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Spurious correlation #1,925 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of plumbers in Tennessee and the second variable is Season wins for the Tennessee Titans.  The chart goes from 2003 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of plumbers in Tennessee decreased, the Titans found themselves unable to 'pipe' down their opponents. With no one to 'flush' out the competition, their performance went down the 'drain'. It seems the team just couldn't 'faucet' the right strategy without the plumbers there to lend a helping 'handyman'!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image inspired by the bustling streets of Tennessee. Show several plumbers with their trucks parked on the street, each proudly adorned with the Tennessee Titans logo. Also, include a banner displaying the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans. The scene should be filled with a sense of community and pride, with a nod to the football team's influence on the local environment. Be sure to capture the vibrant energy of the street and the connection between the local businesses and the beloved sports team. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Brutalism A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s Psychedelic Parallax art A scene from Skyrim
ChatGPT: A scene from Skyrim

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a bustling street in Tennessee, there are several plumbers with their trucks parked, proudly displaying the Tennessee Titans logo. Next to them, a banner proudly announces the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A scene from Skyrim ] and depicting this scene: In a bustling street in Tennessee, there are several plumbers with their trucks parked, proudly displaying the Tennessee Titans logo. Next to them, a banner proudly announces the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image inspired by the bustling streets of Tennessee. Show several plumbers with their trucks parked on the street, each proudly adorned with the Tennessee Titans logo. Also, include a banner displaying the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans. The scene should be filled with a sense of community and pride, with a nod to the football team's influence on the local environment. Be sure to capture the vibrant energy of the street and the connection between the local businesses and the beloved sports team.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The number of plumbers in Tennessee caused Season wins for the Tennessee Titans to decrease. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

The Journal of Athletic Astrology

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title an alliteration.

Your research team used data from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 and p < 0.01 for 2003 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The interplay between seemingly unrelated factors often reveals unexpected correlations, provoking researchers to delve into uncharted territory, much like a plumber confronting a clogged drain. Our study investigates the surprising relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, prompting us to ponder whether there is, quite literally, something in the water in the Volunteer State affecting both the flow of pipes and the flow of touchdowns.

Diving into this study, it quickly becomes evident that these two disparate entities may not be as disconnected as one might think. In the words of a wise plumber, "It's all about finding the right connections." With that in mind, we scoured the depths of data, employing statistical techniques to navigate through the labyrinth of numbers and uncover the tantalizing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians.

As we delved into the data, we found ourselves in the unexpected position of drawing parallels between the precision of a well-executed pipe joint and the precision of a well-executed touchdown pass. It seems that in the world of statistics, much like in plumbing, there are more twists and turns than in a snaking sewer line. It's as if this correlation was hidden in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed like a buried pipe – a treasure trove of unforeseen connections, ready to be brought to light.

Our findings, though surprising at first glance, seriously suggest that the number of plumbers in Tennessee does indeed have a statistically significant impact on the Tennessee Titans' success on the gridiron. As we uncovered this unexpected linkage, we couldn't help but think that maybe, just maybe, the Titans' victories are not solely dependent on the prowess of their players but are also influenced by the unseen work of the plumbing profession. It seems that a strong offense isn't the only thing that can prevent a leak – a strong support system of plumbers might do the trick just as well.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between seemingly unrelated factors often reveals unexpected correlations, provoking researchers to delve into uncharted territory, much like a plumber confronting a clogged drain. Our study investigates the surprising relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, prompting us to ponder whether there is, quite literally, something in the water in the Volunteer State affecting both the flow of pipes and the flow of touchdowns.
Diving into this study, it quickly becomes evident that these two disparate entities may not be as disconnected as one might think. In the words of a wise plumber, "It's all about finding the right connections." With that in mind, we scoured the depths of data, employing statistical techniques to navigate through the labyrinth of numbers and uncover the tantalizing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians.
As we delved into the data, we found ourselves in the unexpected position of drawing parallels between the precision of a well-executed pipe joint and the precision of a well-executed touchdown pass. It seems that in the world of statistics, much like in plumbing, there are more twists and turns than in a snaking sewer line. It's as if this correlation was hidden in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed like a buried pipe – a treasure trove of unforeseen connections, ready to be brought to light.
Our findings, though surprising at first glance, seriously suggest that the number of plumbers in Tennessee does indeed have a statistically significant impact on the Tennessee Titans' success on the gridiron. As we uncovered this unexpected linkage, we couldn't help but think that maybe, just maybe, the Titans' victories are not solely dependent on the prowess of their players but are also influenced by the unseen work of the plumbing profession. It seems that a strong offense isn't the only thing that can prevent a leak – a strong support system of plumbers might do the trick just as well.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

A number of serious studies have previously investigated the relationship between unconventional variables and sports outcomes. In "Smith et al." it was found that weather conditions have a significant impact on the performance of professional athletes. Similarly, "Doe and Jones" explored the influence of fan attendance on the psychological morale of players, leading to unexpected insights into the importance of crowd support. However, none of these studies, nor any others to our knowledge, have delved into the uncharted territory of the connection between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins.

Turning to non-fiction literature, "The Plumbers' Handbook" by Roger D. Woodson and "Football Economics" by Stefan Szymanski offer invaluable insights into the respective fields that stand as the genesis of the curious question at hand. On the other hand, works of fiction such as "Pipe Dreams" by Sarina Bowen and "The Gridiron Genius" by Michael Lombardi offer a lighthearted yet insightful perspective into the respective worlds of plumbing and football that might inspire unconventional correlations.

It is worth noting, however, that our exploration did not merely rely on rigorous statistical analysis. In a bid to comprehend the essence of plumbers and football, we found ourselves engrossed in cartoons and children's shows such as "Bob the Builder" and "Paw Patrol." While not the typical academic sources, we found these unconventional inputs to be surprisingly enlightening, offering a unique perspective on the interconnected worlds of professional sports and vocational trades. After all, who better to offer insights into teamwork and problem-solving than a group of animated construction workers and rescue pups?

In conclusion, the literature surrounding the intersection of plumbing and football may be limited, but the existing sources, both serious and playful, have set the stage for our innovative investigation into the intriguing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians. As we push the boundaries of traditional research, we hope to not only uncover statistical significance but also bring a sense of joy and humor to the often staid field of academic inquiry.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com . You used data from 2003 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between seemingly unrelated factors often reveals unexpected correlations, provoking researchers to delve into uncharted territory, much like a plumber confronting a clogged drain. Our study investigates the surprising relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, prompting us to ponder whether there is, quite literally, something in the water in the Volunteer State affecting both the flow of pipes and the flow of touchdowns.
Diving into this study, it quickly becomes evident that these two disparate entities may not be as disconnected as one might think. In the words of a wise plumber, "It's all about finding the right connections." With that in mind, we scoured the depths of data, employing statistical techniques to navigate through the labyrinth of numbers and uncover the tantalizing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians.
As we delved into the data, we found ourselves in the unexpected position of drawing parallels between the precision of a well-executed pipe joint and the precision of a well-executed touchdown pass. It seems that in the world of statistics, much like in plumbing, there are more twists and turns than in a snaking sewer line. It's as if this correlation was hidden in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed like a buried pipe – a treasure trove of unforeseen connections, ready to be brought to light.
Our findings, though surprising at first glance, seriously suggest that the number of plumbers in Tennessee does indeed have a statistically significant impact on the Tennessee Titans' success on the gridiron. As we uncovered this unexpected linkage, we couldn't help but think that maybe, just maybe, the Titans' victories are not solely dependent on the prowess of their players but are also influenced by the unseen work of the plumbing profession. It seems that a strong offense isn't the only thing that can prevent a leak – a strong support system of plumbers might do the trick just as well.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the curious relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, we employed a methodological approach that was as intricate as the labyrinth of pipes under the streets of Nashville. Our research team gathered data from 2003 to 2022, seeking to quench our curiosity about this unusual correlation.

To commence this peculiar investigation, we meticulously collected data from various sources, primarily drawing upon information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com. Our data collection process was akin to meticulously checking each joint and fitting in a newly installed pipeline, ensuring no detail was overlooked - unless, of course, it was a "pipe dream." We then proceeded to clean and preprocess the dataset, much like a thorough drain cleaning, purging it of any outliers and inconsistencies that might clog our analysis.

To assess the relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, we utilized a combination of statistical tools and techniques. Our first step was to employ a correlation analysis to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables. To our surprise, the correlation coefficient emerged as 0.7419981, which was quite remarkable considering the seemingly unrelated nature of the variables. As we marveled at this strong correlation, a plumber's quip came to mind - "It seems we've struck oil, or in this case, water!"

Furthermore, to determine the statistical significance of this correlation, we conducted a hypothesis test, employing a p-value cutoff of 0.01. The obtained p-value was indeed less than 0.01, leading us to reject the null hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis that a meaningful relationship exists between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins. This statistical confirmation left our team feeling flushed with excitement - pun absolutely intended.

Lastly, to validate the robustness of our findings, we performed a time series analysis to assess the temporal patterns and fluctuations in both variables. The results of this analysis revealed intriguing seasonal trends that echoed the rhythmic ebb and flow of water through a complex network of pipes. It was as if the number of plumbers and the Titans' victories danced to a synchronized beat, much like the harmony of a well-designed plumbing system.

In summary, our research methodology embraced the complexity of the interwoven relationships between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing statistical analyses as rigorous and reliable as a well-built plumbing infrastructure. As we forged ahead with this investigation, we couldn't help but appreciate the unexpected parallels between the world of statistics and the world of plumbing – both filled with twists, turns, and the occasional unexpected overflow.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com .

For the time period 2003 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.7419981, r-squared of 0.5505613, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The interplay between seemingly unrelated factors often reveals unexpected correlations, provoking researchers to delve into uncharted territory, much like a plumber confronting a clogged drain. Our study investigates the surprising relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, prompting us to ponder whether there is, quite literally, something in the water in the Volunteer State affecting both the flow of pipes and the flow of touchdowns.
Diving into this study, it quickly becomes evident that these two disparate entities may not be as disconnected as one might think. In the words of a wise plumber, "It's all about finding the right connections." With that in mind, we scoured the depths of data, employing statistical techniques to navigate through the labyrinth of numbers and uncover the tantalizing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians.
As we delved into the data, we found ourselves in the unexpected position of drawing parallels between the precision of a well-executed pipe joint and the precision of a well-executed touchdown pass. It seems that in the world of statistics, much like in plumbing, there are more twists and turns than in a snaking sewer line. It's as if this correlation was hidden in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed like a buried pipe – a treasure trove of unforeseen connections, ready to be brought to light.
Our findings, though surprising at first glance, seriously suggest that the number of plumbers in Tennessee does indeed have a statistically significant impact on the Tennessee Titans' success on the gridiron. As we uncovered this unexpected linkage, we couldn't help but think that maybe, just maybe, the Titans' victories are not solely dependent on the prowess of their players but are also influenced by the unseen work of the plumbing profession. It seems that a strong offense isn't the only thing that can prevent a leak – a strong support system of plumbers might do the trick just as well.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a remarkable and robust correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans. This correlation signifies a strong positive relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that the success of the Titans is intricately linked to the presence of these unsung heroes of plumbing in the Volunteer State.

In perhaps the most unexpected twist of our analysis, we discovered that for every additional plumber in Tennessee, there was a corresponding increase in the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans. This finding is quite "pipe-tastic" and may prompt some to reconsider whether it's not just the players, but also the plumbers, who play a pivotal role in the Titans' victories. It seems that success flows just as smoothly on the football field as it does through a well-maintained pipeline.

Our analysis further revealed an r-squared value of 0.5505613, indicating that approximately 55% of the variability in the Tennessee Titans' season wins can be explained by the variation in the number of plumbers in the state. This statistical measure underscores the substantial influence of plumbers on the team's performance, metaphorically serving as the unsung offensive line in the Titans' journey to victory.

When assessing the significance of this correlation, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a high level of confidence in the observed relationship. This finding adds weight to our assertion that the number of plumbers in Tennessee is indeed a crucial factor in determining the Tennessee Titans' success, perhaps solidifying the notion that a strong support system off the field can contribute just as much as a strong offensive line on the field.

Figure 1 presents a visual representation of the strong correlation between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins. As seen in the scatterplot, the data points exhibit a clear upward trend, reaffirming the positive association between these variables. Indeed, one could say that the relationship between plumbers and Titans' triumphs is as clear as the pipeline under a well-maintained gridiron – a connection not to be taken lightly.

In conclusion, our findings provide compelling evidence of the unexpected yet substantial impact of the number of plumbers in Tennessee on the Tennessee Titans' performance. This study calls for further exploration into the intricate interplay of seemingly unrelated industries, reminding us that in the realm of statistics, as in life, sometimes the most surprising connections turn out to be the most significant.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
A number of serious studies have previously investigated the relationship between unconventional variables and sports outcomes. In "Smith et al." it was found that weather conditions have a significant impact on the performance of professional athletes. Similarly, "Doe and Jones" explored the influence of fan attendance on the psychological morale of players, leading to unexpected insights into the importance of crowd support. However, none of these studies, nor any others to our knowledge, have delved into the uncharted territory of the connection between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins.
Turning to non-fiction literature, "The Plumbers' Handbook" by Roger D. Woodson and "Football Economics" by Stefan Szymanski offer invaluable insights into the respective fields that stand as the genesis of the curious question at hand. On the other hand, works of fiction such as "Pipe Dreams" by Sarina Bowen and "The Gridiron Genius" by Michael Lombardi offer a lighthearted yet insightful perspective into the respective worlds of plumbing and football that might inspire unconventional correlations.
It is worth noting, however, that our exploration did not merely rely on rigorous statistical analysis. In a bid to comprehend the essence of plumbers and football, we found ourselves engrossed in cartoons and children's shows such as "Bob the Builder" and "Paw Patrol." While not the typical academic sources, we found these unconventional inputs to be surprisingly enlightening, offering a unique perspective on the interconnected worlds of professional sports and vocational trades. After all, who better to offer insights into teamwork and problem-solving than a group of animated construction workers and rescue pups?
In conclusion, the literature surrounding the intersection of plumbing and football may be limited, but the existing sources, both serious and playful, have set the stage for our innovative investigation into the intriguing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians. As we push the boundaries of traditional research, we hope to not only uncover statistical significance but also bring a sense of joy and humor to the often staid field of academic inquiry.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a remarkable and robust correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans. This correlation signifies a strong positive relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that the success of the Titans is intricately linked to the presence of these unsung heroes of plumbing in the Volunteer State.
In perhaps the most unexpected twist of our analysis, we discovered that for every additional plumber in Tennessee, there was a corresponding increase in the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans. This finding is quite "pipe-tastic" and may prompt some to reconsider whether it's not just the players, but also the plumbers, who play a pivotal role in the Titans' victories. It seems that success flows just as smoothly on the football field as it does through a well-maintained pipeline.
Our analysis further revealed an r-squared value of 0.5505613, indicating that approximately 55% of the variability in the Tennessee Titans' season wins can be explained by the variation in the number of plumbers in the state. This statistical measure underscores the substantial influence of plumbers on the team's performance, metaphorically serving as the unsung offensive line in the Titans' journey to victory.
When assessing the significance of this correlation, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a high level of confidence in the observed relationship. This finding adds weight to our assertion that the number of plumbers in Tennessee is indeed a crucial factor in determining the Tennessee Titans' success, perhaps solidifying the notion that a strong support system off the field can contribute just as much as a strong offensive line on the field.
Figure 1 presents a visual representation of the strong correlation between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins. As seen in the scatterplot, the data points exhibit a clear upward trend, reaffirming the positive association between these variables. Indeed, one could say that the relationship between plumbers and Titans' triumphs is as clear as the pipeline under a well-maintained gridiron – a connection not to be taken lightly.
In conclusion, our findings provide compelling evidence of the unexpected yet substantial impact of the number of plumbers in Tennessee on the Tennessee Titans' performance. This study calls for further exploration into the intricate interplay of seemingly unrelated industries, reminding us that in the realm of statistics, as in life, sometimes the most surprising connections turn out to be the most significant.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our study have unveiled a surprising and robust correlation between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, providing empirical support for a relationship that may have previously been dismissed as simply coincidental or even slightly facetious. While on the surface it may seem more fitting for punchlines rather than p-values, our findings have unequivocally underscored the substantial influence of plumbers on the success of the Titans.

Our research findings offer a fresh perspective on the factors contributing to athletic achievements. The substantial correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 not only supports our original hypothesis but also aligns with the broader literature on unexpected determinants of sports outcomes. Similar to the findings of "Smith et al." on the impact of weather conditions and "Doe and Jones" on fan attendance, our study challenges conventional wisdom by shedding light on the often overlooked role of plumbers in professional sports success. The statistically significant association between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins serves as a reminder that sometimes the most whimsical-seeming connections can hold genuine and substantial implications. One might say our findings are "pipe-lining" their way into the annals of sports research.

The r-squared value of 0.5505613 conveys that approximately 55% of the variation in the Tennessee Titans' season wins can be attributed to the variation in the number of plumbers in the state. This finding not only bolsters the strength of the correlation but also underscores the considerable influence of plumbers on the team's performance, akin to the undeniable importance of a well-assembled offensive line. As the evidence "pipes" up, it becomes clear that the plumbing profession may hold a critical position on the Titans' roster, albeit off the field.

Our findings align with the burgeoning field of unconventional correlations, demonstrating that the number of plumbers in Tennessee is a significant factor in determining the Tennessee Titans' success. This unanticipated linkage prompts a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in a seemingly unrelated industry.

In summation, our study offers compelling evidence of the unexpected yet substantial impact of the number of plumbers in Tennessee on the Tennessee Titans' performance, demonstrating that the influence of plumbers stretches far beyond fixing leaks and clogs. As we continue to unravel the enigmatic connections within the world of sports, perhaps it is time to recognize that when it comes to success, sometimes it's not only about the players on the field but also the unsung heroes behind the scenes.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of plumbers in Tennessee and Season wins for the Tennessee Titans. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.

This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.

In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The interplay between seemingly unrelated factors often reveals unexpected correlations, provoking researchers to delve into uncharted territory, much like a plumber confronting a clogged drain. Our study investigates the surprising relationship between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans, prompting us to ponder whether there is, quite literally, something in the water in the Volunteer State affecting both the flow of pipes and the flow of touchdowns.
Diving into this study, it quickly becomes evident that these two disparate entities may not be as disconnected as one might think. In the words of a wise plumber, "It's all about finding the right connections." With that in mind, we scoured the depths of data, employing statistical techniques to navigate through the labyrinth of numbers and uncover the tantalizing ties between Titans' triumphs and Tennessee's trench technicians.
As we delved into the data, we found ourselves in the unexpected position of drawing parallels between the precision of a well-executed pipe joint and the precision of a well-executed touchdown pass. It seems that in the world of statistics, much like in plumbing, there are more twists and turns than in a snaking sewer line. It's as if this correlation was hidden in plain sight, waiting to be unearthed like a buried pipe – a treasure trove of unforeseen connections, ready to be brought to light.
Our findings, though surprising at first glance, seriously suggest that the number of plumbers in Tennessee does indeed have a statistically significant impact on the Tennessee Titans' success on the gridiron. As we uncovered this unexpected linkage, we couldn't help but think that maybe, just maybe, the Titans' victories are not solely dependent on the prowess of their players but are also influenced by the unseen work of the plumbing profession. It seems that a strong offense isn't the only thing that can prevent a leak – a strong support system of plumbers might do the trick just as well.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a remarkable and robust correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans. This correlation signifies a strong positive relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables, suggesting that the success of the Titans is intricately linked to the presence of these unsung heroes of plumbing in the Volunteer State.
In perhaps the most unexpected twist of our analysis, we discovered that for every additional plumber in Tennessee, there was a corresponding increase in the number of season wins for the Tennessee Titans. This finding is quite "pipe-tastic" and may prompt some to reconsider whether it's not just the players, but also the plumbers, who play a pivotal role in the Titans' victories. It seems that success flows just as smoothly on the football field as it does through a well-maintained pipeline.
Our analysis further revealed an r-squared value of 0.5505613, indicating that approximately 55% of the variability in the Tennessee Titans' season wins can be explained by the variation in the number of plumbers in the state. This statistical measure underscores the substantial influence of plumbers on the team's performance, metaphorically serving as the unsung offensive line in the Titans' journey to victory.
When assessing the significance of this correlation, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates a high level of confidence in the observed relationship. This finding adds weight to our assertion that the number of plumbers in Tennessee is indeed a crucial factor in determining the Tennessee Titans' success, perhaps solidifying the notion that a strong support system off the field can contribute just as much as a strong offensive line on the field.
Figure 1 presents a visual representation of the strong correlation between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins. As seen in the scatterplot, the data points exhibit a clear upward trend, reaffirming the positive association between these variables. Indeed, one could say that the relationship between plumbers and Titans' triumphs is as clear as the pipeline under a well-maintained gridiron – a connection not to be taken lightly.
In conclusion, our findings provide compelling evidence of the unexpected yet substantial impact of the number of plumbers in Tennessee on the Tennessee Titans' performance. This study calls for further exploration into the intricate interplay of seemingly unrelated industries, reminding us that in the realm of statistics, as in life, sometimes the most surprising connections turn out to be the most significant.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has uncovered a statistically significant correlation between the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the season wins of the Tennessee Titans. The robust correlation coefficient and low p-value suggest a strong positive relationship, demonstrating that the success of the Titans is closely linked to the presence of these unsung heroes of plumbing in the Volunteer State. It seems that when it comes to victories, these plumbers truly know how to "pipe up" the team's performance.

Our unexpected findings underscore the importance of considering diverse and unconventional factors that may influence athletic achievement. As we wrap up this research, we can't help but reflect on the notion that perhaps the Titans' victories are not solely dependent on the prowess of their players but also on the unseen work of the plumbing profession. One might say that in the game of football, as in plumbing, having a strong offensive line is essential to prevent any "leaks" – literal or metaphorical.

It behooves us to acknowledge the substantial impact of the number of plumbers in Tennessee on the Tennessee Titans' success, reminding us that, in statistics, as in plumbing, "flow" is key to achieving optimal results. The data has spoken, and it appears that success flows just as smoothly on the football field as it does through a well-maintained pipeline.

Given the compelling evidence uncovered in this study, it seems as though no more research is needed in this area, unless, of course, one seeks to quip, "Looks like we've plumbed the depths of this topic and come out victorious!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Athletic Astrology


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Association for Deep-Space Botany and Agricultural Research


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Tennessee Titans Triumph: The Tantalizing Ties between Titans' Triumphs and Tennessee's Trench Technicians with an abstract of This research delves into the intriguing intersection of the number of plumbers in Tennessee and the Tennessee Titans' season wins, employing a lighthearted approach to a peculiar correlation. Utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Pro-Football-Reference.com, our team sought to unravel this enigmatic relationship. Upon analysis, a remarkable correlation coefficient of 0.7419981 was unveiled, with a p-value of less than 0.01 observed for the period spanning from 2003 to 2022.
This study is the first of its kind to explore such an unconventional connection, shedding light on the often overlooked influence of plumbers on professional sports achievements. Our findings suggest that as the number of plumbers in Tennessee rises, the Tennessee Titans tend to experience increased success on the field. The implications of this unexpected linkage prompt a reevaluation of the factors contributing to athletic prowess, revealing the unexpected impact of plumbers in an unforeseen field - pun intended.
In the spirit of plumbing and pigskin, we dare say this correlation is quite "pipe-tastic" and suggests that the success of the Titans may indeed be "flush" with the number of plumbers in the state. This work invites further exploration into the interplay of seemingly disparate industries and their unanticipated, yet statistically supported, harmonies.

ChatGPT:

Tennessee, Titans, Triumph, Tennessee Titans, plumbers, Tennessee plumbers, correlation, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Pro-Football-Reference.com, Tennessee Titans wins, plumbers influence, professional sports, athletic prowess, unconventional connection, correlation coefficient, p-value, 2003-2022, Tennessee industries, statistical relationships, Tennessee sports, professional sports achievements, unforeseen influence, plumbing impact

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of plumbers in Tennessee
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters in Tennessee
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of plumbers in Tennessee

Season wins for the Tennessee Titans
Detailed data title: Number of season wins by the Tennessee Titans
Source: Pro-Football-Reference.com
See what else correlates with Season wins for the Tennessee Titans

Correlation r = 0.7419981 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.5505613 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 55.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Season wins for the Tennessee Titans) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of plumbers in Tennessee) over the 20 years from 2003 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00018. 0.0001801248411118053000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.74 in 0.018% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 5,552 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.45, 0.89 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
The number of plumbers in Tennessee (Laborers)82106670626078607680795066306800657065605900597060706650638065206390729077506860
Season wins for the Tennessee Titans (Titans wins)1254810138696723999911127




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([8210,6670,6260,7860,7680,7950,6630,6800,6570,6560,5900,5970,6070,6650,6380,6520,6390,7290,7750,6860,])
array_2 = np.array([12,5,4,8,10,13,8,6,9,6,7,2,3,9,9,9,9,11,12,7,])
array_1_name = "The number of plumbers in Tennessee"
array_2_name = "Season wins for the Tennessee Titans"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 1925 · Black Variable ID: 14588 · Red Variable ID: 19677
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