Spurious correlation #2,638 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Yogurt consumption and the second variable is The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). The chart goes from 2003 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Yogurt consumption and the second variable is The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). The chart goes from 2003 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As yogurt consumption increased, so did the demand for dairy products. This led to a surge in profits for dairy farmers, causing a ripple effect in the agricultural sector. The Bank of Nova Scotia, having invested heavily in agricultural loans, reaped the benefits of this dairy boom, propelling their stock price to new heights. Looks like the key to a robust economy is just a spoonful of yogurt away!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [High-tech] In a futuristic kitchen, a vibrant group of yogurt cultures congregates near a sleek holographic display, their translucent bodies radiating with excitement. The holographic stock market interface showcases The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS) stock charting a steady upward trajectory in the background, mirroring the enthusiastic trading activity driven by the cultured creatures' newfound passion for finance. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: a funny image you would see on reddit High-tech An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie Hyper-realistic Cute cartoon
ChatGPT: High-tech

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS), in the following situation: The bacteria in yogurt developed a strong interest in finance, leading to a surge in stock trading activity specifically for The Bank of Nova Scotia. Turns out, it's not just the yogurt culture that's thriving!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a cheerful kitchen, a group of lively yogurt cultures are gathered around a computer screen, their translucent forms eagerly watching the stock market. Meanwhile, the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS) charts a steady upward trajectory in the background, reflecting the enthusiastic trading activity driven by the yogurt's newfound passion for finance.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ High-tech ] and depicting this scene: In a cheerful kitchen, a group of lively yogurt cultures are gathered around a computer screen, their translucent forms eagerly watching the stock market. Meanwhile, the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS) charts a steady upward trajectory in the background, reflecting the enthusiastic trading activity driven by the yogurt's newfound passion for finance. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [High-tech] In a futuristic kitchen, a vibrant group of yogurt cultures congregates near a sleek holographic display, their translucent bodies radiating with excitement. The holographic stock market interface showcases The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS) stock charting a steady upward trajectory in the background, mirroring the enthusiastic trading activity driven by the cultured creatures' newfound passion for finance.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Yogurt consumption caused The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS) to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

The International Journal of Probiotic Finance

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This enlightening study delves into the curdled world of finance, seeking to untangle the knotty relationship between yogurt consumption and the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Leveraging data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a scrupulous analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2021. Our investigation unearthed a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, indicating a clear connection between the creamy indulgence of yogurt and the financial fortunes of the esteemed Canadian bank. We posit that a spoonful of yogurt might indeed contribute to a dollop of dividends for intrepid investors traversing the dairy-scented landscape of the stock market. The implications of these findings are as rich and complex as a parfait, underscoring the need for further exploration into the culture of yogurt and its surprising influence on the financial world.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of finance and food may seem as unlikely a pairing as cauliflower ice cream, yet our investigation into the relationship between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price reveals a surprising nexus between these seemingly disparate domains. In a world where stock indices and smoothie ingredients rarely collide, we endeavour to unpeel the layers of this enigmatic co-movement.
The notion of yogurt influencing stock prices may sound like a mere spoonful of speculation, but our analysis of data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) has skimmed the cream off the top of this curious connection. From the milky depths of the information, we have extracted a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, suggesting that there exists an intriguing tandem twirl between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price movements.
When one ruminates on the potential relationships between dairy products and financial instruments, it brings to mind the old adage that one should "go with their gut." In this case, it appears that heeding this advice may indeed lead one down a path paved with probiotics and profits.
Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms driving this yogurt-stock symbiosis, peeling back the layers of the yogurtnomic puzzle, and revealing whether there may be causality in the culture of consumption and the surges and curds in BNS stock prices.
Thus, as we plunge our spoons into the creamy depths of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us in this deliciously cryptic journey through the cultures of finance and food.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The extant literature on the topic of yogurt consumption and its peculiar relationship to stock prices is as rich and diverse as a parfait bar at a dairy-themed gala. Smith et al. (2010) investigated the potential impact of dairy products on financial markets and found preliminary evidence of a positive association between yogurt consumption and stock price movements. Doe and Jones (2015) further expounded on this notion, positing that the probiotic properties of yogurt may serve as a catalyst for bullish trends in the stock market. These early works laid the foundation for our current investigation into the yoggity yields of yogurt.

In "The Economics of Milk and Honey" and "The Probiotic Portfolio: A Yogurt Lover's Guide to Financial Wellness," the authors delve into the intersection of culinary indulgences and Wall Street wizardry, offering insights into the tantalizingly tangy world of yogurt economics. The authors find that the creamy conundrum of yogurt's influence on stock prices is a delectable dilemma that beckons further exploration.

Turning to a more whimsical reservoir of literature, fictional works such as "The Curds of Wall Street" and "Yogurtonomics: A Tale of Two Spoonfuls" weave intriguing narratives around the mystique of dairy products steering the fates of financial institutions. These literary concoctions serve as a captivating backdrop for the empirical investigation at hand.

In a departure from traditional scholarly sources, we draw on the animated world of "The Yogurt Chronicles" and "The Dairy Stock Adventures" to gain further insight into the enigmatic link between yogurt consumption and stock market movements. These creative endeavors impart a sense of levity to the weighty subject matter, offering a lighthearted perspective on the potential cultural and psychological dimensions of yogurt-stocked symbiosis.

As we navigate the labyrinthine yogurt-tinged corridors of financial analysis, it becomes evident that the creamy and comedic dimensions of this improbable relationship warrant exploration beyond the confines of conventional academic literature.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2003 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This enlightening study delves into the curdled world of finance, seeking to untangle the knotty relationship between yogurt consumption and the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Leveraging data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a scrupulous analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2021. Our investigation unearthed a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, indicating a clear connection between the creamy indulgence of yogurt and the financial fortunes of the esteemed Canadian bank. We posit that a spoonful of yogurt might indeed contribute to a dollop of dividends for intrepid investors traversing the dairy-scented landscape of the stock market. The implications of these findings are as rich and complex as a parfait, underscoring the need for further exploration into the culture of yogurt and its surprising influence on the financial world.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of finance and food may seem as unlikely a pairing as cauliflower ice cream, yet our investigation into the relationship between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price reveals a surprising nexus between these seemingly disparate domains. In a world where stock indices and smoothie ingredients rarely collide, we endeavour to unpeel the layers of this enigmatic co-movement.
The notion of yogurt influencing stock prices may sound like a mere spoonful of speculation, but our analysis of data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) has skimmed the cream off the top of this curious connection. From the milky depths of the information, we have extracted a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, suggesting that there exists an intriguing tandem twirl between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price movements.
When one ruminates on the potential relationships between dairy products and financial instruments, it brings to mind the old adage that one should "go with their gut." In this case, it appears that heeding this advice may indeed lead one down a path paved with probiotics and profits.
Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms driving this yogurt-stock symbiosis, peeling back the layers of the yogurtnomic puzzle, and revealing whether there may be causality in the culture of consumption and the surges and curds in BNS stock prices.
Thus, as we plunge our spoons into the creamy depths of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us in this deliciously cryptic journey through the cultures of finance and food.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection:
To gather the raw ingredients for our study, we embarked on a virtual dairy quest across the expanse of the internet, seeking out data morsels related to yogurt consumption and the stock performance of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Our main sources of sustenance were the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for yogurt consumption figures and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) for stock price information. From 2003 to 2021, we meticulously hoarded every morsel of data, ensuring that no proverbial lactose molecule or stock tick was left unturned.

Yogurt Consumption Measurement:
The quantification of yogurt consumption, much like the measurement of a dollop of sour cream at a taco party, required a nuanced approach. Utilizing the USDA's insightful data, we not only considered the overall yogurt consumption levels but also delved into the specific types, flavors, and forms of yogurt savored by populations across different regions. We aimed to capture the diverse yogurt cultures lingering within the annals of consumption patterns.

Stock Price Analysis:
In the realm of stock price analysis, precision akin to measuring the appropriate amount of yogurt in a parfait was crucial. Leveraging the robust data offered by LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we scrutinized the daily, monthly, and yearly fluctuations in The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price. A keen eye was cast on the market ebbs and flows, akin to the subtle undulations of fermentation in a batch of artisanal yogurt.

Correlation Calculation:
To unpack the relationship between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price movements, we employed the venerable Pearson correlation coefficient, as if whisking together the disparate elements of a yogurt-based marinade. This statistical tool allowed us to quantify the strength and direction of the association between these seemingly incongruent variables. Furthermore, we applied rigorous hypothesis testing to ascertain the significance of the observed correlation, ensuring that our findings were not mere statistical whimsy.

Control Variables:
Recognizing the possibility of confounding factors influencing both yogurt consumption and stock prices, we incorporated a suite of control variables into our analysis. Economic indicators, global dairy market trends, and even cultural shifts in yogurt preferences were scrutinized to isolate the true essence of the yogurt-stock relationship. Just as one might add stabilizers to maintain the consistency of a yogurt dessert, our control variables served to stabilize our analytical framework.

Sensitivity Analysis:
In acknowledging the potential fragility of statistical relationships and the capricious nature of financial markets, we conducted a sensitivity analysis akin to testing the resilience of a yogurt starter to temperature variations. This process involved re-evaluating our findings under different model specifications and variable adjustments, ensuring that our conclusions were as robust as a well-crafted yogurt parfait.

Ethical Considerations:
As stewards of scholarly rectitude, we maintained the highest ethical standards in the utilization of third-party data sources. The rights and provenance of the data were respected, and all analyses were conducted with the utmost integrity, as befits an investigation into the creamy mysteries of yogurt and finance.

In conclusion, our methodology sought to blend the art and science of investigation, much like the harmonious mingling of fruit and yogurt in a delectable smoothie. Through our diligent and rigorous approach, we aspired to distill the essence of the yogurt-BNS stock relationship into a palatable and empirically sound concoction for academic consumption.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2003 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8424770, r-squared of 0.7097675, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This enlightening study delves into the curdled world of finance, seeking to untangle the knotty relationship between yogurt consumption and the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Leveraging data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a scrupulous analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2021. Our investigation unearthed a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, indicating a clear connection between the creamy indulgence of yogurt and the financial fortunes of the esteemed Canadian bank. We posit that a spoonful of yogurt might indeed contribute to a dollop of dividends for intrepid investors traversing the dairy-scented landscape of the stock market. The implications of these findings are as rich and complex as a parfait, underscoring the need for further exploration into the culture of yogurt and its surprising influence on the financial world.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of finance and food may seem as unlikely a pairing as cauliflower ice cream, yet our investigation into the relationship between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price reveals a surprising nexus between these seemingly disparate domains. In a world where stock indices and smoothie ingredients rarely collide, we endeavour to unpeel the layers of this enigmatic co-movement.
The notion of yogurt influencing stock prices may sound like a mere spoonful of speculation, but our analysis of data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) has skimmed the cream off the top of this curious connection. From the milky depths of the information, we have extracted a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, suggesting that there exists an intriguing tandem twirl between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price movements.
When one ruminates on the potential relationships between dairy products and financial instruments, it brings to mind the old adage that one should "go with their gut." In this case, it appears that heeding this advice may indeed lead one down a path paved with probiotics and profits.
Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms driving this yogurt-stock symbiosis, peeling back the layers of the yogurtnomic puzzle, and revealing whether there may be causality in the culture of consumption and the surges and curds in BNS stock prices.
Thus, as we plunge our spoons into the creamy depths of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us in this deliciously cryptic journey through the cultures of finance and food.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our investigation unveil a remarkably potent correlation between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price from 2003 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 suggests a robust positive relationship, indicating that as yogurt consumption increased, so did the stock price of BNS. This connection is further bolstered by an r-squared value of 0.7097675, signifying that 70.98% of the variability in BNS stock price can be explained by changes in yogurt consumption. Indeed, it appears that the financial markets have quite the appetite for yogurt-related data!

The p-value of less than 0.01 serves as the cherry on top, signaling that the observed correlation is statistically significant and not merely a fluke. It seems that the creamy indulgence of yogurt may indeed hold sway over the fortunes of The Bank of Nova Scotia, cultivating a tantalizing blend of dairy and dividends.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) depicts the compelling relationship between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price, visually encapsulating the tight correlation we have uncovered. The data points form a veritable "yogurt mountain" of evidence, illustrating the strong connection between these seemingly incongruous variables. It seems that when it comes to financial forecasting, a spoonful of yogurt may be just what the investment gurus ordered!

These findings beckon us to ponder the underlying mechanisms driving this startling co-movement. Is it the probiotic power of yogurt that fuels investor confidence, or perhaps the creamy texture that smooths out market volatility? The cryptic relationship between dairy consumption and stock prices leaves much to churn over, emphasizing the need for further exploration into the world of "yogurtnomics."

In conclusion, our study highlights the unexpected influence of yogurt consumption on the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia, inviting investors and researchers alike to savor the delectable interplay between the dairy aisle and the stock exchange. As we digest these findings, we are reminded that in the ever-changing landscape of finance, it pays to keep a keen eye on not only the balance sheets but also the breakfast tables.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This enlightening study delves into the curdled world of finance, seeking to untangle the knotty relationship between yogurt consumption and the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Leveraging data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a scrupulous analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2021. Our investigation unearthed a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, indicating a clear connection between the creamy indulgence of yogurt and the financial fortunes of the esteemed Canadian bank. We posit that a spoonful of yogurt might indeed contribute to a dollop of dividends for intrepid investors traversing the dairy-scented landscape of the stock market. The implications of these findings are as rich and complex as a parfait, underscoring the need for further exploration into the culture of yogurt and its surprising influence on the financial world.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The extant literature on the topic of yogurt consumption and its peculiar relationship to stock prices is as rich and diverse as a parfait bar at a dairy-themed gala. Smith et al. (2010) investigated the potential impact of dairy products on financial markets and found preliminary evidence of a positive association between yogurt consumption and stock price movements. Doe and Jones (2015) further expounded on this notion, positing that the probiotic properties of yogurt may serve as a catalyst for bullish trends in the stock market. These early works laid the foundation for our current investigation into the yoggity yields of yogurt.
In "The Economics of Milk and Honey" and "The Probiotic Portfolio: A Yogurt Lover's Guide to Financial Wellness," the authors delve into the intersection of culinary indulgences and Wall Street wizardry, offering insights into the tantalizingly tangy world of yogurt economics. The authors find that the creamy conundrum of yogurt's influence on stock prices is a delectable dilemma that beckons further exploration.
Turning to a more whimsical reservoir of literature, fictional works such as "The Curds of Wall Street" and "Yogurtonomics: A Tale of Two Spoonfuls" weave intriguing narratives around the mystique of dairy products steering the fates of financial institutions. These literary concoctions serve as a captivating backdrop for the empirical investigation at hand.
In a departure from traditional scholarly sources, we draw on the animated world of "The Yogurt Chronicles" and "The Dairy Stock Adventures" to gain further insight into the enigmatic link between yogurt consumption and stock market movements. These creative endeavors impart a sense of levity to the weighty subject matter, offering a lighthearted perspective on the potential cultural and psychological dimensions of yogurt-stocked symbiosis.
As we navigate the labyrinthine yogurt-tinged corridors of financial analysis, it becomes evident that the creamy and comedic dimensions of this improbable relationship warrant exploration beyond the confines of conventional academic literature.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation unveil a remarkably potent correlation between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price from 2003 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 suggests a robust positive relationship, indicating that as yogurt consumption increased, so did the stock price of BNS. This connection is further bolstered by an r-squared value of 0.7097675, signifying that 70.98% of the variability in BNS stock price can be explained by changes in yogurt consumption. Indeed, it appears that the financial markets have quite the appetite for yogurt-related data!
The p-value of less than 0.01 serves as the cherry on top, signaling that the observed correlation is statistically significant and not merely a fluke. It seems that the creamy indulgence of yogurt may indeed hold sway over the fortunes of The Bank of Nova Scotia, cultivating a tantalizing blend of dairy and dividends.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) depicts the compelling relationship between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price, visually encapsulating the tight correlation we have uncovered. The data points form a veritable "yogurt mountain" of evidence, illustrating the strong connection between these seemingly incongruous variables. It seems that when it comes to financial forecasting, a spoonful of yogurt may be just what the investment gurus ordered!
These findings beckon us to ponder the underlying mechanisms driving this startling co-movement. Is it the probiotic power of yogurt that fuels investor confidence, or perhaps the creamy texture that smooths out market volatility? The cryptic relationship between dairy consumption and stock prices leaves much to churn over, emphasizing the need for further exploration into the world of "yogurtnomics."
In conclusion, our study highlights the unexpected influence of yogurt consumption on the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia, inviting investors and researchers alike to savor the delectable interplay between the dairy aisle and the stock exchange. As we digest these findings, we are reminded that in the ever-changing landscape of finance, it pays to keep a keen eye on not only the balance sheets but also the breakfast tables.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The undeniable correlation between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price unraveled by our study aligns with the musings of Smith et al. (2010) and Doe and Jones (2015), who first churned the notion of dairy products influencing financial markets. While the connection may seem like a product of "yogurtnomics," our results delved deeper into the cultural curds and milked the potential impact of yogurt on stock prices. It appears that the probiotic properties and creamy texture of yogurt may indeed have significant implications for the stock market, turning skeptics into "believers" and cautious investors into "probiotic profit seekers."

These findings challenge traditional financial analyses, leading us to contemplate the quixotic juxtaposition of this unlikely pair – yogurt and stock prices. Could it be that the tangy, creamy concoction offers a dose of financial wellness that goes beyond balancing one's breakfast diet? Perhaps the market's craving for yogurt-related data is a testament to the tantalizing allure of dairy in the financial world, prompting investors to find solace in the tickers of both stock prices and yogurts.

Steering away from the fictional musings of "The Curds of Wall Street" and "Yogurtonomics: A Tale of Two Spoonfuls," our study, backed by robust statistical evidence, legitimizes the incongruous relationship between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price. The scatterplot, akin to a visual parfait, lays bare the "yogurt mountain" of evidence, depicting a landscape where dairy and dividends intersect. It's safe to say that our results were a "culture shock" for many in the field, leaving them to ponder the "gut feelings" of investors and the "digestible" nature of market behavior.

In essence, our investigation into the yoggity yields of yogurt has unveiled a rich tapestry of insights, affirming that when it comes to financial forecasting, the "cream of the crop" might just be a spoonful of yogurt. As we chew over these novel findings, we invite investors and researchers to join us at the table of "yogurtnomics," reminding them that in the fertile pastures of finance, one might indeed find unexpected treasures in the most unsuspecting of places – including the dairy aisle.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS). Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
This enlightening study delves into the curdled world of finance, seeking to untangle the knotty relationship between yogurt consumption and the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Leveraging data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a scrupulous analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2021. Our investigation unearthed a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, indicating a clear connection between the creamy indulgence of yogurt and the financial fortunes of the esteemed Canadian bank. We posit that a spoonful of yogurt might indeed contribute to a dollop of dividends for intrepid investors traversing the dairy-scented landscape of the stock market. The implications of these findings are as rich and complex as a parfait, underscoring the need for further exploration into the culture of yogurt and its surprising influence on the financial world.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of finance and food may seem as unlikely a pairing as cauliflower ice cream, yet our investigation into the relationship between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price reveals a surprising nexus between these seemingly disparate domains. In a world where stock indices and smoothie ingredients rarely collide, we endeavour to unpeel the layers of this enigmatic co-movement.
The notion of yogurt influencing stock prices may sound like a mere spoonful of speculation, but our analysis of data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) has skimmed the cream off the top of this curious connection. From the milky depths of the information, we have extracted a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, suggesting that there exists an intriguing tandem twirl between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price movements.
When one ruminates on the potential relationships between dairy products and financial instruments, it brings to mind the old adage that one should "go with their gut." In this case, it appears that heeding this advice may indeed lead one down a path paved with probiotics and profits.
Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms driving this yogurt-stock symbiosis, peeling back the layers of the yogurtnomic puzzle, and revealing whether there may be causality in the culture of consumption and the surges and curds in BNS stock prices.
Thus, as we plunge our spoons into the creamy depths of this investigation, we invite the reader to join us in this deliciously cryptic journey through the cultures of finance and food.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation unveil a remarkably potent correlation between yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price from 2003 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 suggests a robust positive relationship, indicating that as yogurt consumption increased, so did the stock price of BNS. This connection is further bolstered by an r-squared value of 0.7097675, signifying that 70.98% of the variability in BNS stock price can be explained by changes in yogurt consumption. Indeed, it appears that the financial markets have quite the appetite for yogurt-related data!
The p-value of less than 0.01 serves as the cherry on top, signaling that the observed correlation is statistically significant and not merely a fluke. It seems that the creamy indulgence of yogurt may indeed hold sway over the fortunes of The Bank of Nova Scotia, cultivating a tantalizing blend of dairy and dividends.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) depicts the compelling relationship between yogurt consumption and BNS stock price, visually encapsulating the tight correlation we have uncovered. The data points form a veritable "yogurt mountain" of evidence, illustrating the strong connection between these seemingly incongruous variables. It seems that when it comes to financial forecasting, a spoonful of yogurt may be just what the investment gurus ordered!
These findings beckon us to ponder the underlying mechanisms driving this startling co-movement. Is it the probiotic power of yogurt that fuels investor confidence, or perhaps the creamy texture that smooths out market volatility? The cryptic relationship between dairy consumption and stock prices leaves much to churn over, emphasizing the need for further exploration into the world of "yogurtnomics."
In conclusion, our study highlights the unexpected influence of yogurt consumption on the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia, inviting investors and researchers alike to savor the delectable interplay between the dairy aisle and the stock exchange. As we digest these findings, we are reminded that in the ever-changing landscape of finance, it pays to keep a keen eye on not only the balance sheets but also the breakfast tables.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]
In consummation, our investigation into the entwined realms of yogurt consumption and The Bank of Nova Scotia's (BNS) stock price has churned up insights as rich and thick as Greek yogurt. The robust correlation coefficient and statistically significant p-value leave little room to yogurt-coated speculation—there is indeed a link between these seemingly incongruous entities. One might say this research has really "curdled" the standard notions of financial analysis!

As we scoop out the last dollops of data, it is clear that the connection between yogurt and stock prices is not just a mere frothy coincidence. The r-squared value further asserts that nearly 71% of the variability in BNS stock price can be explained by changes in yogurt consumption, suggesting that the markets have quite the hankering for dairy-related trends.

The scatterplot serves as a visual treat, akin to a parfait for the eyes, showcasing the undeniable "yogurt mountain" of evidence supporting our findings. It seems that for investors, keeping a yogurt spoon handy might prove as beneficial as scrutinizing earnings reports.

In the grand tradition of financial research, our study sows more questions than it harvests answers. Is there a calcium-infused confidence boost driving stock prices, or perhaps a smooth and creamy dampening of market jitters? The dairy-flavored mysteries of "yogurtnomics" are as tantalizing as the possibilities of a well-timed parfait.

However, given the robustness of our findings, we dare to assert that this investigation has served up a full course of enlightenment in the yogurt-stock relationship. There is no need to milk this topic further; it seems that the yogurtnomic landscape has been thoroughly explored. As the saying goes, it's time to "cultivate" new research pastures!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The International Journal of Probiotic Finance

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The International Institute for Probiotic Economics and Dairy Delights

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price with an abstract of This enlightening study delves into the curdled world of finance, seeking to untangle the knotty relationship between yogurt consumption and the stock price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS). Leveraging data from the USDA and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), we conducted a scrupulous analysis spanning the years 2003 to 2021. Our investigation unearthed a remarkably robust correlation coefficient of 0.8424770 and p < 0.01, indicating a clear connection between the creamy indulgence of yogurt and the financial fortunes of the esteemed Canadian bank. We posit that a spoonful of yogurt might indeed contribute to a dollop of dividends for intrepid investors traversing the dairy-scented landscape of the stock market. The implications of these findings are as rich and complex as a parfait, underscoring the need for further exploration into the culture of yogurt and its surprising influence on the financial world.

ChatGPT:

yogurt consumption, stock price, correlation, Bank of Nova Scotia, finance, USDA data, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, investment, market analysis, dairy industry, financial influence

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Yogurt consumption
Detailed data title: Per capita consumption of Yogurt in the US
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with Yogurt consumption

The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS)
Detailed data title: Opening price of The Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS)

Correlation r = 0.8424770 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7097675 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 71% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Yogurt consumption) over the 19 years from 2003 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 6.01E-6.^Show 0.0000060142254819428280000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.84 in 0.000601% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 166,272 random variables^Note You don't actually need 166 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 18 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 18 because we have two variables measured over a period of 19 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.63, 0.94 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Yogurt consumption (Pounds per person)	8.6	9.2	10.3	11.1	11.6	11.7	12.5	13.4	13.6	14	14.9	14.9	14.4	13.7	13.7	13.6	13.4	13.6	14.3
The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS) (Stock price)	16.82	25.44	33.99	39.85	44.82	50.73	27.11	47.51	57.85	50.64	59.04	62.55	56.36	39.82	56.1	64.58	49.51	56.6	53.61

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([8.6,9.2,10.3,11.1,11.6,11.7,12.5,13.4,13.6,14,14.9,14.9,14.4,13.7,13.7,13.6,13.4,13.6,14.3,])
array_2 = np.array([16.82,25.44,33.99,39.85,44.82,50.73,27.11,47.51,57.85,50.64,59.04,62.55,56.36,39.82,56.1,64.58,49.51,56.6,53.61,])
array_1_name = "Yogurt consumption"
array_2_name = "The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Yogurt consumption
Line chart for only The Bank of Nova Scotia's stock price (BNS)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Cultivating Cash: Exploring the Yoggity Yields of Yogurt Consumption on The Bank of Nova Scotia's Stock Price

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Correlation ID: 2638 · Black Variable ID: 568 · Red Variable ID: 1710


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