn and stock market maneuvers. While not grounded in empirical research, these works serve as a whimsical reminder of the intertwined nature of agriculture and financial markets.

Delving even further into the realm of creative influence, the cartoons "Corn & Telco Adventures" and the children's show "The Stock Market Garden" provide entertaining, albeit unconventional, insights into the fanciful connection between corn cultivation and telecommunications stocks. While these sources may not align with the rigor of academic research, they offer a playful perspective on the curious correlation under investigation.

As we traverse the landscape of literature across various genres and mediums, it is evident that the enigmatic link between GMOs in corn and Telefónica's stock price transcends the boundaries of empirical research, extending its influence to the realms of imagination and entertainment. The amalgamation of serious scholarly works with whimsical literary creations underscores the captivating and multifaceted nature of the correlation at the heart of this investigation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2023

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intertwining relationship between seemingly unrelated phenomena has been a perennial source of fascination for researchers across diverse disciplines. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the extent to which seemingly disparate factors impact one another is a subject of growing interest. In this study, we embark on a journey to unravel the enigmatic correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuations in Telefónica's stock price (TEF). This elusive connection has prompted scholarly inquiry, captivating the imagination and prompting us to dig deep into the agricultural and financial realms to discern the underlying forces at play.
The advent of genetically modified corn has heralded a new era in agricultural practices, offering potential benefits such as increased resistance to pests and greater yields. Conversely, Telefónica, a prominent player in the telecommunications industry, has experienced its own ebbs and flows in the stock market, subject to the tides of investor sentiment and industry dynamics. It is against this backdrop of cornfields and stock exchanges that we aim to unravel the intricate web of causal relationships, seeking to identify the unseen threads that bind these seemingly disparate domains together.
The initial impetus for this investigation arose from an inconspicuous observation during a casual perusal of market data, which led to an intriguing hypothesis: could there be a connection between the proliferation of GMOs in cornfields and the vicissitudes of Telefónica's stock price? This notion, while appearing far-fetched at first glance, piqued our curiosity and stoked the flames of inquiry. As we delved into the annals of agricultural statistics and stock market archives, what emerged was not only a robust correlation but an unexpected synergy that defies conventional wisdom.
The findings of this research are not only intriguing but also bear practical implications for stakeholders in agriculture and finance. Understanding the interplay between GMO usage in agricultural practices and stock market performance has implications that reach beyond the confines of academia, resonating with both industry professionals and the general public. This inquiry not only unearths a surprising link between two seemingly disparate realms but also underscores the inherent interconnectedness of diverse facets of the modern world.
So, buckle up as we embark on a journey through the cornfields of Missouri and the stock exchanges of the world to decode the mysterious dance of GMOs and stock prices. By the end of our investigation, you may find yourself musing, "Who knew that the stalks of corn could hold such kernel of financial wisdom?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To scrutinize the interplay between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF), a multi-faceted methodology was employed to capture and analyze the intricate relationship between these seemingly incongruous entities. The research team meticulously collected data from a variety of sources, with primary reliance on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) Analytics, specifically harnessing the comprehensive resources of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv).

The first step in this convoluted journey involved gathering detailed information on the production and utilization of genetically modified corn in the state of Missouri from 2002 to 2023. This included scouring agricultural reports, conducting interviews with local farmers, and occasionally donning camouflage attire to blend in seamlessly with the cornfields and observe the GMO corn in its natural habitat.

Simultaneously, data pertaining to Telefónica's stock price dynamics was collected with the precision of a seasoned angler, casting a wide net across the financial markets to capture the daily fluctuations, all the while evading the siren call of impulse stock trading.

The collected data was then subjected to a rigorous process of statistical analysis, where advanced econometric and time series models were employed to tease out any potential correlations, as well as to distinguish between mere statistical happenstance and a significant meaningful relationship. Our approach was so meticulous that we even considered consulting a crystal ball, but ultimately decided to rely on more conventional methods due to a lack of empirical evidence supporting the crystal ball's predictive power.

In order to quantify and assess the strength of the relationship between GMO corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price, a variety of statistical techniques were employed. This included the calculation of correlation coefficients, performing regression analyses, and assessing the statistical significance of the findings using p-values. Additionally, we attempted to discern any potential causality between these variables, but the corn refused to reveal its secrets, leaving us to ponder the question of whether the stock market drives the cornfield or vice versa.

Furthermore, to validate and support the findings, alternative methods such as sensitivity analyses and robustness checks were conducted. After all, one can never be too cautious when dealing with the cornstalks and stock tickers.

It must be noted that the research team took great pains to ensure the integrity and reliability of the data employed in this analysis, double-checking the numbers and meticulously combing through the datasets for any rogue anomalies that might have sneaked in under the radar. We even considered employing a flock of vigilant geese to guard the datasets, but deemed it an unnecessary expense given that our research assistants were proficient in honking loudly at the slightest sign of inconsistencies.

In sum, this methodology approached the perplexing relationship between GMO corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price with the meticulousness of a detective unraveling a complex conspiracy, and the perseverance of a farmer tilling the land. Through a multi-pronged and exhaustive approach, the research team endeavored to capture the essence of this unlikely connection, and perhaps shed some light on the surprising ways in which the lighthearted world of corn and the serious world of finance intersect.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2023, you found a correlation 0.8360890, r-squared of 0.6990448, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intertwining relationship between seemingly unrelated phenomena has been a perennial source of fascination for researchers across diverse disciplines. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the extent to which seemingly disparate factors impact one another is a subject of growing interest. In this study, we embark on a journey to unravel the enigmatic correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuations in Telefónica's stock price (TEF). This elusive connection has prompted scholarly inquiry, captivating the imagination and prompting us to dig deep into the agricultural and financial realms to discern the underlying forces at play.
The advent of genetically modified corn has heralded a new era in agricultural practices, offering potential benefits such as increased resistance to pests and greater yields. Conversely, Telefónica, a prominent player in the telecommunications industry, has experienced its own ebbs and flows in the stock market, subject to the tides of investor sentiment and industry dynamics. It is against this backdrop of cornfields and stock exchanges that we aim to unravel the intricate web of causal relationships, seeking to identify the unseen threads that bind these seemingly disparate domains together.
The initial impetus for this investigation arose from an inconspicuous observation during a casual perusal of market data, which led to an intriguing hypothesis: could there be a connection between the proliferation of GMOs in cornfields and the vicissitudes of Telefónica's stock price? This notion, while appearing far-fetched at first glance, piqued our curiosity and stoked the flames of inquiry. As we delved into the annals of agricultural statistics and stock market archives, what emerged was not only a robust correlation but an unexpected synergy that defies conventional wisdom.
The findings of this research are not only intriguing but also bear practical implications for stakeholders in agriculture and finance. Understanding the interplay between GMO usage in agricultural practices and stock market performance has implications that reach beyond the confines of academia, resonating with both industry professionals and the general public. This inquiry not only unearths a surprising link between two seemingly disparate realms but also underscores the inherent interconnectedness of diverse facets of the modern world.
So, buckle up as we embark on a journey through the cornfields of Missouri and the stock exchanges of the world to decode the mysterious dance of GMOs and stock prices. By the end of our investigation, you may find yourself musing, "Who knew that the stalks of corn could hold such kernel of financial wisdom?"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The investigation into the correlation between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF) yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, indicating a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. The r-squared value of 0.6990448 underscores the robustness of this correlation. Additionally, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that this correlation is unlikely to be a chance occurrence.

Figure 1 displays a scatterplot depicting the striking relationship between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price. The data points form a pattern akin to kernels tightly packed on an ear of corn, highlighting the remarkably cohesive nature of this correlation. It's as if the financial world and the agricultural realm have engaged in a secret harmonious duet, with one echoing the movements of the other in an intricate dance of economic and agricultural forces.

The unprecedented robustness of this correlation evokes a sense of wonder akin to stumbling upon an unexpected harmony between two otherwise isolated worlds. It's as if the GMO corn and the stock prices have been engaged in a covert tango, orchestrating their movements to a rhythm imperceptible to the casual observer.

The significance of this correlation cannot be overstated, as it points to a hitherto unrecognized interdependence between agricultural practices and stock market performance. The quirky yet compelling bond between genetically modified corn and Telefónica's stock price beckons the curious mind to contemplate the hidden threads connecting these disparate entities. Indeed, this revelation is not only food for thought but also a treat for the imagination, serving as a whimsical reminder that even the most unlikely pairings may hold surprising truths.

The implications of this correlation extend beyond the bounds of traditional economic and agricultural analyses, hinting at a deeper interplay between sectors that were previously thought to exist in distinct spheres. This whimsical discovery propels us into a fertile realm of inquiry, where kernels of corn and stock quotes converge in a delightful symphony of numbers and agricultural produce.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In unraveling the intricate relationship between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and the stock price of Telefónica (TEF), it is imperative to review the existing literature on both agricultural practices and stock market dynamics. Smith et al. (2015) conducted a comprehensive study on the impact of GMOs on corn yield and quality, emphasizing the technological advancements and agronomic benefits associated with genetically modified varieties. Doe and Jones (2017) delved into the financial implications of technological innovations in agriculture, providing insights into the potential effects of GMO adoption on market dynamics.
Transitioning to a broader view, "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan delves into the intricate web of relationships within the modern food system, shedding light on the multifaceted impacts of agricultural practices on various facets of life. Additionally, "Guns, Germs, and Steel" by Jared Diamond offers a historical perspective on the interplay between human societies and agricultural advancements, hinting at the far-reaching implications of technological innovations in farming.
Taking a more lighthearted turn, the incorporation of fictional literature into this review highlights the pervasive influence of agriculture and finance in popular culture. "The Corn Whisperer" by J.K. Rowling and "The Stalk Market Chronicles" by George R.R. Martin are fictional works that playfully explore the mystical undercurrents of genetically modified corn and stock market maneuvers. While not grounded in empirical research, these works serve as a whimsical reminder of the intertwined nature of agriculture and financial markets.
Delving even further into the realm of creative influence, the cartoons "Corn & Telco Adventures" and the children's show "The Stock Market Garden" provide entertaining, albeit unconventional, insights into the fanciful connection between corn cultivation and telecommunications stocks. While these sources may not align with the rigor of academic research, they offer a playful perspective on the curious correlation under investigation.
As we traverse the landscape of literature across various genres and mediums, it is evident that the enigmatic link between GMOs in corn and Telefónica's stock price transcends the boundaries of empirical research, extending its influence to the realms of imagination and entertainment. The amalgamation of serious scholarly works with whimsical literary creations underscores the captivating and multifaceted nature of the correlation at the heart of this investigation.

[[RESULTS]]
The investigation into the correlation between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF) yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, indicating a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. The r-squared value of 0.6990448 underscores the robustness of this correlation. Additionally, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that this correlation is unlikely to be a chance occurrence.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot depicting the striking relationship between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price. The data points form a pattern akin to kernels tightly packed on an ear of corn, highlighting the remarkably cohesive nature of this correlation. It's as if the financial world and the agricultural realm have engaged in a secret harmonious duet, with one echoing the movements of the other in an intricate dance of economic and agricultural forces.
The unprecedented robustness of this correlation evokes a sense of wonder akin to stumbling upon an unexpected harmony between two otherwise isolated worlds. It's as if the GMO corn and the stock prices have been engaged in a covert tango, orchestrating their movements to a rhythm imperceptible to the casual observer.
The significance of this correlation cannot be overstated, as it points to a hitherto unrecognized interdependence between agricultural practices and stock market performance. The quirky yet compelling bond between genetically modified corn and Telefónica's stock price beckons the curious mind to contemplate the hidden threads connecting these disparate entities. Indeed, this revelation is not only food for thought but also a treat for the imagination, serving as a whimsical reminder that even the most unlikely pairings may hold surprising truths.
The implications of this correlation extend beyond the bounds of traditional economic and agricultural analyses, hinting at a deeper interplay between sectors that were previously thought to exist in distinct spheres. This whimsical discovery propels us into a fertile realm of inquiry, where kernels of corn and stock quotes converge in a delightful symphony of numbers and agricultural produce.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

The results of the investigation into the correlation between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF) unveil a surprising yet robust link between seemingly disparate realms. Our findings align with the prior research by Smith et al. (2015) and Doe and Jones (2017), shedding light on the unexpected influence of GMO adoption on market dynamics. This connection serves as a kernel of truth amidst a bushel of financial and agricultural data, emphasizing the weight of agronomic advancements on stock performance.

The literature review playfully explored both serious scholarly works and whimsical literary creations, emphasizing the multifaceted and captivating nature of the correlation at hand. While the incorporation of fictional literature may have appeared light-hearted, it serves as a reminder of the pervasive influence of agriculture and finance in various realms of human experience. Surprisingly, these whimsical sources echo the paradoxical nature of our findings, where kernels of truth emerge from the unlikeliest of places.

The significant correlation coefficient observed in our study mirrors the solidity of this previously overlooked connection, akin to uncovering a well-concealed treasure amid the labyrinth of financial and agricultural data. The strengthened correlation coefficient further supports the notion that the relationship between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price is not a mere statistical artifact but rather a substantial association with practical implications.

The surprising robustness of this correlation underscores the need for further exploration, inviting the academic community to ponder the intricate dance of economic and agricultural forces. As we delve into this uncharted territory, it becomes increasingly apparent that the enigmatic link between genetically modified corn and Telefónica's stock price defies conventional expectations, standing as a testament to the unpredictable nature of financial and agricultural interdependencies.

The whimsical yet thought-provoking connection discovered in this investigation beckons us to reevaluate our preconceived notions, encouraging a contemplation of the hidden threads connecting these seemingly distant entities. This revelation not only reinforces the importance of interdisciplinary inquiry but also injects a dash of excitement into the otherwise sober fields of agricultural and market analyses. Indeed, the pure, unadulterated joy of stumbling upon this unexpected harmony between two ostensibly isolated worlds serves as a vivid reminder that the boundaries of empirical research often intersect with the realms of imagination and entertainment.

As we set our sights on future research endeavors, let us approach this newly unearthed phenomenon with a blend of academic rigor and lighthearted curiosity, embodying the spirit of discovery and playfulness that has enlivened this investigation. While the significance of this correlation might at first appear trivial, it urges us to recognize the ever-present potential for unanticipated connections to exist in the vast, complex tapestry of economic and agricultural landscapes.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF). Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.

The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intertwining relationship between seemingly unrelated phenomena has been a perennial source of fascination for researchers across diverse disciplines. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the extent to which seemingly disparate factors impact one another is a subject of growing interest. In this study, we embark on a journey to unravel the enigmatic correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuations in Telefónica's stock price (TEF). This elusive connection has prompted scholarly inquiry, captivating the imagination and prompting us to dig deep into the agricultural and financial realms to discern the underlying forces at play.
The advent of genetically modified corn has heralded a new era in agricultural practices, offering potential benefits such as increased resistance to pests and greater yields. Conversely, Telefónica, a prominent player in the telecommunications industry, has experienced its own ebbs and flows in the stock market, subject to the tides of investor sentiment and industry dynamics. It is against this backdrop of cornfields and stock exchanges that we aim to unravel the intricate web of causal relationships, seeking to identify the unseen threads that bind these seemingly disparate domains together.
The initial impetus for this investigation arose from an inconspicuous observation during a casual perusal of market data, which led to an intriguing hypothesis: could there be a connection between the proliferation of GMOs in cornfields and the vicissitudes of Telefónica's stock price? This notion, while appearing far-fetched at first glance, piqued our curiosity and stoked the flames of inquiry. As we delved into the annals of agricultural statistics and stock market archives, what emerged was not only a robust correlation but an unexpected synergy that defies conventional wisdom.
The findings of this research are not only intriguing but also bear practical implications for stakeholders in agriculture and finance. Understanding the interplay between GMO usage in agricultural practices and stock market performance has implications that reach beyond the confines of academia, resonating with both industry professionals and the general public. This inquiry not only unearths a surprising link between two seemingly disparate realms but also underscores the inherent interconnectedness of diverse facets of the modern world.
So, buckle up as we embark on a journey through the cornfields of Missouri and the stock exchanges of the world to decode the mysterious dance of GMOs and stock prices. By the end of our investigation, you may find yourself musing, "Who knew that the stalks of corn could hold such kernel of financial wisdom?"

[[RESULTS]]
The investigation into the correlation between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price (TEF) yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, indicating a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. The r-squared value of 0.6990448 underscores the robustness of this correlation. Additionally, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that this correlation is unlikely to be a chance occurrence.
Figure 1 displays a scatterplot depicting the striking relationship between GMO use in corn grown in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price. The data points form a pattern akin to kernels tightly packed on an ear of corn, highlighting the remarkably cohesive nature of this correlation. It's as if the financial world and the agricultural realm have engaged in a secret harmonious duet, with one echoing the movements of the other in an intricate dance of economic and agricultural forces.
The unprecedented robustness of this correlation evokes a sense of wonder akin to stumbling upon an unexpected harmony between two otherwise isolated worlds. It's as if the GMO corn and the stock prices have been engaged in a covert tango, orchestrating their movements to a rhythm imperceptible to the casual observer.
The significance of this correlation cannot be overstated, as it points to a hitherto unrecognized interdependence between agricultural practices and stock market performance. The quirky yet compelling bond between genetically modified corn and Telefónica's stock price beckons the curious mind to contemplate the hidden threads connecting these disparate entities. Indeed, this revelation is not only food for thought but also a treat for the imagination, serving as a whimsical reminder that even the most unlikely pairings may hold surprising truths.
The implications of this correlation extend beyond the bounds of traditional economic and agricultural analyses, hinting at a deeper interplay between sectors that were previously thought to exist in distinct spheres. This whimsical discovery propels us into a fertile realm of inquiry, where kernels of corn and stock quotes converge in a delightful symphony of numbers and agricultural produce.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our investigation into the perplexing correlation between genetically modified corn production in Missouri and Telefónica's stock price has brought to light an unexpected symbiosis between the agricultural and financial domains. The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a compelling p-value less than 0.01, underscores the strength and statistical significance of this connection, resulting in a striking dance between kernels and stock markets.

The implications of these findings extend beyond the numerical realm, permeating the very fabric of our understanding of the interconnectedness between seemingly disparate entities. It's as if the cornfields of Missouri and the stock exchanges of the world have conspired in a whimsical partnership, challenging conventional wisdom and inviting us to contemplate the enigmatic forces at work.

This research, while shedding light on an unorthodox relationship, opens the door to a multitude of intriguing avenues for future exploration. However, we dare to declare that, in this instance, the corn has indeed popped, and the stock prices have performed their final bellwether dance. It seems advisable to resist the temptation to sow further seeds of inquiry in this particular field, for fear of a corny overload. Thus, we confidently assert that no further research is needed in this area.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Agro-Finance and Telecommunications Economics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

Critical Agricultural Research Society


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Stalked by GMOs: The Corny Connection Between Genetically Modified Corn Production in Missouri and Telefónica's Stock Price with an abstract of In this study, we investigate the curious correlation between the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the cultivation of corn in the state of Missouri and the fluctuation of Telefónica's stock price (TEF) over the period from 2002 to 2023. Data sourced from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) allowed for a meticulous analysis, revealing a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8360890, with a p-value less than 0.01.
The results of this investigation shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness between agricultural practices and stock market performance, highlighting the corny yet captivating relationship between GMOs and Telefónica. This research not only raises eyebrows but also elicits a chuckle at the idea of kernels and stock quotes coming together in an unexpected financial dance.

ChatGPT:

genetically modified organisms, GMOs, corn cultivation, Missouri, Telefónica, stock price, correlation, USDA data, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, correlation coefficient, p-value, agricultural practices, stock market performance, interconnectedness, financial analysis, corn production, stock price fluctuation

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

GMO use in corn grown in Missouri
Detailed data title: Percent of all corn planted in Missouri that is genetically modified to be herbicide-tolerant (HT), but not insect-resistant (Bt)
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with GMO use in corn grown in Missouri

Telefónica's stock price (TEF)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Telefónica (TEF) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Telefónica's stock price (TEF)

Correlation r = 0.8360890 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.6990448 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 69.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Telefónica's stock price (TEF)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., GMO use in corn grown in Missouri) over the 22 years from 2002 through 2023.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.3E-6. 0.0000012607020505301315000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.84 in 0.00013% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 793,209 random variables You don't actually need 793 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 21 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 21 because we have two variables measured over a period of 22 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.64, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023
GMO use in corn grown in Missouri (GMO corn %)6913121419211719222016109887785125
Telefónica's stock price (TEF) (Stock price)12.498.6414.8618.6615.0821.4732.0622.1728.0122.4917.4313.6215.7614.1110.829.199.828.357.094.134.323.62




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([6,9,13,12,14,19,21,17,19,22,20,16,10,9,8,8,7,7,8,5,12,5,])
array_2 = np.array([12.49,8.64,14.86,18.66,15.08,21.47,32.06,22.17,28.01,22.49,17.43,13.62,15.76,14.11,10.82,9.19,9.82,8.35,7.09,4.13,4.32,3.62,])
array_1_name = "GMO use in corn grown in Missouri"
array_2_name = "Telefónica's stock price (TEF)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 2758 · Black Variable ID: 731 · Red Variable ID: 1877
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