Spurious correlation #2,292 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Cooper and the second variable is Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Cooper and the second variable is Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). The chart goes from 2002 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the name Cooper gained popularity, more parents were inspired by the idea of their child growing up to be as reliable and hardworking as the quintessential "Cooper." This led to a generation of future employees who were diligent and driven, including those at the Hess Corporation. As the company's workforce became increasingly filled with Coopers, their productivity and efficiency skyrocketed, ultimately boosting the company's stock price. Remember, a "Cooper" a day keeps the stock price okay!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image of a black-and-white newspaper illustration that features a classroom bulletin board at the center, with the most popular first names displayed. In large, bold letters, "Cooper" is at the top of the list. Behind the bulletin board, a digital stock market ticker shows Hess Corporation's stock price rising steadily, adding a sense of activity and growth to the scene. Keep the overall image simple and free of any additional clutter, focusing on the key elements of the classroom and the stock market data. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: An image that looks like it is a scene from 'Star Wars' A black-and-white newspaper illustration 3D Pixar Style Cute cartoon Futuristic
ChatGPT: A black-and-white newspaper illustration

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the scene, a classroom bulletin board displays the most popular first names, with "Cooper" in large, bold letters at the top. Next to it, a digital stock market ticker shows Hess Corporation's stock price rising steadily in the background.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A black-and-white newspaper illustration ] and depicting this scene: In the scene, a classroom bulletin board displays the most popular first names, with "Cooper" in large, bold letters at the top. Next to it, a digital stock market ticker shows Hess Corporation's stock price rising steadily in the background. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image of a black-and-white newspaper illustration that features a classroom bulletin board at the center, with the most popular first names displayed. In large, bold letters, "Cooper" is at the top of the list. Behind the bulletin board, a digital stock market ticker shows Hess Corporation's stock price rising steadily, adding a sense of activity and growth to the scene. Keep the overall image simple and free of any additional clutter, focusing on the key elements of the classroom and the stock market data.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Cooper caused Hess Corporation's stock price (HES) to increase.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name Cooper on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

The Journal of Financial Nomenclature

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name "Cooper" on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the curious connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and its impact on the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). We embrace the pun-tential of this study to shed light on the stock market dynamics. Our research team utilized data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to analyze the association between the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock performance from 2002 to 2022, quizzically asking whether a name can "drill" its way into stock movements.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price. This correlation raises the question: could a name truly impact corporate fortunes, or is it merely a "Copper-nickel" coincidence? To add some levity to the discussion, we couldn't resist, because, you know, Hess is in the oil and gas business.

Finally, we tinker with the possibility of a "Cooper Effect" on stock market behavior, pondering whether other names might also have an influence. Our study contributes to the scholarly dialogue on the whimsical interplay between nomenclature and financial markets, providing both amusement and insight to researchers and investors alike. After all, what's a research paper without a few clever twists and a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor?

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The connection between names and destiny has been a perennial topic of interest, as people have long pondered the potential influence of nomenclature on one's path in life. In the realm of finance, however, the notion that a person's name could impact the stock price of a corporation may seem far-fetched. Nevertheless, our investigation aims to unravel the peculiar correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). It's a study that truly "Coop"-erates with the unexpected.
The inspiration for this research emerged from a jesting comment during a coffee break, where a colleague quipped, "I wonder if the popularity of the name 'Cooper' is somehow linked to the stock performance of Hess Corporation. After all, it's all about barrels of oil and 'Cooper'-age, isn't it?" Little did we realize, this jest born from caffeinated banter would ultimately lead to a rigorous examination of the data to ascertain whether there was more than mere "barrel"ly a connection between the two entities.
To embark on the investigation, data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) were leveraged to conduct a comprehensive analysis spanning two decades. The correlation unearthed between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock performance of Hess Corporation was nothing short of remarkable. It makes one wonder if there's a "Cooper-ate conspiracy" at play in the stock market.
Our findings are not just a testament to the potential impact of a name on the financial sphere but also a reminder not to underestimate the significance of seemingly trivial factors. After all, as they say, "the Devil's in the details," or should we say, "the Copperhead is in the HES stock price"? We couldn't resist that one!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The study of the correlation between personal names and various aspects of life has a long and rich tradition in research. In "Smith et al.'s study," the authors find a link between the popularity of certain names and career choices, suggesting that one's name may hold subtle influences on life decisions. Similarly, Doe's research delves into the impact of names on social interactions and self-perception, revealing intriguing insights into the psychology of nomenclature.

But, as we transition from serious research to some delightful puns, let's not forget that it's all in good "Cooper"-ation, isn't it?

In "The Power of Names" by Alfred Pounder, the author explores the significance of names in shaping identity and perception, raising thought-provoking questions about the influence of nomenclature on societal roles. This book will have you saying, "I 'Cooper'ate with the pun power of names!"

On the fictional side, "The Cooper Conundrum" by Penelope Page presents an imaginative tale where a character named Cooper finds himself embroiled in a stock market mystery. Though fictitious, the story aptly captures the allure of unexpected connections and mysterious influences, much like our own exploration into the "Cooper" conundrum.

In an attempt to inject a bit of levity into our literature review, it's rumored that Dr. Seuss's "The Cooper Chronicles" contains hidden secrets about stock market fluctuations and the whimsical impact of names. But don't take our word for it. We might have conducted this literature review by deciphering the coded messages hidden in CVS receipts. After all, who's to say where real academic insight begins and Dr. Seuss's rhymes end?

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2002 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name "Cooper" on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the curious connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and its impact on the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). We embrace the pun-tential of this study to shed light on the stock market dynamics. Our research team utilized data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to analyze the association between the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock performance from 2002 to 2022, quizzically asking whether a name can "drill" its way into stock movements.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price. This correlation raises the question: could a name truly impact corporate fortunes, or is it merely a "Copper-nickel" coincidence? To add some levity to the discussion, we couldn't resist, because, you know, Hess is in the oil and gas business.

Finally, we tinker with the possibility of a "Cooper Effect" on stock market behavior, pondering whether other names might also have an influence. Our study contributes to the scholarly dialogue on the whimsical interplay between nomenclature and financial markets, providing both amusement and insight to researchers and investors alike. After all, what's a research paper without a few clever twists and a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor?

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The connection between names and destiny has been a perennial topic of interest, as people have long pondered the potential influence of nomenclature on one's path in life. In the realm of finance, however, the notion that a person's name could impact the stock price of a corporation may seem far-fetched. Nevertheless, our investigation aims to unravel the peculiar correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). It's a study that truly "Coop"-erates with the unexpected.
The inspiration for this research emerged from a jesting comment during a coffee break, where a colleague quipped, "I wonder if the popularity of the name 'Cooper' is somehow linked to the stock performance of Hess Corporation. After all, it's all about barrels of oil and 'Cooper'-age, isn't it?" Little did we realize, this jest born from caffeinated banter would ultimately lead to a rigorous examination of the data to ascertain whether there was more than mere "barrel"ly a connection between the two entities.
To embark on the investigation, data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) were leveraged to conduct a comprehensive analysis spanning two decades. The correlation unearthed between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock performance of Hess Corporation was nothing short of remarkable. It makes one wonder if there's a "Cooper-ate conspiracy" at play in the stock market.
Our findings are not just a testament to the potential impact of a name on the financial sphere but also a reminder not to underestimate the significance of seemingly trivial factors. After all, as they say, "the Devil's in the details," or should we say, "the Copperhead is in the HES stock price"? We couldn't resist that one!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To humorously explore the connection between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price (HES), we meticulously crafted a zany but scientifically sound research methodology. Our goal was to paint an accurate and intriguing picture of this curious correlation, without making our methods as antic as a clown car.

First, we scoured the vast expanse of the internet, venturing into the wild, wild web like intrepid explorers on a quest for data gold. We tapped into the treasure troves of the US Social Security Administration's historical records and delved into the labyrinths of LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to extract the necessary data. It was akin to maneuvering through a jungle of numbers and statistics, armed only with our wit and a strong internet connection.

Next, we sauntered into the realm of statistical analysis, armed with a trusty calculator and a plethora of software tools. We tallied the occurrences of the name "Cooper" and scrutinized Hess Corporation's stock performance with the fervor of a detective hot on the trail of a stock market mystery. It was a bit like solving a financial puzzle, except the pieces were named "Cooper" and "HES" instead of "Clue" and "Monopoly money."

We then employed a series of complex statistical tests, including the correlation coefficient calculation and hypothesis testing, to unearth the relationship between the name "Cooper" and the stock price of Hess Corporation. It's worth noting that these tests were conducted with the utmost seriousness, despite the occasional urge to slip in a "Cooper-tino" joke to amuse the research team.

In addition, we indulged in the creation of visually appealing graphs and charts, designed to liven up the presentation of our findings and add a sprinkle of pizzazz to the otherwise serious realm of finance and nomenclature. We aimed to make the data as visually enticing as a museum exhibit, minus the ominous "Do Not Touch" signs.

Finally, to validate our findings and ensure the robustness of our conclusions, we enlisted the help of a panel of expert statisticians and finance gurus. Their rigorous review and feedback provided a valuable layer of quality control, akin to having a team of "Cooper-pilots" navigating the treacherous terrain of empirical research.

With these methods in place, we embarked on a scholarly adventure to unravel the mysterious "Cooper Effect" and its impact on Hess Corporation's stock price, armed with wit, whimsy, and a passion for uncovering unlikely connections.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2002 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.8103589, r-squared of 0.6566816, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name "Cooper" on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the curious connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and its impact on the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). We embrace the pun-tential of this study to shed light on the stock market dynamics. Our research team utilized data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to analyze the association between the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock performance from 2002 to 2022, quizzically asking whether a name can "drill" its way into stock movements.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price. This correlation raises the question: could a name truly impact corporate fortunes, or is it merely a "Copper-nickel" coincidence? To add some levity to the discussion, we couldn't resist, because, you know, Hess is in the oil and gas business.

Finally, we tinker with the possibility of a "Cooper Effect" on stock market behavior, pondering whether other names might also have an influence. Our study contributes to the scholarly dialogue on the whimsical interplay between nomenclature and financial markets, providing both amusement and insight to researchers and investors alike. After all, what's a research paper without a few clever twists and a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor?

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The connection between names and destiny has been a perennial topic of interest, as people have long pondered the potential influence of nomenclature on one's path in life. In the realm of finance, however, the notion that a person's name could impact the stock price of a corporation may seem far-fetched. Nevertheless, our investigation aims to unravel the peculiar correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). It's a study that truly "Coop"-erates with the unexpected.
The inspiration for this research emerged from a jesting comment during a coffee break, where a colleague quipped, "I wonder if the popularity of the name 'Cooper' is somehow linked to the stock performance of Hess Corporation. After all, it's all about barrels of oil and 'Cooper'-age, isn't it?" Little did we realize, this jest born from caffeinated banter would ultimately lead to a rigorous examination of the data to ascertain whether there was more than mere "barrel"ly a connection between the two entities.
To embark on the investigation, data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) were leveraged to conduct a comprehensive analysis spanning two decades. The correlation unearthed between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock performance of Hess Corporation was nothing short of remarkable. It makes one wonder if there's a "Cooper-ate conspiracy" at play in the stock market.
Our findings are not just a testament to the potential impact of a name on the financial sphere but also a reminder not to underestimate the significance of seemingly trivial factors. After all, as they say, "the Devil's in the details," or should we say, "the Copperhead is in the HES stock price"? We couldn't resist that one!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The correlation analysis between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES) from 2002 to 2022 produced a correlation coefficient of 0.8103589, with an r-squared of 0.6566816, and a p-value less than 0.01. This correlation suggests a strong, positive relationship between the two variables, leaving us to wonder if naming your child Cooper might just be the ultimate stock tip.

Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock price of Hess Corporation. The plot showcases a distinct pattern, almost like a fingerprint, leaving little doubt about the intriguing connection between the two. It's as if the stock price and name popularity were meant to be together, like peanut butter and jelly, or, dare I say, Cooper and HES.

Our findings raise some tantalizing questions. Does the name "Cooper" carry some mysterious financial aura, akin to a Midas touch, or is this correlation simply a statistical fluke? It's like the old joke: "What do you call a fake noodle? An impasta." Could it be that the Cooper-HES connection is more than just an "impostor" correlation? After all, in finance, nothing happens "Just for 'Coppers.'"

The statistical significance of the correlation prompts us to contemplate the broader implications for naming and financial markets. Could there be a potential "Cooper Effect," where other names wield similar influence on stock performance? It's an avenue of investigation that may lead to uncovering an entire "Alphabet Stock Conspiracy."

These results contribute to a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the intertwining of nomenclature and financial markets. They underscore the importance of considering unconventional factors in understanding stock price movements and stimulate further research into the whimsical dynamics of the market. In the immortal words of Shakespeare, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose, by any other name would smell as sweet," or in this case, "What's in a stock price? That which we call HES, by any other name would rise as sweetly."

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name "Cooper" on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the curious connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and its impact on the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). We embrace the pun-tential of this study to shed light on the stock market dynamics. Our research team utilized data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to analyze the association between the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock performance from 2002 to 2022, quizzically asking whether a name can "drill" its way into stock movements.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price. This correlation raises the question: could a name truly impact corporate fortunes, or is it merely a "Copper-nickel" coincidence? To add some levity to the discussion, we couldn't resist, because, you know, Hess is in the oil and gas business.

Finally, we tinker with the possibility of a "Cooper Effect" on stock market behavior, pondering whether other names might also have an influence. Our study contributes to the scholarly dialogue on the whimsical interplay between nomenclature and financial markets, providing both amusement and insight to researchers and investors alike. After all, what's a research paper without a few clever twists and a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor?

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The study of the correlation between personal names and various aspects of life has a long and rich tradition in research. In "Smith et al.'s study," the authors find a link between the popularity of certain names and career choices, suggesting that one's name may hold subtle influences on life decisions. Similarly, Doe's research delves into the impact of names on social interactions and self-perception, revealing intriguing insights into the psychology of nomenclature.
But, as we transition from serious research to some delightful puns, let's not forget that it's all in good "Cooper"-ation, isn't it?
In "The Power of Names" by Alfred Pounder, the author explores the significance of names in shaping identity and perception, raising thought-provoking questions about the influence of nomenclature on societal roles. This book will have you saying, "I 'Cooper'ate with the pun power of names!"
On the fictional side, "The Cooper Conundrum" by Penelope Page presents an imaginative tale where a character named Cooper finds himself embroiled in a stock market mystery. Though fictitious, the story aptly captures the allure of unexpected connections and mysterious influences, much like our own exploration into the "Cooper" conundrum.
In an attempt to inject a bit of levity into our literature review, it's rumored that Dr. Seuss's "The Cooper Chronicles" contains hidden secrets about stock market fluctuations and the whimsical impact of names. But don't take our word for it. We might have conducted this literature review by deciphering the coded messages hidden in CVS receipts. After all, who's to say where real academic insight begins and Dr. Seuss's rhymes end?

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES) from 2002 to 2022 produced a correlation coefficient of 0.8103589, with an r-squared of 0.6566816, and a p-value less than 0.01. This correlation suggests a strong, positive relationship between the two variables, leaving us to wonder if naming your child Cooper might just be the ultimate stock tip.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock price of Hess Corporation. The plot showcases a distinct pattern, almost like a fingerprint, leaving little doubt about the intriguing connection between the two. It's as if the stock price and name popularity were meant to be together, like peanut butter and jelly, or, dare I say, Cooper and HES.
Our findings raise some tantalizing questions. Does the name "Cooper" carry some mysterious financial aura, akin to a Midas touch, or is this correlation simply a statistical fluke? It's like the old joke: "What do you call a fake noodle? An impasta." Could it be that the Cooper-HES connection is more than just an "impostor" correlation? After all, in finance, nothing happens "Just for 'Coppers.'"
The statistical significance of the correlation prompts us to contemplate the broader implications for naming and financial markets. Could there be a potential "Cooper Effect," where other names wield similar influence on stock performance? It's an avenue of investigation that may lead to uncovering an entire "Alphabet Stock Conspiracy."
These results contribute to a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the intertwining of nomenclature and financial markets. They underscore the importance of considering unconventional factors in understanding stock price movements and stimulate further research into the whimsical dynamics of the market. In the immortal words of Shakespeare, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose, by any other name would smell as sweet," or in this case, "What's in a stock price? That which we call HES, by any other name would rise as sweetly."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study sought to uncover the enigmatic correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). The robust correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value of less than 0.01 provided compelling evidence of a substantial and statistically significant relationship. It seems that when it comes to financial markets, the "Cooper" does not merely spoil the broth but catalyzes a bullish run. And speaking of broths, did you hear about the stock market chef? He started the day with a strong stock, but it was a "souper" finish.

Our findings resonate with prior research in the quirky realm of name influence. Just as Smith et al. unveiled the subtle impact of names on career choices, our study adds a twist by highlighting a potential direct connection between a popular first name and a corporation's stock price. It's as if every Cooper out there is unknowingly exercising some "stock option." If you'd like to diversify your portfolio, maybe consider naming your next child Cooper. After all, who wouldn't want a stock whisperer in the family?

The compelling correlation we unearthed prompts us to ponder the broader ramifications for financial markets. Could there be a "Cooper Effect" akin to the "Butterfly Effect," where the popularity of certain names exerts a mysterious pull on stock performance? It's a hypothesis that may reveal an entirely new dimension to quantifying market behavior, and one that could potentially lead to a whole new "stock-naming" convention.

It's worth noting that our study brings an element of whimsicality to the traditionally staid world of financial market analysis, demonstrating the unanticipated ways in which nomenclature can intertwine with economic metrics. This lighthearted approach invites researchers and investors alike to contemplate the influence of unconventional factors in market dynamics. Just think, in an alternate universe, we might be analyzing the correlation between the name "Rockefeller" and oil prices, although it feels like that would be more of an on-the-nose situation.

In sum, our study contributes a comical yet thought-provoking dimension to the literature on the interplay between names and financial markets. It beckons further exploration into unconventional determinants of stock price movements, while adding a touch of whimsy to the serious pursuit of financial analysis. As we delve deeper into the rabbit hole of market mysteries, remember, there's always room for a good pun, or a bad one for that matter.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Cooper and Hess Corporation's stock price (HES). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name "Cooper" on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we delve into the curious connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and its impact on the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). We embrace the pun-tential of this study to shed light on the stock market dynamics. Our research team utilized data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to analyze the association between the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock performance from 2002 to 2022, quizzically asking whether a name can "drill" its way into stock movements.

Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price. This correlation raises the question: could a name truly impact corporate fortunes, or is it merely a "Copper-nickel" coincidence? To add some levity to the discussion, we couldn't resist, because, you know, Hess is in the oil and gas business.

Finally, we tinker with the possibility of a "Cooper Effect" on stock market behavior, pondering whether other names might also have an influence. Our study contributes to the scholarly dialogue on the whimsical interplay between nomenclature and financial markets, providing both amusement and insight to researchers and investors alike. After all, what's a research paper without a few clever twists and a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor?

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The connection between names and destiny has been a perennial topic of interest, as people have long pondered the potential influence of nomenclature on one's path in life. In the realm of finance, however, the notion that a person's name could impact the stock price of a corporation may seem far-fetched. Nevertheless, our investigation aims to unravel the peculiar correlation between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). It's a study that truly "Coop"-erates with the unexpected.
The inspiration for this research emerged from a jesting comment during a coffee break, where a colleague quipped, "I wonder if the popularity of the name 'Cooper' is somehow linked to the stock performance of Hess Corporation. After all, it's all about barrels of oil and 'Cooper'-age, isn't it?" Little did we realize, this jest born from caffeinated banter would ultimately lead to a rigorous examination of the data to ascertain whether there was more than mere "barrel"ly a connection between the two entities.
To embark on the investigation, data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) were leveraged to conduct a comprehensive analysis spanning two decades. The correlation unearthed between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock performance of Hess Corporation was nothing short of remarkable. It makes one wonder if there's a "Cooper-ate conspiracy" at play in the stock market.
Our findings are not just a testament to the potential impact of a name on the financial sphere but also a reminder not to underestimate the significance of seemingly trivial factors. After all, as they say, "the Devil's in the details," or should we say, "the Copperhead is in the HES stock price"? We couldn't resist that one!

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES) from 2002 to 2022 produced a correlation coefficient of 0.8103589, with an r-squared of 0.6566816, and a p-value less than 0.01. This correlation suggests a strong, positive relationship between the two variables, leaving us to wonder if naming your child Cooper might just be the ultimate stock tip.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the compelling correlation between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock price of Hess Corporation. The plot showcases a distinct pattern, almost like a fingerprint, leaving little doubt about the intriguing connection between the two. It's as if the stock price and name popularity were meant to be together, like peanut butter and jelly, or, dare I say, Cooper and HES.
Our findings raise some tantalizing questions. Does the name "Cooper" carry some mysterious financial aura, akin to a Midas touch, or is this correlation simply a statistical fluke? It's like the old joke: "What do you call a fake noodle? An impasta." Could it be that the Cooper-HES connection is more than just an "impostor" correlation? After all, in finance, nothing happens "Just for 'Coppers.'"
The statistical significance of the correlation prompts us to contemplate the broader implications for naming and financial markets. Could there be a potential "Cooper Effect," where other names wield similar influence on stock performance? It's an avenue of investigation that may lead to uncovering an entire "Alphabet Stock Conspiracy."
These results contribute to a lighthearted yet thought-provoking exploration of the intertwining of nomenclature and financial markets. They underscore the importance of considering unconventional factors in understanding stock price movements and stimulate further research into the whimsical dynamics of the market. In the immortal words of Shakespeare, "What's in a name? That which we call a rose, by any other name would smell as sweet," or in this case, "What's in a stock price? That which we call HES, by any other name would rise as sweetly."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has shed light on the surprisingly robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and the stock price of the Hess Corporation. It seems that, much like a well-oiled machine, the correlation between the two variables is not to be dismissed lightly. As the saying goes, "Where there's a will, there's an oil well – I mean, a way."

Our findings point to the tantalizing possibility of a "Cooper Effect" exerting its influence on stock market behavior, echoing through the halls of finance like a catchy tune that just won't quit. It's almost like the stock market has a case of "Cooper Fever" – the only prescription being more "Cooper" in the shareholdings!

Additionally, the potential implications of our research extend beyond the confines of this investigation. Could other names possess a similar knack for influencing stock performance, giving rise to a whole new era of "Surnames in the Stock Exchange"? Who knows, maybe there's a "Smith Spike" or a "Johnson Jump" waiting to be discovered.

Now, as much as we'd love to continue researching various names and their stock market impact, we're confident that the "Cooper Connection" has received the attention it deserves. It's time to call it a day and leave it to the next generation of researchers to uncover new pun-tential in this field. After all, when it comes to name and stock price correlations, we've certainly "Cooper-ed" all we can out of this topic!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name Cooper on Hess Corporation's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Financial Nomenclature

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name Cooper on Hess Corporation's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Advancement of Nominal Impact Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name Cooper on Hess Corporation's Stock Price with an abstract of In this paper, we delve into the curious connection between the popularity of the first name "Cooper" and its impact on the stock price of the Hess Corporation (HES). We embrace the pun-tential of this study to shed light on the stock market dynamics. Our research team utilized data from the US Social Security Administration and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to analyze the association between the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock performance from 2002 to 2022, quizzically asking whether a name can "drill" its way into stock movements.
Our findings revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.8103589 and a p-value less than 0.01, suggesting a robust and statistically significant relationship between the popularity of the name "Cooper" and Hess Corporation's stock price. This correlation raises the question: could a name truly impact corporate fortunes, or is it merely a "Copper-nickel" coincidence? To add some levity to the discussion, we couldn't resist, because, you know, Hess is in the oil and gas business.
Finally, we tinker with the possibility of a "Cooper Effect" on stock market behavior, pondering whether other names might also have an influence. Our study contributes to the scholarly dialogue on the whimsical interplay between nomenclature and financial markets, providing both amusement and insight to researchers and investors alike. After all, what's a research paper without a few clever twists and a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor?

ChatGPT:

"Cooper name impact on stock price," "Hess Corporation stock performance," "name influence on stock market," "correlation between name popularity and stock price," "Cooper Effect on stock market behavior," "nomenclature and financial markets," "stock market dynamics and names," "relationship between name popularity and corporate fortunes," "whimsical interplay between nomenclature and stock performance," "humor in research paper on stock market."

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Cooper
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Cooper
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Cooper

Hess Corporation's stock price (HES)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Hess Corporation (HES) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: ^{See full details} Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Hess Corporation's stock price (HES)

Correlation r = 0.8103589 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.6566816 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 65.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Hess Corporation's stock price (HES)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Cooper) over the 21 years from 2002 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 8.5E-6.^Show 0.0000084534433667062520000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.81 in 0.00085% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 118,295 random variables^Note You don't actually need 118 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 20 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 20 because we have two variables measured over a period of 21 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.58, 0.92 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Popularity of the first name Cooper (Babies born)	1964	2412	3128	3461	3815	4721	5171	5147	5344	5284	5296	5004	4970	5380	5099	4713	4579	4655	4703	4799	5752
Hess Corporation's stock price (HES) (Stock price)	20.8	18.13	17.75	27.33	42.83	48.85	100.07	53.91	61.84	77.94	58.72	54.13	82.95	73.19	48.4	63.38	47.97	39.29	67.51	53.85	73.9

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,213 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 635,695,369 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1964,2412,3128,3461,3815,4721,5171,5147,5344,5284,5296,5004,4970,5380,5099,4713,4579,4655,4703,4799,5752,])
array_2 = np.array([20.8,18.13,17.75,27.33,42.83,48.85,100.07,53.91,61.84,77.94,58.72,54.13,82.95,73.19,48.4,63.38,47.97,39.29,67.51,53.85,73.9,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Cooper"
array_2_name = "Hess Corporation's stock price (HES)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

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High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
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Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Cooper
Line chart for only Hess Corporation's stock price (HES)
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: The Cooper Connection: Assessing the Impact of the Name Cooper on Hess Corporation's Stock Price

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Correlation ID: 2292 · Black Variable ID: 2706 · Red Variable ID: 1729


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