Spurious correlation #2,522 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and the second variable is The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and the second variable is The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The surge in hydroelectric power from Portugal somehow sparked a wave of enthusiasm for exercise physiology in South Carolina, leading to an unexpected influx of professionals in the field. It's as if the electrical currents carried a subliminal message to pump up and power through, creating a shocking connection between Portuguese energy and Southern wellness.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image of a breathtaking riverside view in Portugal where a magnificent steampunk-inspired hydroelectric dam harnesses the power of rushing water. The water molecules are depicted as electrifying sparks of energy, alight with an aura of excitement. Show the charged-up water flowing downstream across the ocean to the shores of South Carolina. Here, exercise physiologists are engaging in vigorous workouts, visibly inspired and invigorated by the contagious motivation radiating from the high-energy water. The scene captures the fusion of natural power and steampunk aesthetics, creating a mesmerizing visual narrative. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: 3D Pixar Style Cute 2D animation Steampunk Whimsical illustration Low poly
ChatGPT: Steampunk

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina, in the following situation: As Portugal harnessed more hydropower, the water molecules got supercharged and began zipping around with extra enthusiasm. This high-energy water somehow made its way to South Carolina, inspiring the exercise physiologists to amp up their own energy levels to match. It's like the ultimate case of contagious motivation – thanks, turbocharged hydro fitness!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a scenic riverside in Portugal, a powerful hydroelectric dam generates energy from rushing water, causing the water molecules to spark with excitement. As the charged-up water flows downstream, it crosses the ocean and arrives at the shores of South Carolina. Here, exercise physiologists work out with renewed vigor, inspired by the high-energy water's contagious motivation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Steampunk ] and depicting this scene: In a scenic riverside in Portugal, a powerful hydroelectric dam generates energy from rushing water, causing the water molecules to spark with excitement. As the charged-up water flows downstream, it crosses the ocean and arrives at the shores of South Carolina. Here, exercise physiologists work out with renewed vigor, inspired by the high-energy water's contagious motivation. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image of a breathtaking riverside view in Portugal where a magnificent steampunk-inspired hydroelectric dam harnesses the power of rushing water. The water molecules are depicted as electrifying sparks of energy, alight with an aura of excitement. Show the charged-up water flowing downstream across the ocean to the shores of South Carolina. Here, exercise physiologists are engaging in vigorous workouts, visibly inspired and invigorated by the contagious motivation radiating from the high-energy water. The scene captures the fusion of natural power and steampunk aesthetics, creating a mesmerizing visual narrative.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Hydopower energy generated in Portugal caused The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.05)

A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina

The Journal of Hydroelectric Hilarity

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the unanticipated but undeniably intriguing link between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Analyzing data sourced from the Energy Information Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period spanning 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 with p < 0.05 was observed. The findings not only shed light on the unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate elements but also elicit a chuckle or two when considering the unfolding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The seemingly unrelated fields of hydropower energy generation and exercise physiology have long remained in separate currents of academic inquiry. While hydropower conjures images of gushing rivers and spinning turbines, exercise physiology evokes visions of sweat-drenched individuals on treadmills and weight machines. However, could there be an undercurrent of connection between these two seemingly divergent subjects? Our research aims to delve into this hydropower-resistant, yet exercise-enduring, relationship.
As the saying goes, "Water under the bridge," and indeed, the flow of water, both literally and figuratively, plays a pivotal role in the generation of hydropower energy. Similarly, the flow of blood, sweat, and tears, albeit mostly metaphorical, forms the crux of exercise physiology. It is thus intriguing to contemplate whether there exists a parallel flow between the hydrological currents in Portugal and the professional pursuits of exercise physiologists in South Carolina.
The impetus for this investigation stems from a serendipitous observation made during a coffee-fueled brainstorming session—though it could also have been the caffeine-induced hallucination of an intricately connected world. Nevertheless, armed with the robustness of statistical analysis and the buoyancy of academic curiosity, we set out to uncover the tide that binds these ostensibly unrelated domains.
This research prompts us to ponder the possibility of a "flow-motion" between the hydroelectric power of Portugal and the exercise-centric pursuits of South Carolina. Through the empirical analysis of data sourced from reputable repositories, our objective is to not only elucidate this connection but also to infuse a dose of levity into the often arid landscape of academic research.
In the pages that follow, we embark on a delightful journey that explores the unexpected confluence of water and wellness, power and physiology, and perhaps, a sprinkling of aqua-antics and fitness finesse. So, tighten your academic life jackets and prepare to navigate the currents of correlation and causation as we steer through this hydro-hilarious exploration.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The emerging field of incorporating hydropower energy generation with exercise physiology has surprisingly garnered increasing interest among researchers. Smith (2015) observed a potential correlation between the abundance of hydropower resources in Portugal and the proliferation of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. This unexpected connection has since spurred a wave of inquiry, corroborated by Doe (2018), who highlighted the tangible yet puzzling link between hydrological dynamics and the professional landscape of exercise physiology. Jones (2020) further added weight to these observations by peeling back the layers of this curious association, illuminating the undercurrents that intertwine the hydroelectric potential of Portugal with the exercise-oriented fervor in South Carolina.

Delving beyond the realm of academic studies, "Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization" by Steven Solomon offers a comprehensive overview of water's influence on humanity, touching upon its potential impact on various facets of life, including energy and health. In a similar vein, "Sweat: The Illustrated History of Exercise" by Bill Hayes charts the evolution of exercise physiology through the ages, shedding light on the interconnectedness of physical activity and societal development. These seminal texts serve as anchor points for contextualizing the convergence of hydropower energy in Portugal and the cadre of exercise physiologists in South Carolina.

Turning toward fiction, "The Sound of Water: A Novel" by Sanjida Kay and "The End of Exercise" by Philip Maffetone, while not directly related to our research, evoke contemplation on the potentially harmonious relationship between the fluidity of water and the rhythm of physical exercise. These imaginative works invite readers to ponder the hidden currents that may underpin the enigmatic interplay of hydropower and exercise physiology.

In a more lighthearted approach to literature review, the authors went to great lengths to survey the unsuspecting sources of insight, resorting to perusing the backs of shampoo bottles in a desperate attempt to uncover the elusive yet elusive connection between water-based energy and exercise-centric professions. While yielding no tangible academic findings, this whimsical endeavor underscored the unconventional lengths to which researchers may go in the pursuit of knowledge, and perhaps, a bit of entertainment amidst scholarly pursuits.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Energy Information Administration and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2012 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the unanticipated but undeniably intriguing link between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Analyzing data sourced from the Energy Information Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period spanning 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 with p < 0.05 was observed. The findings not only shed light on the unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate elements but also elicit a chuckle or two when considering the unfolding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The seemingly unrelated fields of hydropower energy generation and exercise physiology have long remained in separate currents of academic inquiry. While hydropower conjures images of gushing rivers and spinning turbines, exercise physiology evokes visions of sweat-drenched individuals on treadmills and weight machines. However, could there be an undercurrent of connection between these two seemingly divergent subjects? Our research aims to delve into this hydropower-resistant, yet exercise-enduring, relationship.
As the saying goes, "Water under the bridge," and indeed, the flow of water, both literally and figuratively, plays a pivotal role in the generation of hydropower energy. Similarly, the flow of blood, sweat, and tears, albeit mostly metaphorical, forms the crux of exercise physiology. It is thus intriguing to contemplate whether there exists a parallel flow between the hydrological currents in Portugal and the professional pursuits of exercise physiologists in South Carolina.
The impetus for this investigation stems from a serendipitous observation made during a coffee-fueled brainstorming session—though it could also have been the caffeine-induced hallucination of an intricately connected world. Nevertheless, armed with the robustness of statistical analysis and the buoyancy of academic curiosity, we set out to uncover the tide that binds these ostensibly unrelated domains.
This research prompts us to ponder the possibility of a "flow-motion" between the hydroelectric power of Portugal and the exercise-centric pursuits of South Carolina. Through the empirical analysis of data sourced from reputable repositories, our objective is to not only elucidate this connection but also to infuse a dose of levity into the often arid landscape of academic research.
In the pages that follow, we embark on a delightful journey that explores the unexpected confluence of water and wellness, power and physiology, and perhaps, a sprinkling of aqua-antics and fitness finesse. So, tighten your academic life jackets and prepare to navigate the currents of correlation and causation as we steer through this hydro-hilarious exploration.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To investigate the hydro-hilarious connection between hydropower energy in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina, a series of methodological steps were undertaken.

Data Collection:
The first step involved trawling through the depths of the Energy Information Administration's database to reel in information on hydropower energy generation in Portugal. This data was sourced from annual reports, and while some may consider it a "stream" of data, others might argue it was more akin to a "flood." Meanwhile, the Bureau of Labor Statistics served as the trove for the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina, providing a "muscle-y" source of information that we were eager to "flex" in our analysis. We cast our net wide to capture data from 2012 to 2021, ensuring a comprehensive span to encompass any ebbs and flows in the variables of interest.

Data Analysis:
Once the data was hauled onto the research vessel, it underwent a rigorous process of scrubbing and cleaning to remove any potential statistical barnacles. The hydropower energy generation data was then juxtaposed against the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina, yielding a dataset that was ripe for correlation analysis. A veritable maelstrom of statistical software, including but not limited to SPSS and SAS, was employed to navigate the swirling currents of correlation coefficients and p-values. This process was carried out with the gravity of a scientific endeavor, but also with a playful ripple of statistical banter that only data aficionados could appreciate.

Statistical Techniques:
The analysis involved the calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient to ascertain the strength and direction of the relationship between hydropower energy in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Moreover, a p-value of less than 0.05 was utilized to determine the statistical significance of the observed correlation. This technique allowed us to discern whether the relationship between these variables was as robust as the turbines of a hydroelectric dam or as ephemeral as a passing shower.

Sensitivity Analysis:
In addition to the primary analysis, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the correlation under varying conditions. This involved manipulating the data parameters with the meticulousness of a hydrologist adjusting the flow rate of a river, ensuring that our findings held true under different scenarios. The goal was to affirm that our results were not merely a flash flood of statistical anomaly, but rather a tide that surged consistently across different analytical tides.

Interdisciplinary Validation:
To ensure the validity and generalizability of our findings, we sought input from experts spanning the fields of hydrology, energy economics, exercise physiology, and statistical analysis. This cross-disciplinary consultation not only provided a multi-faceted perspective but also yielded an ocean of amusing anecdotes and pun-laden commentary that illuminated the research endeavor with a vivaciously academic charm.

In conclusion, the methodology employed in this study stands as a testament to the rigorous yet buoyant approach taken to investigate the hydro-hilarious connection between hydropower energy in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. The research endeavor stemmed from a sense of scholarly curiosity with a garnish of whimsy, and the methodologies implemented sought to capture this spirited essence in the pursuit of knowledge.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Energy Information Administration and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2012 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.6528698, r-squared of 0.4262390, and p < 0.05.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the unanticipated but undeniably intriguing link between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Analyzing data sourced from the Energy Information Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period spanning 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 with p < 0.05 was observed. The findings not only shed light on the unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate elements but also elicit a chuckle or two when considering the unfolding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The seemingly unrelated fields of hydropower energy generation and exercise physiology have long remained in separate currents of academic inquiry. While hydropower conjures images of gushing rivers and spinning turbines, exercise physiology evokes visions of sweat-drenched individuals on treadmills and weight machines. However, could there be an undercurrent of connection between these two seemingly divergent subjects? Our research aims to delve into this hydropower-resistant, yet exercise-enduring, relationship.
As the saying goes, "Water under the bridge," and indeed, the flow of water, both literally and figuratively, plays a pivotal role in the generation of hydropower energy. Similarly, the flow of blood, sweat, and tears, albeit mostly metaphorical, forms the crux of exercise physiology. It is thus intriguing to contemplate whether there exists a parallel flow between the hydrological currents in Portugal and the professional pursuits of exercise physiologists in South Carolina.
The impetus for this investigation stems from a serendipitous observation made during a coffee-fueled brainstorming session—though it could also have been the caffeine-induced hallucination of an intricately connected world. Nevertheless, armed with the robustness of statistical analysis and the buoyancy of academic curiosity, we set out to uncover the tide that binds these ostensibly unrelated domains.
This research prompts us to ponder the possibility of a "flow-motion" between the hydroelectric power of Portugal and the exercise-centric pursuits of South Carolina. Through the empirical analysis of data sourced from reputable repositories, our objective is to not only elucidate this connection but also to infuse a dose of levity into the often arid landscape of academic research.
In the pages that follow, we embark on a delightful journey that explores the unexpected confluence of water and wellness, power and physiology, and perhaps, a sprinkling of aqua-antics and fitness finesse. So, tighten your academic life jackets and prepare to navigate the currents of correlation and causation as we steer through this hydro-hilarious exploration.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The data analysis revealed a significant correlation between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina over the period from 2012 to 2021. The calculated correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 and an r-squared value of 0.4262390 indicate a moderately strong linear relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. The p-value of less than 0.05 further emphasizes the statistical significance of this correlation, suggesting that it is not merely a splash in the pan.

Furthermore, the scatterplot depicted in Figure 1 portrays the compelling association between hydropower energy generation in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. The striking alignment of data points in the scatterplot underscores the synchronicity between these divergent domains, leaving us to ponder whether there is an undercurrent of connection that weaves through the fabric of these seemingly disparate elements.

While the findings may initially evoke a rhetorical eyebrow raise or a bemused chuckle, they underscore the unexpected yet undeniable link between the hydrodynamic forces in Portugal and the exercise-focused endeavors in South Carolina. This correlation prompts us to contemplate the concept of "current affairs," not in the traditional geopolitical sense, but in the unanticipated interplay of hydrological currents and professional pursuits.

In conclusion, this study not only illuminates an intriguing correlation between hydropower energy generation and the number of exercise physiologists but also adds a splash of whimsy to the often staid realm of scholarly inquiry. It beckons us to traverse the waters of unexpected correlations with a buoyant spirit and a ready appreciation for the humor that transcends the boundaries of academic investigation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the unanticipated but undeniably intriguing link between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Analyzing data sourced from the Energy Information Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period spanning 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 with p < 0.05 was observed. The findings not only shed light on the unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate elements but also elicit a chuckle or two when considering the unfolding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The emerging field of incorporating hydropower energy generation with exercise physiology has surprisingly garnered increasing interest among researchers. Smith (2015) observed a potential correlation between the abundance of hydropower resources in Portugal and the proliferation of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. This unexpected connection has since spurred a wave of inquiry, corroborated by Doe (2018), who highlighted the tangible yet puzzling link between hydrological dynamics and the professional landscape of exercise physiology. Jones (2020) further added weight to these observations by peeling back the layers of this curious association, illuminating the undercurrents that intertwine the hydroelectric potential of Portugal with the exercise-oriented fervor in South Carolina.
Delving beyond the realm of academic studies, "Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization" by Steven Solomon offers a comprehensive overview of water's influence on humanity, touching upon its potential impact on various facets of life, including energy and health. In a similar vein, "Sweat: The Illustrated History of Exercise" by Bill Hayes charts the evolution of exercise physiology through the ages, shedding light on the interconnectedness of physical activity and societal development. These seminal texts serve as anchor points for contextualizing the convergence of hydropower energy in Portugal and the cadre of exercise physiologists in South Carolina.
Turning toward fiction, "The Sound of Water: A Novel" by Sanjida Kay and "The End of Exercise" by Philip Maffetone, while not directly related to our research, evoke contemplation on the potentially harmonious relationship between the fluidity of water and the rhythm of physical exercise. These imaginative works invite readers to ponder the hidden currents that may underpin the enigmatic interplay of hydropower and exercise physiology.
In a more lighthearted approach to literature review, the authors went to great lengths to survey the unsuspecting sources of insight, resorting to perusing the backs of shampoo bottles in a desperate attempt to uncover the elusive yet elusive connection between water-based energy and exercise-centric professions. While yielding no tangible academic findings, this whimsical endeavor underscored the unconventional lengths to which researchers may go in the pursuit of knowledge, and perhaps, a bit of entertainment amidst scholarly pursuits.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a significant correlation between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina over the period from 2012 to 2021. The calculated correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 and an r-squared value of 0.4262390 indicate a moderately strong linear relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. The p-value of less than 0.05 further emphasizes the statistical significance of this correlation, suggesting that it is not merely a splash in the pan.
Furthermore, the scatterplot depicted in Figure 1 portrays the compelling association between hydropower energy generation in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. The striking alignment of data points in the scatterplot underscores the synchronicity between these divergent domains, leaving us to ponder whether there is an undercurrent of connection that weaves through the fabric of these seemingly disparate elements.
While the findings may initially evoke a rhetorical eyebrow raise or a bemused chuckle, they underscore the unexpected yet undeniable link between the hydrodynamic forces in Portugal and the exercise-focused endeavors in South Carolina. This correlation prompts us to contemplate the concept of "current affairs," not in the traditional geopolitical sense, but in the unanticipated interplay of hydrological currents and professional pursuits.
In conclusion, this study not only illuminates an intriguing correlation between hydropower energy generation and the number of exercise physiologists but also adds a splash of whimsy to the often staid realm of scholarly inquiry. It beckons us to traverse the waters of unexpected correlations with a buoyant spirit and a ready appreciation for the humor that transcends the boundaries of academic investigation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

The observed correlation between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina presents a hydro-hilarious enigma, echoing the sentiments echoed by Smith (2015), Doe (2018), and Jones (2020). The empirical findings not only corroborate the earlier suggestions of this unexpected yet astoundingly robust relationship but also invite a water-tight musing on the underlying forces at play. The moderately strong linear relationship elucidated by the calculated correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 and the r-squared value of 0.4262390 lends credence to the notion that there is more than just a trickle of connectivity between these seemingly unrelated variables. The statistical significance, as denoted by the p-value of less than 0.05, leaves little room for a watered-down interpretation of these findings.

The alignment of data points in the scatterplot, amidst the fluid backdrop of Figure 1, cinches the narrative of this captivating correlation, prompting us to dive into a deeper understanding of the undercurrents that bind the hydroelectric potential of Portugal and the exercise-oriented effervescence in South Carolina. The convergence of these divergent elements may evoke a wry smile or a bemused nod, but it also serves as a poignant reminder of the serendipitous connections that course through the tapestry of human endeavor, not unlike a playful ripple on the surface of a pond.

Building on the foundational works of "Water: The Epic Struggle for Wealth, Power, and Civilization" and "Sweat: The Illustrated History of Exercise," this study sheds light on the potential interplay between the fluidity of water and the rhythm of physical exercise, adding a sprinkle of academic levity to the often somber landscape of scholarly discourse. The unyielding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina beckons us to navigate the currents of unexpected correlations with a buoyant spirit and a ready appreciation for the humor that transcends the boundaries of academic investigation.

In unraveling this hydro-hilarious connection, we are reminded of the enigmatic, yet whimsical nature of the scholarly pursuit, wherein the most unexpected of associations can leave us not only pondering the statistical significance but also chuckling at the ironic profundity of the findings. This study serves as a playful yet potent reminder that amidst the rigors of research, there often lies a current of frivolity that, much like a well-timed jest, elicits not just understanding but also amusement.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Hydopower energy generated in Portugal and The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper examines the unanticipated but undeniably intriguing link between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Analyzing data sourced from the Energy Information Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period spanning 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 with p < 0.05 was observed. The findings not only shed light on the unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate elements but also elicit a chuckle or two when considering the unfolding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The seemingly unrelated fields of hydropower energy generation and exercise physiology have long remained in separate currents of academic inquiry. While hydropower conjures images of gushing rivers and spinning turbines, exercise physiology evokes visions of sweat-drenched individuals on treadmills and weight machines. However, could there be an undercurrent of connection between these two seemingly divergent subjects? Our research aims to delve into this hydropower-resistant, yet exercise-enduring, relationship.
As the saying goes, "Water under the bridge," and indeed, the flow of water, both literally and figuratively, plays a pivotal role in the generation of hydropower energy. Similarly, the flow of blood, sweat, and tears, albeit mostly metaphorical, forms the crux of exercise physiology. It is thus intriguing to contemplate whether there exists a parallel flow between the hydrological currents in Portugal and the professional pursuits of exercise physiologists in South Carolina.
The impetus for this investigation stems from a serendipitous observation made during a coffee-fueled brainstorming session—though it could also have been the caffeine-induced hallucination of an intricately connected world. Nevertheless, armed with the robustness of statistical analysis and the buoyancy of academic curiosity, we set out to uncover the tide that binds these ostensibly unrelated domains.
This research prompts us to ponder the possibility of a "flow-motion" between the hydroelectric power of Portugal and the exercise-centric pursuits of South Carolina. Through the empirical analysis of data sourced from reputable repositories, our objective is to not only elucidate this connection but also to infuse a dose of levity into the often arid landscape of academic research.
In the pages that follow, we embark on a delightful journey that explores the unexpected confluence of water and wellness, power and physiology, and perhaps, a sprinkling of aqua-antics and fitness finesse. So, tighten your academic life jackets and prepare to navigate the currents of correlation and causation as we steer through this hydro-hilarious exploration.

[[RESULTS]]
The data analysis revealed a significant correlation between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina over the period from 2012 to 2021. The calculated correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 and an r-squared value of 0.4262390 indicate a moderately strong linear relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. The p-value of less than 0.05 further emphasizes the statistical significance of this correlation, suggesting that it is not merely a splash in the pan.
Furthermore, the scatterplot depicted in Figure 1 portrays the compelling association between hydropower energy generation in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. The striking alignment of data points in the scatterplot underscores the synchronicity between these divergent domains, leaving us to ponder whether there is an undercurrent of connection that weaves through the fabric of these seemingly disparate elements.
While the findings may initially evoke a rhetorical eyebrow raise or a bemused chuckle, they underscore the unexpected yet undeniable link between the hydrodynamic forces in Portugal and the exercise-focused endeavors in South Carolina. This correlation prompts us to contemplate the concept of "current affairs," not in the traditional geopolitical sense, but in the unanticipated interplay of hydrological currents and professional pursuits.
In conclusion, this study not only illuminates an intriguing correlation between hydropower energy generation and the number of exercise physiologists but also adds a splash of whimsy to the often staid realm of scholarly inquiry. It beckons us to traverse the waters of unexpected correlations with a buoyant spirit and a ready appreciation for the humor that transcends the boundaries of academic investigation.

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Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In this hydro-hilarious exploration, we have unraveled an unsuspected association between the hydroelectric forces in Portugal and the exercise-oriented pursuits in South Carolina. The statistically significant correlation coefficient and the visually striking scatterplot not only provide empirical evidence of this unexpected connection but also prompt us to ponder the aquatic undertow that seems to bind these distant domains. It appears that there is more than meets the eye, or in this case, more than meets the hydrodynamic turbine.

This investigation, while initially surfacing as an academic whimsy, has, in fact, buoyed our understanding of the interconnected currents that flow through seemingly unrelated fields. It encourages us to don our academic life jackets and navigate the uncharted waters of unanticipated correlations, with a generous sprinkling of levity and a penchant for puns that reflect the enduring ebb and flow of scholarly pursuits.

As we bid adieu to this hydro-hilarious journey, it is evident that further research in this domain would be akin to beating a dead fish – unnecessary. The ripples of this correlation have been sufficiently probed, and the witticisms stemming from this unlikely connection have been delightfully exhausted. It is time to conclude that, in the words of the great philosopher, "Water you waiting for?," no further investigation is warranted.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Hydroelectric Hilarity

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

Society for Quirky Energy Research and Analysis

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina with an abstract of This paper examines the unanticipated but undeniably intriguing link between hydropower energy generated in Portugal and the number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina. Analyzing data sourced from the Energy Information Administration and the Bureau of Labor Statistics for the period spanning 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.6528698 with p < 0.05 was observed. The findings not only shed light on the unexpected interplay between these seemingly disparate elements but also elicit a chuckle or two when considering the unfolding connection between the energetic currents harnessed in Portugal and the exercise-centric professionals in South Carolina.

ChatGPT:

Hydropower energy, Portugal, exercise physiologists, South Carolina, correlation, Energy Information Administration, Bureau of Labor Statistics, correlation coefficient, renewable energy, exercise professionals, energy consumption, labor market trends

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Hydopower energy generated in Portugal
Detailed data title: Total hydopower energy generated in Portugal in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Hydopower energy generated in Portugal

The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of exercise physiologists in South Carolina
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina

Correlation r = 0.6528698 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.4262390 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 42.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Hydopower energy generated in Portugal) over the 10 years from 2012 through 2021.

p < 0.05, which statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.0407.^Show 0.0407011030984255340000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.65 in 4.07% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 25 random variables^Note Which I absolutely did.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.04, 0.91 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Hydopower energy generated in Portugal (Billion kWh)	5.589	13.652	15.471	8.615	15.608	5.79	12.316	8.6526	12.0826	11.8465
The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina (Exercise Physiologists)	70	80	120	110	110	70	80	80	90	100

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([5.589,13.652,15.471,8.615,15.608,5.79,12.316,8.6526,12.0826,11.8465,])
array_2 = np.array([70,80,120,110,110,70,80,80,90,100,])
array_1_name = "Hydopower energy generated in Portugal"
array_2_name = "The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
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Line chart for only Hydopower energy generated in Portugal
Line chart for only The number of exercise physiologists in South Carolina
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: A Hydro-hilarious Connection: Exploring the Correlation between Hydropower Energy in Portugal and the Number of Exercise Physiologists in South Carolina

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Correlation ID: 2522 · Black Variable ID: 23906 · Red Variable ID: 19472


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