Spurious correlation #2,063 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in Colorado and the second variable is Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is UFO sightings in Colorado and the second variable is Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. The chart goes from 1980 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

The extraterrestrial tourists were drawn to Colorado's green energy initiatives, leading to a spike in UFO-related technology charging stations. This in turn created a higher demand for electricity, prompting the Dominican Republic to ramp up their fossil fuel production to meet the unexpected intergalactic power needs. It's a close encounter of the absurd kind!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image of a magazine cover capturing the scene of a mysterious UFO hovering above a captivating Colorado landscape. The UFO emits radiant lights, casting an otherworldly glow on the surroundings as astonished people point and gaze in wonder. Simultaneously, in the background, depict the Dominican Republic with cars and factories emitting thick plumes of smoke, symbolizing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels in the area. Capture the stark contrast between the unknown and the environmental impact of human activity in these two distinct locations. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Art nouveau Glitch art Oragami A TIME magazine cover image A Discovery magazine cover image
ChatGPT: A Discovery magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a Colorado sky, a mysterious UFO hovers above a landscape, shining bright lights as people below point and stare in amazement. Meanwhile, in the Dominican Republic, cars and factories emit large plumes of smoke, contributing to the heavy use of fossil fuels in the area.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A Discovery magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a Colorado sky, a mysterious UFO hovers above a landscape, shining bright lights as people below point and stare in amazement. Meanwhile, in the Dominican Republic, cars and factories emit large plumes of smoke, contributing to the heavy use of fossil fuels in the area. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image of a magazine cover capturing the scene of a mysterious UFO hovering above a captivating Colorado landscape. The UFO emits radiant lights, casting an otherworldly glow on the surroundings as astonished people point and gaze in wonder. Simultaneously, in the background, depict the Dominican Republic with cars and factories emitting thick plumes of smoke, symbolizing the heavy reliance on fossil fuels in the area. Capture the stark contrast between the unknown and the environmental impact of human activity in these two distinct locations.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in UFO sightings in Colorado caused Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic to increase. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

The Journal of Unexplained Phenomena and Historical Anomalies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has long perplexed researchers in the fields of ufology and energy economics. In this study, we employ data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration to explore this enigmatic association. Our findings reveal a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021. While the existence of a causal relationship between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains elusive, our results point to an intriguing connection that warrants further investigation. Perhaps extraterrestrial visitors have a penchant for observing geological transformations fueled by human energy consumption, or maybe there is a more down-to-earth explanation lurking beneath the surface. This study paves the way for more lighthearted exploration of unconventional linkages in the realms of both astrophysics and resource management, shedding light on the often overlooked interplay between the whimsical and the worldly.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The quest for understanding the mysteries of the universe has led researchers down countless rabbit holes, but few are as whimsically peculiar as the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. It is a journey that takes us from the extraterrestrial to the terrestrial, and perhaps, back again. Curiosity, statistical analysis, and a dash of humor drive our investigation as we delve into this unlikely correlation that has confounded scholars and raised eyebrows in both the scientific and public spheres.
Throughout the annals of time, humanity has gazed at the stars with wonder and fascination, pondering the possibilities of life beyond our humble cosmic abode. Meanwhile, here on Earth, the consumption of fossil fuels has powered our civilization's progress, shaping landscapes and economies, and leaving behind a trail of exhaust and intrigue. The convergence of these seemingly disparate realms forms the backdrop of our study, as we seek to unravel the enigmatic dance between unidentified flying objects and the combustion of ancient hydrocarbons.
In the hallowed halls of academia, researchers often tread the well-worn paths of conventional wisdom, embracing the familiar and the predictable. However, it is in the uncharted territories, where the unusual and the unexpected intersect, that profound discoveries await. Our journey begins here, as we embark on a quest to illuminate the intersection of the otherworldly and the everyday – a fusion of the bizarre and the banal that challenges preconceived notions and reinvigorates the spirit of inquiry.
With a glint of skepticism and a measure of wonder, we venture forth armed with data and statistical tools, aiming to shed light on this quirky correlation that defies conventional explanation. As we unravel the threads of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, we invite the reader to join us on a scientific odyssey that is as much a celebration of curiosity as it is an exploration of empirical evidence. Let us traverse this unconventional terrain with rigor and levity, seeking to reconcile the cosmic and the carbonaceous, and perhaps stumbling upon a cosmic joke or two along the way.
Through the prism of statistical analysis, we endeavor to discern patterns in the seemingly unrelated realms of ufology and energy economics, lest we dismiss serendipitous synchronicities as mere statistical noise. Our pursuit is not merely an academic exercise but a celebration of the delightful absurdity that permeates the fabric of our universe, beckoning us to peek behind the cosmic curtain and revel in the unexpected associations that defy the constraints of our conventional understanding.
In the pages that follow, we present our findings, inviting the reader to partake in this whimsical voyage of discovery. May the evidence and the humor intertwine, fostering a spirit of inquiry that invites both awe and amusement in equal measure. And who knows, in our quest to unravel the eccentric correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, we may just stumble upon a cosmic punchline that leaves us all grinning from ear to astral ear.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The enigmatic correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has tantalized researchers across disciplines. Mining the depths of literature, we aim to uncover the threads that weave together these seemingly unrelated phenomena, blending levity and empirical evidence in our quest for understanding.

In "Extraterrestrial Encounters: A Comprehensive Study," Smith and Doe survey the landscape of UFO sightings, delving into the nuances of reported encounters with celestial visitors. Their thorough examination lays the groundwork for our own investigation, beckoning us to peer into the cosmic unknown with a blend of skepticism and wonder.

Turning to the domain of energy economics, Jones et al.'s "Fossil Fuels and the Global Economy" offers insights into the intricate dance between human energy consumption and economic development. Their findings provide a fertile backdrop for our exploration of the terrestrial forces that may interplay with interstellar phenomena.

Venturing further into the eclectic realm of literature, "The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry" by Hynek presents a compendium of historical and contemporary accounts of UFO sightings, sprinkled with anecdotes that toe the line between the eerie and the amusing. Meanwhile, "Energy and the Extraterrestrial: A Cosmic Confluence" by Carl Sagan offers a philosophical rumination on the cosmic implications of energy utilization, inviting readers to ponder the interstellar consequences of earthly resource management.

As we journey into more imaginative realms, works of speculative fiction such as "The Martian Chronicles" by Ray Bradbury and "Solaris" by Stanislaw Lem beckon us to contemplate the intersection of extraterrestrial encounters and human endeavors, blurring the boundaries between the plausible and the fantastical. The cryptic allure of these narratives reminds us that our quest for understanding spans both the empirical and the speculative, intertwining the whimsical and the worldly in a delightful tapestry of inquiry.

In a less conventional turn, we are compelled to acknowledge the unexpected sources that have contributed to our investigational toolkit. Notably, the subtle wisdom embedded in the backs of shampoo bottles – often perused during moments of scholarly contemplation – has provided a reservoir of thought-provoking musings and curious anecdotes. While not a traditional source of scientific inquiry, these whimsical diversions offer a lighthearted counterbalance to the weighty tomes that populate our research landscape, reminding us that even the most peculiar of correlations may unveil themselves in the unlikeliest of places.

With a wink and a nod to the unorthodox and the orthodox, we navigate the labyrinthine corridors of literature, guided by both empirical rigor and a healthy dose of whimsy. Our search for unexpected connections takes us far and wide, lending an air of vibrant curiosity to our scholarly pursuits. As we unravel the tangles that bind UFO sightings in Colorado to fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, we are reminded that the pursuit of knowledge can be as peculiar as the mysteries we seek to unravel.

In the spirit of unearthing unconventional linkages, our literature review sets the stage for our statistical exploration, inviting the reader to join us in this cosmic odyssey that blurs the boundaries between the amusing and the analytical.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1980 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has long perplexed researchers in the fields of ufology and energy economics. In this study, we employ data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration to explore this enigmatic association. Our findings reveal a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021. While the existence of a causal relationship between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains elusive, our results point to an intriguing connection that warrants further investigation. Perhaps extraterrestrial visitors have a penchant for observing geological transformations fueled by human energy consumption, or maybe there is a more down-to-earth explanation lurking beneath the surface. This study paves the way for more lighthearted exploration of unconventional linkages in the realms of both astrophysics and resource management, shedding light on the often overlooked interplay between the whimsical and the worldly.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The quest for understanding the mysteries of the universe has led researchers down countless rabbit holes, but few are as whimsically peculiar as the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. It is a journey that takes us from the extraterrestrial to the terrestrial, and perhaps, back again. Curiosity, statistical analysis, and a dash of humor drive our investigation as we delve into this unlikely correlation that has confounded scholars and raised eyebrows in both the scientific and public spheres.
Throughout the annals of time, humanity has gazed at the stars with wonder and fascination, pondering the possibilities of life beyond our humble cosmic abode. Meanwhile, here on Earth, the consumption of fossil fuels has powered our civilization's progress, shaping landscapes and economies, and leaving behind a trail of exhaust and intrigue. The convergence of these seemingly disparate realms forms the backdrop of our study, as we seek to unravel the enigmatic dance between unidentified flying objects and the combustion of ancient hydrocarbons.
In the hallowed halls of academia, researchers often tread the well-worn paths of conventional wisdom, embracing the familiar and the predictable. However, it is in the uncharted territories, where the unusual and the unexpected intersect, that profound discoveries await. Our journey begins here, as we embark on a quest to illuminate the intersection of the otherworldly and the everyday – a fusion of the bizarre and the banal that challenges preconceived notions and reinvigorates the spirit of inquiry.
With a glint of skepticism and a measure of wonder, we venture forth armed with data and statistical tools, aiming to shed light on this quirky correlation that defies conventional explanation. As we unravel the threads of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, we invite the reader to join us on a scientific odyssey that is as much a celebration of curiosity as it is an exploration of empirical evidence. Let us traverse this unconventional terrain with rigor and levity, seeking to reconcile the cosmic and the carbonaceous, and perhaps stumbling upon a cosmic joke or two along the way.
Through the prism of statistical analysis, we endeavor to discern patterns in the seemingly unrelated realms of ufology and energy economics, lest we dismiss serendipitous synchronicities as mere statistical noise. Our pursuit is not merely an academic exercise but a celebration of the delightful absurdity that permeates the fabric of our universe, beckoning us to peek behind the cosmic curtain and revel in the unexpected associations that defy the constraints of our conventional understanding.
In the pages that follow, we present our findings, inviting the reader to partake in this whimsical voyage of discovery. May the evidence and the humor intertwine, fostering a spirit of inquiry that invites both awe and amusement in equal measure. And who knows, in our quest to unravel the eccentric correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, we may just stumble upon a cosmic punchline that leaves us all grinning from ear to astral ear.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In pursuit of unraveling the curious correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, our research team embarked on a methodological journey filled with statistical acrobatics and a healthy dose of scientific whimsy. Our data collection spanned the years from 1980 to 2021, a timeframe that encapsulates an era of both galactic intrigue and terrestrial transformations.

Data Sources:
The National UFO Reporting Center served as our celestial data beacon, providing a repository of reported UFO sightings that illuminated the night skies over Colorado. Meanwhile, the Energy Information Administration emerged as our earthly guide, offering insights into the consumption of fossil fuels in the captivating landscapes of the Dominican Republic. Combining these disparate sources, we sought to draw a line of connection between the extraterrestrial and the energy-intensive.

Quantitative Analysis:
As we delved into the realms of ufology and energy economics, our quantitative analysis danced on the edge of statistical orthodoxy, teasing out correlations that sparkled with both empirical significance and scholarly skepticism. We employed a sophisticated array of statistical techniques, including Pearson's correlation coefficient, to unlock the mystery that lay hidden within the labyrinth of data. With precision and pizzazz, we navigated the numerical landscape, determined to uncover elusive patterns that transcend the boundaries of conventional reasoning.

Control Variables:
Amidst the tangle of UFO sightings and fossil fuel consumption, we vigilantly held the reins of scientific control, accounting for potential confounding factors that could warp our cosmic findings. Variables such as population density, economic indicators, and solar activity were corralled and tamed, ensuring that our quest for correlation remained untainted by lurking statistical impostors.

Unconventional Data Interpretation:
In a departure from the staid conventions of empirical research, we embraced a lighthearted approach to data interpretation, infusing our analysis with a dash of humor and speculative wonder. While adhering to the rigors of statistical inference, we allowed our imaginations to flutter into the cosmic unknown, entertaining whimsical hypotheses that beckoned from the furthest reaches of empirical possibility.

Overall, our methodology strove to marry scientific rigor with imaginative flair, encapsulating the spirit of inquiry and mirth that defines the pursuit of unorthodox correlations. As we present our findings, we invite the reader to don their statistical spectacles and embark on this offbeat scientific odyssey with us, where the fantastical and the factual converge in a playful dance of intellectual exploration.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National UFO Reporting Center and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1980 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9160075, r-squared of 0.8390697, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has long perplexed researchers in the fields of ufology and energy economics. In this study, we employ data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration to explore this enigmatic association. Our findings reveal a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021. While the existence of a causal relationship between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains elusive, our results point to an intriguing connection that warrants further investigation. Perhaps extraterrestrial visitors have a penchant for observing geological transformations fueled by human energy consumption, or maybe there is a more down-to-earth explanation lurking beneath the surface. This study paves the way for more lighthearted exploration of unconventional linkages in the realms of both astrophysics and resource management, shedding light on the often overlooked interplay between the whimsical and the worldly.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The quest for understanding the mysteries of the universe has led researchers down countless rabbit holes, but few are as whimsically peculiar as the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. It is a journey that takes us from the extraterrestrial to the terrestrial, and perhaps, back again. Curiosity, statistical analysis, and a dash of humor drive our investigation as we delve into this unlikely correlation that has confounded scholars and raised eyebrows in both the scientific and public spheres.
Throughout the annals of time, humanity has gazed at the stars with wonder and fascination, pondering the possibilities of life beyond our humble cosmic abode. Meanwhile, here on Earth, the consumption of fossil fuels has powered our civilization's progress, shaping landscapes and economies, and leaving behind a trail of exhaust and intrigue. The convergence of these seemingly disparate realms forms the backdrop of our study, as we seek to unravel the enigmatic dance between unidentified flying objects and the combustion of ancient hydrocarbons.
In the hallowed halls of academia, researchers often tread the well-worn paths of conventional wisdom, embracing the familiar and the predictable. However, it is in the uncharted territories, where the unusual and the unexpected intersect, that profound discoveries await. Our journey begins here, as we embark on a quest to illuminate the intersection of the otherworldly and the everyday – a fusion of the bizarre and the banal that challenges preconceived notions and reinvigorates the spirit of inquiry.
With a glint of skepticism and a measure of wonder, we venture forth armed with data and statistical tools, aiming to shed light on this quirky correlation that defies conventional explanation. As we unravel the threads of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, we invite the reader to join us on a scientific odyssey that is as much a celebration of curiosity as it is an exploration of empirical evidence. Let us traverse this unconventional terrain with rigor and levity, seeking to reconcile the cosmic and the carbonaceous, and perhaps stumbling upon a cosmic joke or two along the way.
Through the prism of statistical analysis, we endeavor to discern patterns in the seemingly unrelated realms of ufology and energy economics, lest we dismiss serendipitous synchronicities as mere statistical noise. Our pursuit is not merely an academic exercise but a celebration of the delightful absurdity that permeates the fabric of our universe, beckoning us to peek behind the cosmic curtain and revel in the unexpected associations that defy the constraints of our conventional understanding.
In the pages that follow, we present our findings, inviting the reader to partake in this whimsical voyage of discovery. May the evidence and the humor intertwine, fostering a spirit of inquiry that invites both awe and amusement in equal measure. And who knows, in our quest to unravel the eccentric correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, we may just stumble upon a cosmic punchline that leaves us all grinning from ear to astral ear.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Upon analyzing the data spanning from 1980 to 2021, a robust correlation of 0.9160075 was discerned between the frequency of UFO sightings in Colorado and the volume of fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. This correlation exhibited strong predictive power, as indicated by an r-squared value of 0.8390697, and it achieved statistical significance with a p-value of less than 0.01. These results suggest a compelling relationship between these seemingly disparate phenomena.

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the striking correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. The tightly clustered data points illustrate the close association between these variables, offering a graphical depiction of the unexpected connection that has piqued the collective curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike.

The magnitude of the correlation observed in this study is noteworthy, underscoring the need for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms driving this intriguing phenomenon. While the precise causal link between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains shrouded in mystery, the strength of the association prompts contemplation of potential underlying dynamics. Could it be that extraterrestrial observers are drawn to regions where human energy consumption leaves an indelible mark on the environment? Or might there be alternative explanations lurking beneath the surface, waiting to be unearthed by inquisitive minds and rigorous inquiry?

This study uncovers a thought-provoking correlation that transcends traditional boundaries of scientific inquiry, inviting contemplation of the whimsical and the worldly in equal measure. As researchers continue to unravel the enigmatic tapestry of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, the findings presented here serve as a springboard for further investigation and speculative musings on the interplay between the cosmic and the carbonaceous. Whether the ultimate explanation borders on the extraterrestrial or the mundane, the journey of discovery promises to be as engaging as it is enlightening, replete with whimsy and wonder that elevate the spirit of exploration to celestial heights.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has long perplexed researchers in the fields of ufology and energy economics. In this study, we employ data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration to explore this enigmatic association. Our findings reveal a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021. While the existence of a causal relationship between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains elusive, our results point to an intriguing connection that warrants further investigation. Perhaps extraterrestrial visitors have a penchant for observing geological transformations fueled by human energy consumption, or maybe there is a more down-to-earth explanation lurking beneath the surface. This study paves the way for more lighthearted exploration of unconventional linkages in the realms of both astrophysics and resource management, shedding light on the often overlooked interplay between the whimsical and the worldly.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The enigmatic correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has tantalized researchers across disciplines. Mining the depths of literature, we aim to uncover the threads that weave together these seemingly unrelated phenomena, blending levity and empirical evidence in our quest for understanding.
In "Extraterrestrial Encounters: A Comprehensive Study," Smith and Doe survey the landscape of UFO sightings, delving into the nuances of reported encounters with celestial visitors. Their thorough examination lays the groundwork for our own investigation, beckoning us to peer into the cosmic unknown with a blend of skepticism and wonder.
Turning to the domain of energy economics, Jones et al.'s "Fossil Fuels and the Global Economy" offers insights into the intricate dance between human energy consumption and economic development. Their findings provide a fertile backdrop for our exploration of the terrestrial forces that may interplay with interstellar phenomena.
Venturing further into the eclectic realm of literature, "The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry" by Hynek presents a compendium of historical and contemporary accounts of UFO sightings, sprinkled with anecdotes that toe the line between the eerie and the amusing. Meanwhile, "Energy and the Extraterrestrial: A Cosmic Confluence" by Carl Sagan offers a philosophical rumination on the cosmic implications of energy utilization, inviting readers to ponder the interstellar consequences of earthly resource management.
As we journey into more imaginative realms, works of speculative fiction such as "The Martian Chronicles" by Ray Bradbury and "Solaris" by Stanislaw Lem beckon us to contemplate the intersection of extraterrestrial encounters and human endeavors, blurring the boundaries between the plausible and the fantastical. The cryptic allure of these narratives reminds us that our quest for understanding spans both the empirical and the speculative, intertwining the whimsical and the worldly in a delightful tapestry of inquiry.
In a less conventional turn, we are compelled to acknowledge the unexpected sources that have contributed to our investigational toolkit. Notably, the subtle wisdom embedded in the backs of shampoo bottles – often perused during moments of scholarly contemplation – has provided a reservoir of thought-provoking musings and curious anecdotes. While not a traditional source of scientific inquiry, these whimsical diversions offer a lighthearted counterbalance to the weighty tomes that populate our research landscape, reminding us that even the most peculiar of correlations may unveil themselves in the unlikeliest of places.
With a wink and a nod to the unorthodox and the orthodox, we navigate the labyrinthine corridors of literature, guided by both empirical rigor and a healthy dose of whimsy. Our search for unexpected connections takes us far and wide, lending an air of vibrant curiosity to our scholarly pursuits. As we unravel the tangles that bind UFO sightings in Colorado to fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, we are reminded that the pursuit of knowledge can be as peculiar as the mysteries we seek to unravel.
In the spirit of unearthing unconventional linkages, our literature review sets the stage for our statistical exploration, inviting the reader to join us in this cosmic odyssey that blurs the boundaries between the amusing and the analytical.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon analyzing the data spanning from 1980 to 2021, a robust correlation of 0.9160075 was discerned between the frequency of UFO sightings in Colorado and the volume of fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. This correlation exhibited strong predictive power, as indicated by an r-squared value of 0.8390697, and it achieved statistical significance with a p-value of less than 0.01. These results suggest a compelling relationship between these seemingly disparate phenomena.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the striking correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. The tightly clustered data points illustrate the close association between these variables, offering a graphical depiction of the unexpected connection that has piqued the collective curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike.
The magnitude of the correlation observed in this study is noteworthy, underscoring the need for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms driving this intriguing phenomenon. While the precise causal link between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains shrouded in mystery, the strength of the association prompts contemplation of potential underlying dynamics. Could it be that extraterrestrial observers are drawn to regions where human energy consumption leaves an indelible mark on the environment? Or might there be alternative explanations lurking beneath the surface, waiting to be unearthed by inquisitive minds and rigorous inquiry?
This study uncovers a thought-provoking correlation that transcends traditional boundaries of scientific inquiry, inviting contemplation of the whimsical and the worldly in equal measure. As researchers continue to unravel the enigmatic tapestry of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, the findings presented here serve as a springboard for further investigation and speculative musings on the interplay between the cosmic and the carbonaceous. Whether the ultimate explanation borders on the extraterrestrial or the mundane, the journey of discovery promises to be as engaging as it is enlightening, replete with whimsy and wonder that elevate the spirit of exploration to celestial heights.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study illuminate a surprising and robust correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and the utilization of fossil fuels in the Dominican Republic. The statistical analysis vividly demonstrates the unexpected synchronicity between these disparate phenomena, giving rise to speculation that defies the confines of traditional scientific inquiry. While the causative link between extraterrestrial visitations and human energy consumption remains an enigma, the strength of the association beckons us to wade into the whimsical waters of cosmic contemplation.

Building upon the quirky foundations laid by our literature review, which deftly integrated the conventional with the unconventional – even drawing inspiration from the profound musings found on shampoo bottles – our findings breathe empirical life into the tantalizing hints scattered throughout the annals of academic discourse. The statistical portrait painted by the correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and the r-squared value of 0.8390697 echoes the peculiar cadence of our exploratory journey, igniting both scholarly intrigue and a sprinkle of mirth.

In a nod to the unorthodox insights gleaned from the literature, it is worth returning to the compelling narrative conjured by speculative fiction, such as Bradbury's "The Martian Chronicles" and Lem's "Solaris," which stirred our collective imagination and underscored the intriguing interplay between the plausible and the fantastical. These fanciful tales beckon us to embrace the enigmatic flux that unfurls at the nexus of the empirical and the illusionary, transcending the boundaries that define traditional inquiry and inviting us to revel in the quirkiness of our scholarly pursuit.

As we traverse the uncharted landscape of our results, we cannot help but contemplate the whimsical possibility that extraterrestrial visitors, in their otherworldly wisdom, may have developed an affinity for observing the earthly reverberations of human energy consumption. This curious supposition treads the fine line between the scientific and the speculative, inciting a delightful dance of conjecture that emboldens our collective pursuit of the unusual and the unexpected.

Our foray into the uncharted territory of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use has kindled a spark of curiosity that transcends the limits of the empirical, underscoring the delightful interplay between the analytical and the amusing. From the eccentric vicissitudes of our literature review to the lively reverberations of our results, our scholarly odyssey evokes a sense of wonder that infuses the pursuit of knowledge with a dash of cosmic whimsy. As we pivot toward the unexplored vistas of future inquiry, the engaging alchemy of the analytical and the fanciful promises to enrich the scholarly landscape with a vibrant tapestry of offbeat exploration.

In the immortal words of Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." Our study serves as a testament to the inimitable thrill of venturing beyond the confines of convention, embracing the delightful unpredictability that defines the scholarly pursuit of the unexpected. The whimsical and the worldly converge in our scholarly narrative, painting a vivid portrait of discovery that transcends the boundaries of traditional inquiry, attuning our senses to the quirky rhythm of the cosmic and the carbonaceous.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
The correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has long perplexed researchers in the fields of ufology and energy economics. In this study, we employ data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration to explore this enigmatic association. Our findings reveal a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021. While the existence of a causal relationship between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains elusive, our results point to an intriguing connection that warrants further investigation. Perhaps extraterrestrial visitors have a penchant for observing geological transformations fueled by human energy consumption, or maybe there is a more down-to-earth explanation lurking beneath the surface. This study paves the way for more lighthearted exploration of unconventional linkages in the realms of both astrophysics and resource management, shedding light on the often overlooked interplay between the whimsical and the worldly.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The quest for understanding the mysteries of the universe has led researchers down countless rabbit holes, but few are as whimsically peculiar as the connection between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. It is a journey that takes us from the extraterrestrial to the terrestrial, and perhaps, back again. Curiosity, statistical analysis, and a dash of humor drive our investigation as we delve into this unlikely correlation that has confounded scholars and raised eyebrows in both the scientific and public spheres.
Throughout the annals of time, humanity has gazed at the stars with wonder and fascination, pondering the possibilities of life beyond our humble cosmic abode. Meanwhile, here on Earth, the consumption of fossil fuels has powered our civilization's progress, shaping landscapes and economies, and leaving behind a trail of exhaust and intrigue. The convergence of these seemingly disparate realms forms the backdrop of our study, as we seek to unravel the enigmatic dance between unidentified flying objects and the combustion of ancient hydrocarbons.
In the hallowed halls of academia, researchers often tread the well-worn paths of conventional wisdom, embracing the familiar and the predictable. However, it is in the uncharted territories, where the unusual and the unexpected intersect, that profound discoveries await. Our journey begins here, as we embark on a quest to illuminate the intersection of the otherworldly and the everyday – a fusion of the bizarre and the banal that challenges preconceived notions and reinvigorates the spirit of inquiry.
With a glint of skepticism and a measure of wonder, we venture forth armed with data and statistical tools, aiming to shed light on this quirky correlation that defies conventional explanation. As we unravel the threads of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, we invite the reader to join us on a scientific odyssey that is as much a celebration of curiosity as it is an exploration of empirical evidence. Let us traverse this unconventional terrain with rigor and levity, seeking to reconcile the cosmic and the carbonaceous, and perhaps stumbling upon a cosmic joke or two along the way.
Through the prism of statistical analysis, we endeavor to discern patterns in the seemingly unrelated realms of ufology and energy economics, lest we dismiss serendipitous synchronicities as mere statistical noise. Our pursuit is not merely an academic exercise but a celebration of the delightful absurdity that permeates the fabric of our universe, beckoning us to peek behind the cosmic curtain and revel in the unexpected associations that defy the constraints of our conventional understanding.
In the pages that follow, we present our findings, inviting the reader to partake in this whimsical voyage of discovery. May the evidence and the humor intertwine, fostering a spirit of inquiry that invites both awe and amusement in equal measure. And who knows, in our quest to unravel the eccentric correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic, we may just stumble upon a cosmic punchline that leaves us all grinning from ear to astral ear.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon analyzing the data spanning from 1980 to 2021, a robust correlation of 0.9160075 was discerned between the frequency of UFO sightings in Colorado and the volume of fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. This correlation exhibited strong predictive power, as indicated by an r-squared value of 0.8390697, and it achieved statistical significance with a p-value of less than 0.01. These results suggest a compelling relationship between these seemingly disparate phenomena.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the striking correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. The tightly clustered data points illustrate the close association between these variables, offering a graphical depiction of the unexpected connection that has piqued the collective curiosity of researchers and enthusiasts alike.
The magnitude of the correlation observed in this study is noteworthy, underscoring the need for further exploration of the underlying mechanisms driving this intriguing phenomenon. While the precise causal link between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains shrouded in mystery, the strength of the association prompts contemplation of potential underlying dynamics. Could it be that extraterrestrial observers are drawn to regions where human energy consumption leaves an indelible mark on the environment? Or might there be alternative explanations lurking beneath the surface, waiting to be unearthed by inquisitive minds and rigorous inquiry?
This study uncovers a thought-provoking correlation that transcends traditional boundaries of scientific inquiry, inviting contemplation of the whimsical and the worldly in equal measure. As researchers continue to unravel the enigmatic tapestry of UFO sightings and fossil fuel use, the findings presented here serve as a springboard for further investigation and speculative musings on the interplay between the cosmic and the carbonaceous. Whether the ultimate explanation borders on the extraterrestrial or the mundane, the journey of discovery promises to be as engaging as it is enlightening, replete with whimsy and wonder that elevate the spirit of exploration to celestial heights.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study sheds light on the baffling correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic. The robust correlation coefficient and significant p-value underscore the undeniable link between these seemingly disparate phenomena. It appears that as the dominican fossil fuel use increased, so did the UFO sightings in Colorado, leaving us to ponder if the aliens are truly fascinated by the environmental impact of our earthly activities, or if there's a more down-to-earth explanation lurking about. While the exact causal mechanisms remain nebulous, the strength of this connection leaves us marveling at the quirky interplay between the celestial and the carboniferous.

Our findings open the door to a world of speculative musings and whimsical contemplations, urging the scientific community to embrace the unexpected and the eccentric with the same fervor as the conventional and the mundane. As we stand at the nexus of ufology and energy economics, we recognize the need for further explorations into this captivating correlation. However, it's also important to remember that correlation does not imply causation, and sometimes statistical quirks can lead us down a cosmic rabbit hole of perplexing associations.

In light of our findings, it is clear that no further research is needed in this area. The correlation is so surprising that even the most imaginative science fiction writers might struggle to concoct a tale as quirky as the statistical truth we have uncovered.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Unexplained Phenomena and Historical Anomalies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for the Advancement of Cryptozoological and Extraterrestrial Research (SACETR)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation with an abstract of The correlation between UFO sightings in Colorado and fossil fuel use in the Dominican Republic has long perplexed researchers in the fields of ufology and energy economics. In this study, we employ data from the National UFO Reporting Center and the Energy Information Administration to explore this enigmatic association. Our findings reveal a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.9160075 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01 for the period spanning from 1980 to 2021. While the existence of a causal relationship between UFO sightings and fossil fuel use remains elusive, our results point to an intriguing connection that warrants further investigation. Perhaps extraterrestrial visitors have a penchant for observing geological transformations fueled by human energy consumption, or maybe there is a more down-to-earth explanation lurking beneath the surface. This study paves the way for more lighthearted exploration of unconventional linkages in the realms of both astrophysics and resource management, shedding light on the often overlooked interplay between the whimsical and the worldly.

ChatGPT:

UFO sightings, Colorado, fossil fuel use, Dominican Republic, correlation, National UFO Reporting Center, Energy Information Administration, ufology, energy economics, geological transformations, extraterrestrial visitors, astrophysics, resource management

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

UFO sightings in Colorado
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in Colorado
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in Colorado

Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic
Detailed data title: Total fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic

Correlation r = 0.9160075 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8390697 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 83.9% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., UFO sightings in Colorado) over the 42 years from 1980 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.8E-17.^Show 0.0000000000000000184965585372
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.92 in 1.8E-15% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 54,064,111,331,241,168 random variables^Note You don't actually need 54 quadrillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 41 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 41 because we have two variables measured over a period of 42 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.85, 0.95 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
UFO sightings in Colorado (UFO sightings)	4	6	3	2	0	2	4	5	4	7	4	6	4	8	4	14	14	19	61	64	47	94	68	81	96	76	90	86	95	88	68	114	112	141	194	156	198	157	107	108	173	68
Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic (Billion kWh)	2.565	2.764	2.449	2.62	3.495	3.193	3.714	3.536	3.425	2.663	3.08	3.112	3.403	4.036	4.233	4.542	5.369	6.132	6.512	7.439	7.27466	8.99862	10.9059	11.3054	9.5175	10.0674	11.2809	11.9107	10.263	10.065	12.4776	13.3104	13.8396	14.5174	14.6283	15.5871	16.699	16.1584	16.9345	16.9504	13.7136	14.5913

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,213 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 635,695,369 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([4,6,3,2,0,2,4,5,4,7,4,6,4,8,4,14,14,19,61,64,47,94,68,81,96,76,90,86,95,88,68,114,112,141,194,156,198,157,107,108,173,68,])
array_2 = np.array([2.565,2.764,2.449,2.62,3.495,3.193,3.714,3.536,3.425,2.663,3.08,3.112,3.403,4.036,4.233,4.542,5.369,6.132,6.512,7.439,7.27466,8.99862,10.9059,11.3054,9.5175,10.0674,11.2809,11.9107,10.263,10.065,12.4776,13.3104,13.8396,14.5174,14.6283,15.5871,16.699,16.1584,16.9345,16.9504,13.7136,14.5913,])
array_1_name = "UFO sightings in Colorado"
array_2_name = "Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only UFO sightings in Colorado
Line chart for only Fossil fuel use in Dominican Republic
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Connecting Colorado UFOs and Dominican Republic's Dinosaurs: A Quirky Correlation

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Correlation ID: 2063 · Black Variable ID: 1160 · Red Variable ID: 23635


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