Spurious correlation #2,065 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies and the second variable is The number of typists in Arizona. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies and the second variable is The number of typists in Arizona. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the expertise in non-binary computer science grew, there was a dramatic shift from typing to coding, leading to a keyboard identity crisis in Arizona. It seems like the real language they needed to master was not just QWERTY, but also HTMLGBLT.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie. Visualize a sunny outdoor university graduation ceremony in Arizona, filled with vibrant colors and diverse characters. Graduates from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds beam with pride as they walk onstage to receive their Bachelor's degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies. In the same scene, a bustling downtown Phoenix office comes to life, depicting a group of typists diligently typing up important documents for various organizations and businesses across the state. The image captures the energy and enthusiasm of the graduating students, as well as the industriousness of the office workers, creating a colorful and dynamic snapshot of life in Arizona. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and The number of typists in Arizona. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Concept art An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie Glitch art An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie a Polaroid photo
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and The number of typists in Arizona together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Arizona, a university graduation ceremony takes place outdoors. A diverse group of students, representing various ethnic and cultural backgrounds, proudly walk across the stage to receive their Bachelor's degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies. In the same scene, a bustling office in downtown Phoenix shows a group of typists working diligently, typing up important documents for various organizations and businesses across the state.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie ] and depicting this scene: In Arizona, a university graduation ceremony takes place outdoors. A diverse group of students, representing various ethnic and cultural backgrounds, proudly walk across the stage to receive their Bachelor's degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies. In the same scene, a bustling office in downtown Phoenix shows a group of typists working diligently, typing up important documents for various organizations and businesses across the state. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie. Visualize a sunny outdoor university graduation ceremony in Arizona, filled with vibrant colors and diverse characters. Graduates from various ethnic and cultural backgrounds beam with pride as they walk onstage to receive their Bachelor's degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies. In the same scene, a bustling downtown Phoenix office comes to life, depicting a group of typists diligently typing up important documents for various organizations and businesses across the state. The image captures the energy and enthusiasm of the graduating students, as well as the industriousness of the office workers, creating a colorful and dynamic snapshot of life in Arizona.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies caused The number of typists in Arizona to decrease. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Regional Employment Opportunities

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and The number of typists in Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in the state of Arizona. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team embarked on a quest to unravel this unexpected connection. Like a well-timed pun at a formal gathering, the correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 and p < 0.01 for the years 2012 to 2021 suggested a robust relationship between the variables.

Our findings leave no room for doubt as we unravel the mysterious interplay between the seemingly disparate domains of academia and office support. The analysis revealed that as the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies increased, so did the employment of typists in Arizona. It seems that the keystrokes behind cultural competency and gender studies are accompanied by an increase in administrative support. It's as if the keyboards are typing their own dad jokes about the unconventional pair!

In conclusion, this research sheds light on an unexpected connection between educational pursuits and occupational demand, challenging conventional wisdom. This newfound association highlights the dynamic interdependence among diverse fields of study and their impact on the labor market. It seems that in the grand symphony of academia and employment, the typing fingers dance to the beat of unexpected melodies.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The pursuit of higher education is often seen as the gateway to career opportunities and professional growth. However, the connection between the field of study and subsequent employment pathways is not always straightforward. In this paper, we explore the rather unexpected relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies, and the employment of typists in the state of Arizona. This unlikely pairing has left many scratching their heads, much like a dad pondering the punchline of an especially cryptic dad joke.
The state of Arizona provides an intriguing backdrop for this investigation, as its diverse economic landscape and educational institutions offer a fertile ground for studying such intriguing correlations. Much like a well-crafted pun, this unexpected association between Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and typist employment in Arizona has the potential to surprise, amuse, and provoke contemplation all at once.
As we delve further into this interplay of academic pursuits and office support, we must approach the data with the same level of scrutiny as when dissecting a witticism to unravel its layers of meaning. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis that opens new avenues for understanding the complex dynamics of educational choices and their repercussions on the labor market. It's no laughing matter, except when it comes to the occasional dad joke, of course.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Previous research into the relationship between educational attainment and labor market outcomes has primarily focused on more traditional fields of study. Smith (2015) and Doe (2018) examined the impact of STEM degrees on technical employment, while Jones (2020) explored the correlation between business degrees and managerial positions. These studies established a solid foundation for understanding the connection between academic pursuits and occupational trajectories, much like a sturdy set of alphabet blocks in a child's playroom.

In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum about the association between Bachelor's degrees in social sciences and humanities and employment in administrative support roles. This study marks an early attempt to uncover the unconventional links between seemingly divergent areas of study and their impact on the labor market. It's as if the academic and professional realms are engaged in their own playful game of "musical chairs," shifting roles and responsibilities in unexpected ways.

Moving beyond the academic literature, several non-fiction books provide insights relevant to the topic at hand. "The Cultural Politics of Duke Ellington" and "Gender, Ethnicity, and Political Agency" offer nuanced perspectives on the intersections of cultural and gender studies, mirroring the dynamics at play in the labor market. "Ethnic and Area Studies in a Transnational World" delves into the complexities of ethnic and area studies, shedding light on their potential implications for diverse occupational pathways. Now, a dad joke about a book would be a bit more novel, don't you think?

On a more lighthearted note, fiction literature also presents intriguing parallels. "The Typist" and "Keyboard Symphony" may not be directly related to academic pursuits, but their titles whimsically evoke the essence of typist employment in the backdrop of unique cultural and gender studies. It's almost as if the characters in these fictional narratives are secretly crafting tales of typewriters and textbook tomfoolery, all while pursuing their academic endeavors.

Furthermore, a selection of cartoons and children's shows that the researcher watched in their youth also plays a role in shaping the understanding of the relationship between academic studies and typist employment. Shows such as "Magic School Bus" and "Dora the Explorer" may not be directly related to the specific fields under investigation, but they instill a sense of adventure and discovery that resonates with the exploration of unexpected correlations. It's as if these childhood favorites are whispering coded messages about the playful interplay between education and occupational pathways.

In summary, the literature review encompasses a diverse array of sources, from academic studies to non-fiction books to fiction literature and childhood media, all contributing to a multifaceted understanding of the relationship between Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and the employment of typists in Arizona. It seems that the academic and professional worlds are engaged in a carefully choreographed dance, where unexpected partners cut a rug to the beat of their own unconventional tunes.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and The number of typists in Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in the state of Arizona. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team embarked on a quest to unravel this unexpected connection. Like a well-timed pun at a formal gathering, the correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 and p < 0.01 for the years 2012 to 2021 suggested a robust relationship between the variables.

Our findings leave no room for doubt as we unravel the mysterious interplay between the seemingly disparate domains of academia and office support. The analysis revealed that as the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies increased, so did the employment of typists in Arizona. It seems that the keystrokes behind cultural competency and gender studies are accompanied by an increase in administrative support. It's as if the keyboards are typing their own dad jokes about the unconventional pair!

In conclusion, this research sheds light on an unexpected connection between educational pursuits and occupational demand, challenging conventional wisdom. This newfound association highlights the dynamic interdependence among diverse fields of study and their impact on the labor market. It seems that in the grand symphony of academia and employment, the typing fingers dance to the beat of unexpected melodies.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Previous research into the relationship between educational attainment and labor market outcomes has primarily focused on more traditional fields of study. Smith (2015) and Doe (2018) examined the impact of STEM degrees on technical employment, while Jones (2020) explored the correlation between business degrees and managerial positions. These studies established a solid foundation for understanding the connection between academic pursuits and occupational trajectories, much like a sturdy set of alphabet blocks in a child's playroom.
In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum about the association between Bachelor's degrees in social sciences and humanities and employment in administrative support roles. This study marks an early attempt to uncover the unconventional links between seemingly divergent areas of study and their impact on the labor market. It's as if the academic and professional realms are engaged in their own playful game of "musical chairs," shifting roles and responsibilities in unexpected ways.
Moving beyond the academic literature, several non-fiction books provide insights relevant to the topic at hand. "The Cultural Politics of Duke Ellington" and "Gender, Ethnicity, and Political Agency" offer nuanced perspectives on the intersections of cultural and gender studies, mirroring the dynamics at play in the labor market. "Ethnic and Area Studies in a Transnational World" delves into the complexities of ethnic and area studies, shedding light on their potential implications for diverse occupational pathways. Now, a dad joke about a book would be a bit more novel, don't you think?
On a more lighthearted note, fiction literature also presents intriguing parallels. "The Typist" and "Keyboard Symphony" may not be directly related to academic pursuits, but their titles whimsically evoke the essence of typist employment in the backdrop of unique cultural and gender studies. It's almost as if the characters in these fictional narratives are secretly crafting tales of typewriters and textbook tomfoolery, all while pursuing their academic endeavors.
Furthermore, a selection of cartoons and children's shows that the researcher watched in their youth also plays a role in shaping the understanding of the relationship between academic studies and typist employment. Shows such as "Magic School Bus" and "Dora the Explorer" may not be directly related to the specific fields under investigation, but they instill a sense of adventure and discovery that resonates with the exploration of unexpected correlations. It's as if these childhood favorites are whispering coded messages about the playful interplay between education and occupational pathways.
In summary, the literature review encompasses a diverse array of sources, from academic studies to non-fiction books to fiction literature and childhood media, all contributing to a multifaceted understanding of the relationship between Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and the employment of typists in Arizona. It seems that the academic and professional worlds are engaged in a carefully choreographed dance, where unexpected partners cut a rug to the beat of their own unconventional tunes.

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis yielded a strong positive relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in Arizona for the years 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 indicated a nearly perfect positive linear relationship, much like the precision of a well-crafted pun.
Further, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9766467 suggested that approximately 97.7% of the variation in typist employment in Arizona can be explained by the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies. This relationship is as clear as a dad joke that elicits both laughter and groans in equal measure.
The p-value of less than 0.01 indicated that the observed correlation is statistically significant, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no relationship between the two variables. This statistical significance is as convincing as a well-timed punchline that leaves no room for doubt.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually presents the robust positive correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area studies and typist employment in Arizona. The data points align themselves as if to form the setup and punchline of an unexpected joke, emphasizing the coherence of this counterintuitive relationship.
In summary, the findings of this investigation reveal a substantial and statistically significant connection between the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and the employment of typists in Arizona. This unexpected revelation underscores the intricate interplay between educational pursuits and occupational demand, akin to the artful delivery of a well-crafted dad joke that catches one off guard.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of this study substantiate and extend prior research, affirming the previously proposed link between Bachelor's degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the number of typists in Arizona. This unexpected correlation echoes the surprise evoked by a dad joke told with impeccable timing.

The robust positive correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 aligns with the earlier studies by Smith (2015) and Doe (2018) that examined traditional fields of study and their impact on employment. This connection, much like a well-timed pun, offers both surprise and satisfaction, with the coefficient of determination (r-squared) further reinforcing the compelling nature of this relationship. It's as if the coefficient of determination is the punchline that ties the entire dad joke together.

The statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 lends irrefutable support to the unconventional relationship between Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and typist employment in Arizona, much like the clarity of a pun that leaves no room for ambiguity. This statistical significance holds the same weight as a dad joke among a group of groaning listeners – it simply cannot be ignored.

The scatterplot visually depicts this unexpected correlation, much like the setup and punchline of a well-crafted joke, solidifying the coherence of the relationship. It's as if the data points themselves have donned the hat of comedians, arranging themselves to present a compelling and unexpected conclusion.

In essence, this research demonstrates that the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area studies has a significant and meaningful association with typist employment in Arizona. This unexpected interconnectedness reflects the surprising twists and turns of a well-constructed dad joke, challenging conventional wisdom and highlighting the dynamic interplay between diverse fields of study and their impact on the labor market.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and The number of typists in Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research paper delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in the state of Arizona. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team embarked on a quest to unravel this unexpected connection. Like a well-timed pun at a formal gathering, the correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 and p < 0.01 for the years 2012 to 2021 suggested a robust relationship between the variables.

Our findings leave no room for doubt as we unravel the mysterious interplay between the seemingly disparate domains of academia and office support. The analysis revealed that as the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies increased, so did the employment of typists in Arizona. It seems that the keystrokes behind cultural competency and gender studies are accompanied by an increase in administrative support. It's as if the keyboards are typing their own dad jokes about the unconventional pair!

In conclusion, this research sheds light on an unexpected connection between educational pursuits and occupational demand, challenging conventional wisdom. This newfound association highlights the dynamic interdependence among diverse fields of study and their impact on the labor market. It seems that in the grand symphony of academia and employment, the typing fingers dance to the beat of unexpected melodies.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The pursuit of higher education is often seen as the gateway to career opportunities and professional growth. However, the connection between the field of study and subsequent employment pathways is not always straightforward. In this paper, we explore the rather unexpected relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies, and the employment of typists in the state of Arizona. This unlikely pairing has left many scratching their heads, much like a dad pondering the punchline of an especially cryptic dad joke.
The state of Arizona provides an intriguing backdrop for this investigation, as its diverse economic landscape and educational institutions offer a fertile ground for studying such intriguing correlations. Much like a well-crafted pun, this unexpected association between Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and typist employment in Arizona has the potential to surprise, amuse, and provoke contemplation all at once.
As we delve further into this interplay of academic pursuits and office support, we must approach the data with the same level of scrutiny as when dissecting a witticism to unravel its layers of meaning. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis that opens new avenues for understanding the complex dynamics of educational choices and their repercussions on the labor market. It's no laughing matter, except when it comes to the occasional dad joke, of course.

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis yielded a strong positive relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in Arizona for the years 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 indicated a nearly perfect positive linear relationship, much like the precision of a well-crafted pun.
Further, the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.9766467 suggested that approximately 97.7% of the variation in typist employment in Arizona can be explained by the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies. This relationship is as clear as a dad joke that elicits both laughter and groans in equal measure.
The p-value of less than 0.01 indicated that the observed correlation is statistically significant, providing strong evidence against the null hypothesis of no relationship between the two variables. This statistical significance is as convincing as a well-timed punchline that leaves no room for doubt.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually presents the robust positive correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area studies and typist employment in Arizona. The data points align themselves as if to form the setup and punchline of an unexpected joke, emphasizing the coherence of this counterintuitive relationship.
In summary, the findings of this investigation reveal a substantial and statistically significant connection between the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies and the employment of typists in Arizona. This unexpected revelation underscores the intricate interplay between educational pursuits and occupational demand, akin to the artful delivery of a well-crafted dad joke that catches one off guard.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In closing, our research has unveiled the surprising link between the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in Arizona. The robust positive correlation we observed is as unexpected as a dad joke from a quantum physicist - simultaneously mind-boggling and oddly fitting.

Our findings suggest that the keyboards are tapping into a whole new world of academic and administrative harmony. It seems that the key to increased typist employment in Arizona lies in the scholarly pursuit of cultural competency and group studies. It's almost as if the typewriters are expressing their appreciation for diverse perspectives through the rhythmic symphony of keystrokes!

As we wrap up this study, it is evident that the unexpected connection between educational pursuits and labor market dynamics is no laughing matter, except when it comes to the occasional dad joke, of course. This newfound association challenges conventional wisdom and highlights the dynamic interdependence across diverse fields of study and their impact on employment opportunities. It's like discovering a hidden punchline in the economic theory - surprising and oddly satisfying.

In light of these findings, further research in this area may seem as unnecessary as reinventing the wheelbarrow. It is as if the data is telling us, "Don't typecast academic pursuits. Embrace the unexpected connections." Therefore, we assert that no more research is needed in this area.

And always remember, when in doubt, just keep typing along!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Regional Employment Opportunities

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Cross-Cultural Competence and Career Development

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona with an abstract of This research paper delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies and the employment of typists in the state of Arizona. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team embarked on a quest to unravel this unexpected connection. Like a well-timed pun at a formal gathering, the correlation coefficient of 0.9882544 and p < 0.01 for the years 2012 to 2021 suggested a robust relationship between the variables.
Our findings leave no room for doubt as we unravel the mysterious interplay between the seemingly disparate domains of academia and office support. The analysis revealed that as the number of Bachelor's degrees in Area studies increased, so did the employment of typists in Arizona. It seems that the keystrokes behind cultural competency and gender studies are accompanied by an increase in administrative support. It's as if the keyboards are typing their own dad jokes about the unconventional pair!
In conclusion, this research sheds light on an unexpected connection between educational pursuits and occupational demand, challenging conventional wisdom. This newfound association highlights the dynamic interdependence among diverse fields of study and their impact on the labor market. It seems that in the grand symphony of academia and employment, the typing fingers dance to the beat of unexpected melodies.

ChatGPT:

bachelor's degrees, area studies, typist employment, Arizona, correlation coefficient, National Center for Education Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, academic disciplines, occupational demand, labor market intersection

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies
Detailed data title: Bachelor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, in field of study: Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies

The number of typists in Arizona
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of word processors and typists in Arizona
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of typists in Arizona

Correlation r = 0.9882544 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9766467 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 97.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of typists in Arizona) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies) over the 10 years from 2012 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 8.2E-8.^Show 0.0000000821006130300209800000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.99 in 8.2E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 12,180,177 random variables^Note You don't actually need 12 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.95, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies (Degrees awarded)	9228	8850	8275	7783	7840	7720	7717	7733	7771	7374
The number of typists in Arizona (Laborers)	770	700	520	370	320	290	280	280	310	220

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,213 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 635,695,369 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. ^Note Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([9228,8850,8275,7783,7840,7720,7717,7733,7771,7374,])
array_2 = np.array([770,700,520,370,320,290,280,280,310,220,])
array_1_name = "Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies"
array_2_name = "The number of typists in Arizona"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Bachelor's degrees awarded in gender studies
Line chart for only The number of typists in Arizona
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: A Major Connection: The Link Between Bachelor's Degrees in Area Studies and Typist Employment in Arizona

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Correlation ID: 2065 · Black Variable ID: 1266 · Red Variable ID: 5016


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