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Spurious correlation #1,936 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and the second variable is The number of professional painters in Minnesota.  The chart goes from 2011 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As more people pursued natural resources and conservation degrees, they became experts at *branching out* and finding new ways to paint a-MAIZE-ing landscapes. Essentially, they were able to *fir* up the imagination of Minnesotans and *oak*ay, that led to a higher demand for professional painters in the state. With their *tree-mendous* knowledge, they knew how to *spruce up* any environment and *leaf* a lasting impression, ultimately *pine*-ing for a more colorful and vibrant Minnesota. In the end, it seems these natural artists simply couldn't *bush* off the opportunity to make the world a *birch* better place with their painting skills!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image showing a spacious classroom with a brutalist design, featuring tall concrete walls and minimalistic features. Inside, students wearing work aprons and painting overalls are receiving their Associate's degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation. The scene should also include professional painters from Minnesota gathered nearby, discussing their latest projects and admiring the freshly painted murals on the walls. The focus should be on the unique atmosphere of the brutalist classroom and the interactions between the students and professional painters. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: inspired by bauhaus Brutalism Steampunk A photo-realistic image Brutalism
ChatGPT: Brutalism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a spacious classroom at a technical college in Minnesota, students in work aprons and painting overalls are receiving their Associate's degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation. Nearby, a group of professional painters from Minnesota are gathered, discussing their latest projects and admiring the freshly painted murals on the walls.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Brutalism ] and depicting this scene: In a spacious classroom at a technical college in Minnesota, students in work aprons and painting overalls are receiving their Associate's degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation. Nearby, a group of professional painters from Minnesota are gathered, discussing their latest projects and admiring the freshly painted murals on the walls. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image showing a spacious classroom with a brutalist design, featuring tall concrete walls and minimalistic features. Inside, students wearing work aprons and painting overalls are receiving their Associate's degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation. The scene should also include professional painters from Minnesota gathered nearby, discussing their latest projects and admiring the freshly painted murals on the walls. The focus should be on the unique atmosphere of the brutalist classroom and the interactions between the students and professional painters.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation caused The number of professional painters in Minnesota to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

The Journal of Ecological Economics and Artistic Endeavors

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for 2011 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Picture this: a world where conservationists pick up paintbrushes, turning landscapes into breathtaking works of art. Now, while that might sound like the plot of a quirky environmentalist rom-com, our study aims to shed light on the unexpected connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated fields coming together for a colorful collaboration.

But before we dive in, here's a dad joke to set the tone: Why did the statistician become a painter? Because they wanted to make a splash in the art world without skewing the data! We promise there are more where that came from.

The aim of our research is to explore the statistical relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota. Like a well-mixed palette, our findings blend together datasets from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to create a vivid picture of this fascinating connection.

Now, let's address the (non)elephant in the room: the idea that conservationists might find themselves unexpectedly drawn to the world of painting. It's a bit like discovering a correlation between the price of cheese and the number of people who wear glasses – surprising, yet undeniably intriguing!

Speaking of correlations, our analysis revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that the brushstrokes of these two seemingly unconnected fields follow a similar rhythm, much like a well-coordinated dance between art and environmental science.

Here's a thought to mull over: are individuals with a passion for Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently taking their love for greenery to the canvas? The evidence points to a compelling connection between the two, suggesting that perhaps these environmentally conscious souls are channeling their love for mother nature into a canvas of forest greens and earthy browns, creating a masterpiece in both art and conservation.

This unexpected correlation raises a brush-stroke of curiosity, prompting us to ponder the depths of this intersection between environmentally-focused education and artistic expression. It brings to mind an old adage in the statistical world: "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does paint a compelling picture!"

So, as we ponder the unexpected crossover between these two fields, we find ourselves asking: are there more shades of green in the job market than we ever realized? Our research aims to explore this question further, shedding light on the surprising ties that bind Natural Resources and Conservation with the vibrant world of professional painting.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Picture this: a world where conservationists pick up paintbrushes, turning landscapes into breathtaking works of art. Now, while that might sound like the plot of a quirky environmentalist rom-com, our study aims to shed light on the unexpected connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated fields coming together for a colorful collaboration.
But before we dive in, here's a dad joke to set the tone: Why did the statistician become a painter? Because they wanted to make a splash in the art world without skewing the data! We promise there are more where that came from.
The aim of our research is to explore the statistical relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota. Like a well-mixed palette, our findings blend together datasets from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to create a vivid picture of this fascinating connection.
Now, let's address the (non)elephant in the room: the idea that conservationists might find themselves unexpectedly drawn to the world of painting. It's a bit like discovering a correlation between the price of cheese and the number of people who wear glasses – surprising, yet undeniably intriguing!
Speaking of correlations, our analysis revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that the brushstrokes of these two seemingly unconnected fields follow a similar rhythm, much like a well-coordinated dance between art and environmental science.
Here's a thought to mull over: are individuals with a passion for Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently taking their love for greenery to the canvas? The evidence points to a compelling connection between the two, suggesting that perhaps these environmentally conscious souls are channeling their love for mother nature into a canvas of forest greens and earthy browns, creating a masterpiece in both art and conservation.
This unexpected correlation raises a brush-stroke of curiosity, prompting us to ponder the depths of this intersection between environmentally-focused education and artistic expression. It brings to mind an old adage in the statistical world: "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does paint a compelling picture!"
So, as we ponder the unexpected crossover between these two fields, we find ourselves asking: are there more shades of green in the job market than we ever realized? Our research aims to explore this question further, shedding light on the surprising ties that bind Natural Resources and Conservation with the vibrant world of professional painting.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Several studies have delved into the intricate connections between educational pursuits and subsequent career paths, shedding light on the compelling relationship between the two. Smith and Doe (2015) examined the trajectories of individuals with degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation, and their findings revealed an unexpected interest in artistic expression among this cohort. Similarly, Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the professional painting landscape in Minnesota, uncovering intriguing patterns in the workforce.

Now, let's venture beyond the confines of academic research and into the realm of literature and entertainment to glean further insights into the intersection of natural resources and artistic endeavors. "The Lorax" by Dr. Seuss offers a whimsical yet thought-provoking exploration of environmental conservation, encouraging readers to consider the impact of their actions on the world around them. In a similar vein, "Last Child in the Woods" by Richard Louv delves into the importance of connecting with nature, perhaps inspiring a newfound appreciation for the vibrant hues of the great outdoors.

On the fiction front, "Where the Crawdads Sing" by Delia Owens transports readers to the marshes of North Carolina, highlighting the beauty and fragility of the natural world. Its lyrical prose and evocative descriptions may very well kindle a desire to capture the essence of nature on canvas, beckoning readers to pick up a brush and paint their own tributes to the environment. Additionally, "The Secret Life of Bees" by Sue Monk Kidd weaves a captivating narrative threaded with themes of nature, resilience, and the transformative power of art, offering a literary landscape rich with inspiration for our study.

In the realm of television, "Planet Earth" provides viewers with stunning visuals of diverse ecosystems and wildlife, fostering an appreciation for the natural world. Meanwhile, "Bob Ross: The Joy of Painting" serves as a timeless example of the profound impact of art on viewers, inspiring countless individuals to embark on their own creative journeys. The soothing cadence of Bob Ross' voice and his unwavering enthusiasm for painting may very well beckon aspiring conservationists to explore their artistic inclinations, blending the worlds of nature and art in unexpected ways.

In the midst of these diverse literary and visual offerings, it becomes increasingly clear that the allure of natural landscapes and environmental advocacy transcends the boundaries of traditional educational and professional paths. In the spirit of our study, it's only fitting to offer a paint-related dad joke: Why did the artist go to school? To get a little more "a-crylic" of course! With a landscape of literature and entertainment at our fingertips, we're poised to uncover the vibrant layers of connection between natural resources education and the artistic tapestry of professional painting in Minnesota.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2011 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Picture this: a world where conservationists pick up paintbrushes, turning landscapes into breathtaking works of art. Now, while that might sound like the plot of a quirky environmentalist rom-com, our study aims to shed light on the unexpected connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated fields coming together for a colorful collaboration.
But before we dive in, here's a dad joke to set the tone: Why did the statistician become a painter? Because they wanted to make a splash in the art world without skewing the data! We promise there are more where that came from.
The aim of our research is to explore the statistical relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota. Like a well-mixed palette, our findings blend together datasets from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to create a vivid picture of this fascinating connection.
Now, let's address the (non)elephant in the room: the idea that conservationists might find themselves unexpectedly drawn to the world of painting. It's a bit like discovering a correlation between the price of cheese and the number of people who wear glasses – surprising, yet undeniably intriguing!
Speaking of correlations, our analysis revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that the brushstrokes of these two seemingly unconnected fields follow a similar rhythm, much like a well-coordinated dance between art and environmental science.
Here's a thought to mull over: are individuals with a passion for Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently taking their love for greenery to the canvas? The evidence points to a compelling connection between the two, suggesting that perhaps these environmentally conscious souls are channeling their love for mother nature into a canvas of forest greens and earthy browns, creating a masterpiece in both art and conservation.
This unexpected correlation raises a brush-stroke of curiosity, prompting us to ponder the depths of this intersection between environmentally-focused education and artistic expression. It brings to mind an old adage in the statistical world: "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does paint a compelling picture!"
So, as we ponder the unexpected crossover between these two fields, we find ourselves asking: are there more shades of green in the job market than we ever realized? Our research aims to explore this question further, shedding light on the surprising ties that bind Natural Resources and Conservation with the vibrant world of professional painting.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To tackle the colorful connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota, our research team embarked on data collection and analysis that could rival the mixing of primary colors. Our primary data sources were the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), where we gleefully combed through the datasets from 2011 to 2021, much like a painter eagerly searching for the perfect shade of green.

First, we delved into the NCES databases to extract the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation for each year. This process was akin to fishing for statistical gold in a sea of educational data, and it allowed us to track the trends and fluctuations of these degrees over the years. As we navigated through the labyrinth of spreadsheets and figures, we couldn't help but feel like intrepid explorers charting the unknown territories of academic achievement.

Once we had amassed a colorful collection of degree data, we turned our attention to the BLS treasure trove, where we unearthed the number of professional painters employed in Minnesota. Like a group of enthusiastic art enthusiasts, we meticulously documented the fluctuations in the painting workforce, marveling at the ebb and flow of employment numbers as if they were strokes on a canvas.

To establish a quantitative relationship between the two variables, we employed a series of statistical analyses that danced around the data points with all the grace of a seasoned ballroom duo. Our main method of analysis was a Pearson correlation coefficient, which allowed us to measure the strength and direction of the linear relationship between the number of Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the population of professional painters in Minnesota. As we crunched the numbers, it felt like we were unraveling the intricate patterns of a Jackson Pollock masterpiece, revealing hidden connections and correlations that sparked our curiosity.

In addition to the correlation analysis, we also applied a series of regression models to further explore the relationship between the variables. This part of the process was akin to creating a complex mosaic, piecing together different elements of the data to construct a comprehensive picture of the association between conservation-focused education and the world of professional painting.

Finally, we employed a time series analysis to observe how the relationship between the variables evolved over the years. This approach allowed us to capture the dynamic nature of the correlation, much like observing the changing hues of a landscape as the seasons shift.

Throughout the entire process, we maintained a lighthearted and curious attitude, treating the exploration of this peculiar connection as a delightful adventure into the world of statistical serendipity. In the spirit of our findings, here's a fitting dad joke: Why did the scientist paint his lab green? He wanted to create a fresh coat of hypothesis! We couldn't resist bringing a touch of humor to the methodological journey.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2011 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9309509, r-squared of 0.8666696, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Picture this: a world where conservationists pick up paintbrushes, turning landscapes into breathtaking works of art. Now, while that might sound like the plot of a quirky environmentalist rom-com, our study aims to shed light on the unexpected connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated fields coming together for a colorful collaboration.
But before we dive in, here's a dad joke to set the tone: Why did the statistician become a painter? Because they wanted to make a splash in the art world without skewing the data! We promise there are more where that came from.
The aim of our research is to explore the statistical relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota. Like a well-mixed palette, our findings blend together datasets from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to create a vivid picture of this fascinating connection.
Now, let's address the (non)elephant in the room: the idea that conservationists might find themselves unexpectedly drawn to the world of painting. It's a bit like discovering a correlation between the price of cheese and the number of people who wear glasses – surprising, yet undeniably intriguing!
Speaking of correlations, our analysis revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that the brushstrokes of these two seemingly unconnected fields follow a similar rhythm, much like a well-coordinated dance between art and environmental science.
Here's a thought to mull over: are individuals with a passion for Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently taking their love for greenery to the canvas? The evidence points to a compelling connection between the two, suggesting that perhaps these environmentally conscious souls are channeling their love for mother nature into a canvas of forest greens and earthy browns, creating a masterpiece in both art and conservation.
This unexpected correlation raises a brush-stroke of curiosity, prompting us to ponder the depths of this intersection between environmentally-focused education and artistic expression. It brings to mind an old adage in the statistical world: "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does paint a compelling picture!"
So, as we ponder the unexpected crossover between these two fields, we find ourselves asking: are there more shades of green in the job market than we ever realized? Our research aims to explore this question further, shedding light on the surprising ties that bind Natural Resources and Conservation with the vibrant world of professional painting.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our investigation into the colorful world of professional painting and its fascinating connection to the field of Natural Resources and Conservation resulted in some intriguing findings. The statistical analysis revealed a dazzling correlation coefficient of 0.9309509, an r-squared value of 0.8666696, and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that these two seemingly unrelated fields are mixing more than just colors, creating an unexpected masterpiece of statistical significance. It's as if the data set itself has been dipped in a variety of pigments, resulting in a vivid representation of this surprising relationship.

In other words, the relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota is stronger than the bond between a brush and a palette. It's a paint-icularly robust connection that begs the question: what is inspiring these conservation enthusiasts to pick up their brushes and create? The answer might be more colorful than we ever imagined.

The figure (Fig. 1) presents a scatterplot that beautifully captures the strong correlation between the two variables. Through this visual representation, we can see the data points coming together like the strokes of a skilled painter, creating a striking picture of the unexpected partnership between education in conservation and the world of professional painting. It's a canvas of statistical significance, and it leaves us pondering the artistry at play in the job market.

Now, for a lighter touch: What did the painter say to the statistician? "Let's make this data as colorful as my masterpiece, but with less variance!" As we navigate the colorful landscape of statistical significance, it's important to remember the light-hearted moments that make our research journey all the more vibrant.

In conclusion, our research has revealed a captivating connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. This unexpected correlation adds a fresh coat of intrigue to the relationship between environmental education and artistic expression, painting a vivid picture of the diverse pathways individuals may pursue. It's a brushstroke of curiosity that encourages us to explore the complexities of these intertwined fields, leaving us to wonder if there are more shades of green in the job market than meets the eye.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Several studies have delved into the intricate connections between educational pursuits and subsequent career paths, shedding light on the compelling relationship between the two. Smith and Doe (2015) examined the trajectories of individuals with degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation, and their findings revealed an unexpected interest in artistic expression among this cohort. Similarly, Jones (2018) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the professional painting landscape in Minnesota, uncovering intriguing patterns in the workforce.
Now, let's venture beyond the confines of academic research and into the realm of literature and entertainment to glean further insights into the intersection of natural resources and artistic endeavors. "The Lorax" by Dr. Seuss offers a whimsical yet thought-provoking exploration of environmental conservation, encouraging readers to consider the impact of their actions on the world around them. In a similar vein, "Last Child in the Woods" by Richard Louv delves into the importance of connecting with nature, perhaps inspiring a newfound appreciation for the vibrant hues of the great outdoors.
On the fiction front, "Where the Crawdads Sing" by Delia Owens transports readers to the marshes of North Carolina, highlighting the beauty and fragility of the natural world. Its lyrical prose and evocative descriptions may very well kindle a desire to capture the essence of nature on canvas, beckoning readers to pick up a brush and paint their own tributes to the environment. Additionally, "The Secret Life of Bees" by Sue Monk Kidd weaves a captivating narrative threaded with themes of nature, resilience, and the transformative power of art, offering a literary landscape rich with inspiration for our study.
In the realm of television, "Planet Earth" provides viewers with stunning visuals of diverse ecosystems and wildlife, fostering an appreciation for the natural world. Meanwhile, "Bob Ross: The Joy of Painting" serves as a timeless example of the profound impact of art on viewers, inspiring countless individuals to embark on their own creative journeys. The soothing cadence of Bob Ross' voice and his unwavering enthusiasm for painting may very well beckon aspiring conservationists to explore their artistic inclinations, blending the worlds of nature and art in unexpected ways.
In the midst of these diverse literary and visual offerings, it becomes increasingly clear that the allure of natural landscapes and environmental advocacy transcends the boundaries of traditional educational and professional paths. In the spirit of our study, it's only fitting to offer a paint-related dad joke: Why did the artist go to school? To get a little more "a-crylic" of course! With a landscape of literature and entertainment at our fingertips, we're poised to uncover the vibrant layers of connection between natural resources education and the artistic tapestry of professional painting in Minnesota.

[[RESULTS]]
Our investigation into the colorful world of professional painting and its fascinating connection to the field of Natural Resources and Conservation resulted in some intriguing findings. The statistical analysis revealed a dazzling correlation coefficient of 0.9309509, an r-squared value of 0.8666696, and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that these two seemingly unrelated fields are mixing more than just colors, creating an unexpected masterpiece of statistical significance. It's as if the data set itself has been dipped in a variety of pigments, resulting in a vivid representation of this surprising relationship.
In other words, the relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota is stronger than the bond between a brush and a palette. It's a paint-icularly robust connection that begs the question: what is inspiring these conservation enthusiasts to pick up their brushes and create? The answer might be more colorful than we ever imagined.
The figure (Fig. 1) presents a scatterplot that beautifully captures the strong correlation between the two variables. Through this visual representation, we can see the data points coming together like the strokes of a skilled painter, creating a striking picture of the unexpected partnership between education in conservation and the world of professional painting. It's a canvas of statistical significance, and it leaves us pondering the artistry at play in the job market.
Now, for a lighter touch: What did the painter say to the statistician? "Let's make this data as colorful as my masterpiece, but with less variance!" As we navigate the colorful landscape of statistical significance, it's important to remember the light-hearted moments that make our research journey all the more vibrant.
In conclusion, our research has revealed a captivating connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. This unexpected correlation adds a fresh coat of intrigue to the relationship between environmental education and artistic expression, painting a vivid picture of the diverse pathways individuals may pursue. It's a brushstroke of curiosity that encourages us to explore the complexities of these intertwined fields, leaving us to wonder if there are more shades of green in the job market than meets the eye.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this study provide a canvas of statistical significance that illuminates a captivating connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota. Our results not only support the prior research by Smith and Doe (2015) and Jones (2018) but also offer a vibrant additional layer to the understanding of this peculiar correlation. It seems that the convergence of these two seemingly unrelated fields is more than just a happy little accident—it's a striking masterpiece of statistical significance.

Our research has brushed away any doubts about the robustness of the relationship between these variables. The dazzling correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and the r-squared value of 0.8666696 paint a compelling picture of the strength of this unexpected connection. It's a relationship as inseparable as a paintbrush and its bristles, leaving us musing about the colorful inspirations that lead individuals with conservation-focused educations to pursue artistic expressions.

Our findings may initially raise eyebrows, much like a bold brushstroke on a blank canvas, but they ultimately add depth and dimension to our understanding of the subtle, intertwined nuances of our world. It seems that the educational journey through natural resources and conservation ignites a spectrum of creative impulses, leading individuals to pick up their brushes and imbue the world with their environmental sensibilities. This unexpected correlation truly showcases the kaleidoscope of career pathways that emerges from higher education.

When we consider the offerings of literature and entertainment in our literature review, particularly the whimsical yet profound insights from "The Lorax" and the captivating narrative of "Where the Crawdads Sing," it becomes evident that the realm of natural resources and conservation is not only one of academia and policy but also one of inspiration and artistic expression. It appears that the influence of these works in kindling an artistic fervor in the conservation-minded cannot be overlooked. It's almost as if the pages of these literary works have been painted with the brushstrokes of influence, spurring a mosaic of creative inclinations within their readers.

The scatterplot representation of our data, akin to a masterful painting, visually encapsulates the compelling relationship we've uncovered. Just as a skilled painter deftly blends different hues to evoke emotion and captivate viewers, our statistical findings weave together the threads of education and career to reveal an unexpected harmony. It's as if the data points within the scatterplot have been delicately composed with the precision of a fine artist, creating a visual masterpiece that mirrors the unforeseen connection between these variables.

In the spirit of our colorful findings, a whimsical dad joke seems only fitting: Why did the statistician break up with the painter? They had too many "confidence intervals"! As we navigate the rich tapestry of this research, it's essential to infuse moments of levity that bring a splash of humor and an appreciation for the delightful intricacies of our work.

In sum, our investigation not only supports prior literature and entertainment that hints at an intersection between natural resources education and the artistic inclinations of individuals but also stands as a beacon showcasing the unexpected, harmonious blend of these fields. Our study adds a fresh coat of intrigue to the relationship between environmental education and artistic expression, leaving us to wonder if there are more shades of green in the job market than meets the eye.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation and The number of professional painters in Minnesota. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Picture this: a world where conservationists pick up paintbrushes, turning landscapes into breathtaking works of art. Now, while that might sound like the plot of a quirky environmentalist rom-com, our study aims to shed light on the unexpected connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. It's a tale of two seemingly unrelated fields coming together for a colorful collaboration.
But before we dive in, here's a dad joke to set the tone: Why did the statistician become a painter? Because they wanted to make a splash in the art world without skewing the data! We promise there are more where that came from.
The aim of our research is to explore the statistical relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota. Like a well-mixed palette, our findings blend together datasets from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to create a vivid picture of this fascinating connection.
Now, let's address the (non)elephant in the room: the idea that conservationists might find themselves unexpectedly drawn to the world of painting. It's a bit like discovering a correlation between the price of cheese and the number of people who wear glasses – surprising, yet undeniably intriguing!
Speaking of correlations, our analysis revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that the brushstrokes of these two seemingly unconnected fields follow a similar rhythm, much like a well-coordinated dance between art and environmental science.
Here's a thought to mull over: are individuals with a passion for Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently taking their love for greenery to the canvas? The evidence points to a compelling connection between the two, suggesting that perhaps these environmentally conscious souls are channeling their love for mother nature into a canvas of forest greens and earthy browns, creating a masterpiece in both art and conservation.
This unexpected correlation raises a brush-stroke of curiosity, prompting us to ponder the depths of this intersection between environmentally-focused education and artistic expression. It brings to mind an old adage in the statistical world: "Correlation does not imply causation, but it sure does paint a compelling picture!"
So, as we ponder the unexpected crossover between these two fields, we find ourselves asking: are there more shades of green in the job market than we ever realized? Our research aims to explore this question further, shedding light on the surprising ties that bind Natural Resources and Conservation with the vibrant world of professional painting.

[[RESULTS]]
Our investigation into the colorful world of professional painting and its fascinating connection to the field of Natural Resources and Conservation resulted in some intriguing findings. The statistical analysis revealed a dazzling correlation coefficient of 0.9309509, an r-squared value of 0.8666696, and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It seems that these two seemingly unrelated fields are mixing more than just colors, creating an unexpected masterpiece of statistical significance. It's as if the data set itself has been dipped in a variety of pigments, resulting in a vivid representation of this surprising relationship.
In other words, the relationship between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in Minnesota is stronger than the bond between a brush and a palette. It's a paint-icularly robust connection that begs the question: what is inspiring these conservation enthusiasts to pick up their brushes and create? The answer might be more colorful than we ever imagined.
The figure (Fig. 1) presents a scatterplot that beautifully captures the strong correlation between the two variables. Through this visual representation, we can see the data points coming together like the strokes of a skilled painter, creating a striking picture of the unexpected partnership between education in conservation and the world of professional painting. It's a canvas of statistical significance, and it leaves us pondering the artistry at play in the job market.
Now, for a lighter touch: What did the painter say to the statistician? "Let's make this data as colorful as my masterpiece, but with less variance!" As we navigate the colorful landscape of statistical significance, it's important to remember the light-hearted moments that make our research journey all the more vibrant.
In conclusion, our research has revealed a captivating connection between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota. This unexpected correlation adds a fresh coat of intrigue to the relationship between environmental education and artistic expression, painting a vivid picture of the diverse pathways individuals may pursue. It's a brushstroke of curiosity that encourages us to explore the complexities of these intertwined fields, leaving us to wonder if there are more shades of green in the job market than meets the eye.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has unmasked a palette of unexpected connections between the realms of environmental education and artistic expression, leaving us to wonder if there are more shades of green in the job market than we ever realized. Our findings have painted a compelling picture, revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.9309509, an r-squared value of 0.8666696, and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. It's as if our data set has been adorned with a rainbow of statistical significance, showcasing the vibrant partnership between the worlds of conservation and professional painting.

To lighten our conclusion, here's a pun to cap things off: What do you get when you cross a conservationist with a painter? A brush with nature! It seems that the brushstrokes of our statistical analysis have unveiled a dynamic interplay between these seemingly unrelated fields, reminding us that the art of research can be as colorful as the data itself.

In the spirit of good humor, let's wrap this up with one final joke: Why did the statistician only paint on the weekends? Because during the week, they were too busy with data points! But fear not, there's no need for further research in this area. Our study has beautifully captured the unexpected correlation between Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the number of professional painters in Minnesota, leaving us with a canvas of intriguing insights and a palette of statistical significance.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Ecological Economics and Artistic Endeavors


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The National Institute for Ecological Preservation and Sustainable Development


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Painting the Town Green: Exploring the Link Between Associates Degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation and the Number of Professional Painters in Minnesota with an abstract of This study delves into the unexpected connection between the number of Associates degrees awarded in Natural Resources and Conservation and the quantity of professional painters in the state of Minnesota. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we embarked on a colorful investigation to uncover the hidden relationship. Our findings revealed a paint-icularly strong correlation coefficient of 0.9309509 and p < 0.01 for the years 2011 to 2021. This unexpected correlation raises the question: are individuals with Associates degrees in Natural Resources and Conservation inadvertently inspired to paint the town green? It seems that these conservation-minded individuals might be drawn to the brush, whether it's for environmental impact or simply for a change of palette. Overall, this research illuminates an intriguing link between two seemingly unrelated fields and leaves us with the question: are there more shades of green in the job market than we realized?

ChatGPT:

Associates degree, Natural Resources, Conservation, Professional painters, Minnesota, Correlation, National Center for Education Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Environmental impact

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation
Detailed data title: Associate's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions with a field of study of Natural resources and conservation
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation

The number of professional painters in Minnesota
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of painters, construction and maintenance in Minnesota
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of professional painters in Minnesota

Correlation r = 0.9309509 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8666696 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 86.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of professional painters in Minnesota) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation) over the 11 years from 2011 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.2E-5. 0.0000316318641150141850000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.93 in 0.0032% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 31,614 random variables You don't actually need 31 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 10 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 10 because we have two variables measured over a period of 11 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.75, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation (Degrees awarded)15051668159916371718170017691769175416681608
The number of professional painters in Minnesota (Laborers)29203490328035203600393039303910400037503470




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1505,1668,1599,1637,1718,1700,1769,1769,1754,1668,1608,])
array_2 = np.array([2920,3490,3280,3520,3600,3930,3930,3910,4000,3750,3470,])
array_1_name = "Associates degrees awarded in Natural resources and conservation"
array_2_name = "The number of professional painters in Minnesota"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 1936 · Black Variable ID: 1208 · Red Variable ID: 10059
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