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AI explanation

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Setting: Create an image of a minimalist brutalist playground in Louisiana, with towering concrete structures and simple, geometric play equipment. The playground is bathed in warm, golden sunlight, showcasing the children's joyful play. Characters: Visualize a diverse group of children playing and laughing together in the playground. They are of various ethnicities and genders, reflecting the rich diversity of Louisiana. Some of the children are engaged in games like tag, jump rope, and hide-and-seek, all completely immersed in their playful activities. Emotion: Capture the carefree and exuberant nature of the children's play, portraying their genuine happiness and freedom in the open space. Despite the societal changes, the children's joy and innocence remain untouched and resilient. Subtle Symbolism: Incorporate subtle visual cues to indicate the societal shifts mentioned, such as a fading "Baby" name engraved on an old piece of playground equipment and a decrease in the number of special education teachers at the nearby school. These symbols should blend seamlessly into the overall minimalist brutalist aesthetic, prompting thoughtful reflection on the evolving societal landscape. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

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This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Baby and The number of middle school special education teachers in Louisiana. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Minimalism Surrealism Data cyber art a meme Brutalism
ChatGPT: Brutalism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Baby and The number of middle school special education teachers in Louisiana, in the following situation: Causative Explanation: "New parents were less likely to name their children 'Baby,' leading to a decrease in the number of children with that name. As a result, there were fewer students needing special education services, which ultimately led to a decreased demand for middle school special education teachers in Louisiana." Funny one-liner: "Looks like the Baby boom went from cribs to classrooms!". Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a playground in Louisiana, a group of children with varied names plays happily. Among them, only a few are named "Baby," and the name is becoming less popular among new parents. Meanwhile, in a nearby school, there are fewer middle school special education teachers, as there is a decrease in the number of students needing their services. The playground is bustling with activity, but the name "Baby" is becoming less common, and the demand for middle school special education teachers in Louisiana is decreasing as a result.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Brutalism ] and depicting this scene: In a playground in Louisiana, a group of children with varied names plays happily. Among them, only a few are named "Baby," and the name is becoming less popular among new parents. Meanwhile, in a nearby school, there are fewer middle school special education teachers, as there is a decrease in the number of students needing their services. The playground is bustling with activity, but the name "Baby" is becoming less common, and the demand for middle school special education teachers in Louisiana is decreasing as a result. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Setting: Create an image of a minimalist brutalist playground in Louisiana, with towering concrete structures and simple, geometric play equipment. The playground is bathed in warm, golden sunlight, showcasing the children's joyful play. Characters: Visualize a diverse group of children playing and laughing together in the playground. They are of various ethnicities and genders, reflecting the rich diversity of Louisiana. Some of the children are engaged in games like tag, jump rope, and hide-and-seek, all completely immersed in their playful activities. Emotion: Capture the carefree and exuberant nature of the children's play, portraying their genuine happiness and freedom in the open space. Despite the societal changes, the children's joy and innocence remain untouched and resilient. Subtle Symbolism: Incorporate subtle visual cues to indicate the societal shifts mentioned, such as a fading "Baby" name engraved on an old piece of playground equipment and a decrease in the number of special education teachers at the nearby school. These symbols should blend seamlessly into the overall minimalist brutalist aesthetic, prompting thoughtful reflection on the evolving societal landscape.

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*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

AI academic paper

The Surname Syndrome: A Statistical Analysis of Baby Names and Special Education Staffing in Louisiana Middle Schools The International Journal of Educational Statistics and Social Dynamics Jan 2024 Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

Problem variable:	Which variable has a problem? Popularity of the first name Baby The number of middle school special education teachers in Louisiana Neither / both
Issue:	What is the issue? The data is incorrect The chart isn't displaying properly There is a typo The source link is incorrect A calculation is wrong Something else
Additional details: Optional
Confirm you are a human:

Data details

Why this works

1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
   no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
   p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([490,436,313,55,46,47,42,41,33,32,36,28,41,39,63,66,60,47,52,26,])
array_2 = np.array([3840,2940,2360,1230,430,240,860,1330,1590,1930,1700,1630,1410,1620,1610,1610,1290,1380,1200,1360,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Baby"
array_2_name = "The number of middle school special education teachers in Louisiana"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

• High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.
  
  If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.
  
  Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
  
• High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
• Alternative high resolution line chart
• Scatterplot
• Portable line chart (png)
• Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
• Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Baby
• Line chart for only The number of middle school special education teachers in Louisiana
• AI-generated correlation image
• The spurious research paper: The Surname Syndrome: A Statistical Analysis of Baby Names and Special Education Staffing in Louisiana Middle Schools