Spurious correlation #1,781 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the second variable is The number of groundskeepers in Utah. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the second variable is The number of groundskeepers in Utah. The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of psychology graduates rose, so did the demand for shrinks, er, I mean shrub experts. It seems like everyone was finally recognizing the deep-rooted issues in Utah's green spaces and decided to take a leaf out of Freud's book by tackling them head-on. As these graduates mulled over their career options, they realized that they could cultivate a fulfilling career in groundskeeping, digging deep into the soil of the human psyche while also mowing lawns. It's a Freudian field of work indeed, where they can help grass cope with its existential crises and provide much-needed therapy for plants experiencing growth issues. It's safe to say that these psychology grads are really raking in the success in the world of horticulture, proving that when it comes to tending to the state of Utah's landscapes, they're not just whistling dixie!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie, showcasing a group of graduates in their gowns joyfully tossing their hats into the air against the backdrop of a stunning park in Utah. The sun is setting, casting a warm glow over the scene, and in the background, a team of groundskeepers can be seen meticulously attending to the beautiful landscape. The graduates proudly hold their Bachelor's degrees in Psychology aloft, their faces filled with pride as they celebrate this significant achievement in the midst of nature's beauty. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Psychedelic Minimalism Pop art Cutsy graphics An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A group of people in graduation gowns are celebrating outdoors at a beautiful park in Utah. In the background, a team of groundskeepers are carefully tending to the lush green lawns and colorful flower beds. The graduates proudly display their Bachelor's degrees in Psychology while the groundskeepers work diligently to maintain the scenic surroundings.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie ] and depicting this scene: A group of people in graduation gowns are celebrating outdoors at a beautiful park in Utah. In the background, a team of groundskeepers are carefully tending to the lush green lawns and colorful flower beds. The graduates proudly display their Bachelor's degrees in Psychology while the groundskeepers work diligently to maintain the scenic surroundings. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: An image that looks like it is a scene from a Disney movie, showcasing a group of graduates in their gowns joyfully tossing their hats into the air against the backdrop of a stunning park in Utah. The sun is setting, casting a warm glow over the scene, and in the background, a team of groundskeepers can be seen meticulously attending to the beautiful landscape. The graduates proudly hold their Bachelor's degrees in Psychology aloft, their faces filled with pride as they celebrate this significant achievement in the midst of nature's beauty.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology caused The number of groundskeepers in Utah to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah

The Journal of Unconventional Associations

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The present study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. Drawing upon data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team weeded through the numbers to uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9898450, indicating a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the number of psychology degrees blooms, the demand for groundskeepers flourishes in parallel.

In our quest to unravel this enigma, we unearthed a fertile ground for puns and wordplay, and we mow present our findings with a dash of humor. It seems that the cultivation of psychological expertise may be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah.

Furthermore, the statistical analyses revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the significance of this correlation. This relationship, though rooted in unexpected soil, offers insight into the behavioral and economic forces at play. As the saying goes, "Psychology majors have a lawn way to go in shaping the workforce!"

In conclusion, our research sheds light on a verdant connection between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers. We hope this study sows the seeds for further exploration into the uncultivated intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, there's no denying the grass-roots impact of psychology on Utah's flourishing groundskeeping industry.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of academic disciplines and employment trends often yields surprising and thought-provoking correlations, akin to unearthing a hidden treasure in a field of daisies. In this vein, our research examines the link between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. It may seem like a peculiar pairing, but as Sigmund Freud once quipped, "The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water." Similarly, our findings reveal a connection that hovers beneath the surface, waiting to be uncovered, much like a well-hidden lawn gnome.
As we delve into the statistical underbrush, we uncover a correlation coefficient that is nothing short of astounding. With a coefficient of 0.9898450, it appears that the ever-growing number of psychology degrees is accompanied by a parallel increase in the demand for groundskeepers. It's as if the minds exploring the complexities of human behavior are also grooming the landscapes that embody the natural world's serene beauty. One could say that this correlation has really "grown" on us, not unlike a stubborn patch of crabgrass in an otherwise immaculate lawn.
The underlying dynamics of this relationship are indeed intriguing, like an unexpected encounter with a molehill amidst a perfectly manicured garden. The insights gleaned from this study are not merely superficial, but they plunge deep into the fertile soil of behavioral and economic forces at play. After all, as the saying goes, "You can't buy happiness, but you can buy plants, which is pretty much the same thing." And it seems that the pursuit of psychological knowledge may have a hand in shaping the workforce that tends to Utah's green spaces – a phenomenon that we find both curious and captivating.
In addition to revealing this unexpected connection, our research also shines a spotlight on the significance of the statistical analyses, underscoring the robustness of this correlation. This finding echoes the sentiment that "In the garden of life, everything has its season," perhaps even the rise and fall of demand for groundskeepers in tandem with the growth of psychology degrees. This study, in all its unexpected splendor, serves as a testament to the harmonious interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends. It is a story that continues to blossom with each data point, much like the delicate petals of a flower opening to the morning sun.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in Utah has garnered little attention in scholarly literature. However, a few pioneering studies have addressed the interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends, setting the stage for our investigation. Smith et al. (2015) identified a positive correlation between the growth of psychology programs and employment opportunities in related social service sectors, laying a groundwork for further exploration.

Doe and Jones (2017) expanded on this foundation by examining the ripple effects of academic specialization on diverse occupational fields. Their comprehensive analysis hinted at the potential influence of psychology degrees on the labor market dynamics, providing a budding insight into the wider implications of academic pursuits on employment trends.

In "Psychology and Plant Care" by Green Thumb (2019), the authors highlight the overlooked connection between the study of the human mind and the care of botanical specimens. This book, although primarily focused on horticultural therapy, inadvertently sheds light on the parallel growth of psychology degrees and the demand for groundskeepers, unlike any other literature in the field. The crossover between the psychological study of human behavior and the nurturing of greenery offers a fertile ground for interdisciplinary musings.

Moving into the realm of fiction, "The Secret Life of Groundskeepers" by Mowgli (2010) presents a whimsical tale of groundskeepers with hidden depths, mirroring the enigmatic nature of psychological inquiry. While this narrative may not directly address the scholarly inquiry at hand, it serves as a reminder that beneath the surface of routine occupations lie untold stories and unexplored connections, much like the hidden depths of the human mind.

In our pursuit of a broader perspective, we turned to unconventional sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychological and horticultural interplay. An unexpected revelation was found in the minuscule font of CVS receipts, which, upon close examination, subtly hinted at a mysterious correlation between stocking up on psychology textbooks and purchasing lawn care products. Though unconventional, this particularly unusual method provided a quirky, yet surprisingly rich, source of anecdotal evidence for our inquiry.

This diverse collection of literature, though often unexpected, offered a compelling insight into the uncharted territory of psychology degrees and the groundskeeping workforce. The intersection of academic pursuits and labor market trends, much like a well-tended garden, presents an intriguing landscape for further exploration and scholarship.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2012 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The present study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. Drawing upon data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team weeded through the numbers to uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9898450, indicating a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the number of psychology degrees blooms, the demand for groundskeepers flourishes in parallel.

In our quest to unravel this enigma, we unearthed a fertile ground for puns and wordplay, and we mow present our findings with a dash of humor. It seems that the cultivation of psychological expertise may be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah.

Furthermore, the statistical analyses revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the significance of this correlation. This relationship, though rooted in unexpected soil, offers insight into the behavioral and economic forces at play. As the saying goes, "Psychology majors have a lawn way to go in shaping the workforce!"

In conclusion, our research sheds light on a verdant connection between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers. We hope this study sows the seeds for further exploration into the uncultivated intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, there's no denying the grass-roots impact of psychology on Utah's flourishing groundskeeping industry.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The intersection of academic disciplines and employment trends often yields surprising and thought-provoking correlations, akin to unearthing a hidden treasure in a field of daisies. In this vein, our research examines the link between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. It may seem like a peculiar pairing, but as Sigmund Freud once quipped, "The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water." Similarly, our findings reveal a connection that hovers beneath the surface, waiting to be uncovered, much like a well-hidden lawn gnome.
As we delve into the statistical underbrush, we uncover a correlation coefficient that is nothing short of astounding. With a coefficient of 0.9898450, it appears that the ever-growing number of psychology degrees is accompanied by a parallel increase in the demand for groundskeepers. It's as if the minds exploring the complexities of human behavior are also grooming the landscapes that embody the natural world's serene beauty. One could say that this correlation has really "grown" on us, not unlike a stubborn patch of crabgrass in an otherwise immaculate lawn.
The underlying dynamics of this relationship are indeed intriguing, like an unexpected encounter with a molehill amidst a perfectly manicured garden. The insights gleaned from this study are not merely superficial, but they plunge deep into the fertile soil of behavioral and economic forces at play. After all, as the saying goes, "You can't buy happiness, but you can buy plants, which is pretty much the same thing." And it seems that the pursuit of psychological knowledge may have a hand in shaping the workforce that tends to Utah's green spaces – a phenomenon that we find both curious and captivating.
In addition to revealing this unexpected connection, our research also shines a spotlight on the significance of the statistical analyses, underscoring the robustness of this correlation. This finding echoes the sentiment that "In the garden of life, everything has its season," perhaps even the rise and fall of demand for groundskeepers in tandem with the growth of psychology degrees. This study, in all its unexpected splendor, serves as a testament to the harmonious interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends. It is a story that continues to blossom with each data point, much like the delicate petals of a flower opening to the morning sun.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To plow through the fertile fields of data, our research team employed a comprehensive and methodical approach. We culled information from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, harvesting datasets spanning the years 2012 to 2021. Our initially plowed hypotheses were then cultivated into research questions, and the bounty of statistical analyses was reaped with meticulous care.

Our first step involved germinating the database of bachelor's degrees awarded in psychology from accredited institutions. This entailed sowing the seeds of data collection, tilling through the National Center for Education Statistics' databases, and reaping the annual yields of psychology degrees conferred. Once these figures were harvested, they were tabulated to chart the annual fluctuations in the number of psychology degrees awarded, akin to observing the growth rings of a scholarly tree. These figures were then cross-referenced with the employment statistics for groundskeepers in the scenic pastures of Utah, as recorded by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This cross-pollination of datasets allowed us to analyze the verdant landscape of the labor market in correlation with the blossoming of psychological expertise.

As we irrigated the statistical terrain, we employed Pearson's correlation coefficient to quantify the strength and direction of the relationship between the number of psychology degrees awarded and the employment of groundskeepers in Utah. This analysis allowed us to unearth the extent of the association, akin to measuring the depth of roots within the soil. Furthermore, we computed the p-value to assess the statistical significance of this connection, endeavoring to distinguish between true causation and mere coincidence. Our cultivation of statistical significance aimed to weed out spurious correlations and cultivate a robust understanding of the psych-ing relationship between academic pursuits and the workforce landscape.

In addition to these analyses, we leveraged time series methods to capture the seasonal fluctuations and long-term trends in the number of psychology degrees awarded and the employment of groundskeepers. This approach allowed us to plough through the temporal soil of data, revealing any cyclical patterns or sustained growth trends in these variables. These methods enabled us to paint a vivid picture of the changing seasons within the academic and labor domains, providing insight into the dynamic interplay that permeates the verdant landscape of Utah's psychological and horticultural realms.

To mitigate the potential for biases and toil, we conducted sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of our findings and the stability of the observed correlations over time. These sensitivity analyses served as a metaphorical sprinkler system, nurturing the integrity of our results and guarding against the wilting of statistical validity.

In closing, our methodology integrates various techniques for data collection, statistical analysis, and seasonal examination to uncover the deep roots and flourishing blooms of the relationship between psychology degrees and groundskeepers in Utah, deserving a round of "a-plaudit-cus" for its thoroughness and precision.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2012 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9898450, r-squared of 0.9797930, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The present study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. Drawing upon data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team weeded through the numbers to uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9898450, indicating a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the number of psychology degrees blooms, the demand for groundskeepers flourishes in parallel.

In our quest to unravel this enigma, we unearthed a fertile ground for puns and wordplay, and we mow present our findings with a dash of humor. It seems that the cultivation of psychological expertise may be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah.

Furthermore, the statistical analyses revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the significance of this correlation. This relationship, though rooted in unexpected soil, offers insight into the behavioral and economic forces at play. As the saying goes, "Psychology majors have a lawn way to go in shaping the workforce!"

In conclusion, our research sheds light on a verdant connection between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers. We hope this study sows the seeds for further exploration into the uncultivated intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, there's no denying the grass-roots impact of psychology on Utah's flourishing groundskeeping industry.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The intersection of academic disciplines and employment trends often yields surprising and thought-provoking correlations, akin to unearthing a hidden treasure in a field of daisies. In this vein, our research examines the link between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. It may seem like a peculiar pairing, but as Sigmund Freud once quipped, "The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water." Similarly, our findings reveal a connection that hovers beneath the surface, waiting to be uncovered, much like a well-hidden lawn gnome.
As we delve into the statistical underbrush, we uncover a correlation coefficient that is nothing short of astounding. With a coefficient of 0.9898450, it appears that the ever-growing number of psychology degrees is accompanied by a parallel increase in the demand for groundskeepers. It's as if the minds exploring the complexities of human behavior are also grooming the landscapes that embody the natural world's serene beauty. One could say that this correlation has really "grown" on us, not unlike a stubborn patch of crabgrass in an otherwise immaculate lawn.
The underlying dynamics of this relationship are indeed intriguing, like an unexpected encounter with a molehill amidst a perfectly manicured garden. The insights gleaned from this study are not merely superficial, but they plunge deep into the fertile soil of behavioral and economic forces at play. After all, as the saying goes, "You can't buy happiness, but you can buy plants, which is pretty much the same thing." And it seems that the pursuit of psychological knowledge may have a hand in shaping the workforce that tends to Utah's green spaces – a phenomenon that we find both curious and captivating.
In addition to revealing this unexpected connection, our research also shines a spotlight on the significance of the statistical analyses, underscoring the robustness of this correlation. This finding echoes the sentiment that "In the garden of life, everything has its season," perhaps even the rise and fall of demand for groundskeepers in tandem with the growth of psychology degrees. This study, in all its unexpected splendor, serves as a testament to the harmonious interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends. It is a story that continues to blossom with each data point, much like the delicate petals of a flower opening to the morning sun.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of the data analysis reveal a strong and statistically significant correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the state of Utah from 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9898450 indicates a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. This correlation suggests that as the number of psychology degrees awarded increased, so did the demand for groundskeepers, akin to the interconnectedness of roots and shoots in a thriving ecosystem.

As we mow-ve through the numbers, the r-squared value of 0.9797930 further reinforces the strength of this correlation, illustrating that approximately 97.98% of the variation in the employment of groundskeepers in Utah can be explained by the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology. This finding indicates a close-knit relationship comparable to the intertwining of ivy on a lattice, as the growth of one seems to nurture the growth of the other.

The p-value of less than 0.01 adds an exclamation point to this discovery, signifying the statistical significance of the correlation. It appears that the cultivation of psychological expertise may indeed be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah, much like tending to the weeds of uncertainty in the garden of academia.

In Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually captures the strong positive correlation between the variables, resembling a meticulously landscaped garden bed adorned with a vibrant array of flowers. This correlation sprouts from our data like a bright blossom amidst the sprawling greenery of statistical analyses, and it is a testament to the unexpected yet captivating relationship between minds and meadows.

In conclusion, our findings highlight the unexpected but undeniable association between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers in Utah. This correlation offers fertile soil for further exploration into the intertwined nature of academic disciplines and occupational trends, and it is our hope that this research has seeded curiosity and sparked new inquiries into the verdant intersection of psychology and employment dynamics.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The present study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. Drawing upon data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team weeded through the numbers to uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9898450, indicating a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the number of psychology degrees blooms, the demand for groundskeepers flourishes in parallel.

In our quest to unravel this enigma, we unearthed a fertile ground for puns and wordplay, and we mow present our findings with a dash of humor. It seems that the cultivation of psychological expertise may be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah.

Furthermore, the statistical analyses revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the significance of this correlation. This relationship, though rooted in unexpected soil, offers insight into the behavioral and economic forces at play. As the saying goes, "Psychology majors have a lawn way to go in shaping the workforce!"

In conclusion, our research sheds light on a verdant connection between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers. We hope this study sows the seeds for further exploration into the uncultivated intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, there's no denying the grass-roots impact of psychology on Utah's flourishing groundskeeping industry.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in Utah has garnered little attention in scholarly literature. However, a few pioneering studies have addressed the interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends, setting the stage for our investigation. Smith et al. (2015) identified a positive correlation between the growth of psychology programs and employment opportunities in related social service sectors, laying a groundwork for further exploration.
Doe and Jones (2017) expanded on this foundation by examining the ripple effects of academic specialization on diverse occupational fields. Their comprehensive analysis hinted at the potential influence of psychology degrees on the labor market dynamics, providing a budding insight into the wider implications of academic pursuits on employment trends.
In "Psychology and Plant Care" by Green Thumb (2019), the authors highlight the overlooked connection between the study of the human mind and the care of botanical specimens. This book, although primarily focused on horticultural therapy, inadvertently sheds light on the parallel growth of psychology degrees and the demand for groundskeepers, unlike any other literature in the field. The crossover between the psychological study of human behavior and the nurturing of greenery offers a fertile ground for interdisciplinary musings.
Moving into the realm of fiction, "The Secret Life of Groundskeepers" by Mowgli (2010) presents a whimsical tale of groundskeepers with hidden depths, mirroring the enigmatic nature of psychological inquiry. While this narrative may not directly address the scholarly inquiry at hand, it serves as a reminder that beneath the surface of routine occupations lie untold stories and unexplored connections, much like the hidden depths of the human mind.
In our pursuit of a broader perspective, we turned to unconventional sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the psychological and horticultural interplay. An unexpected revelation was found in the minuscule font of CVS receipts, which, upon close examination, subtly hinted at a mysterious correlation between stocking up on psychology textbooks and purchasing lawn care products. Though unconventional, this particularly unusual method provided a quirky, yet surprisingly rich, source of anecdotal evidence for our inquiry.
This diverse collection of literature, though often unexpected, offered a compelling insight into the uncharted territory of psychology degrees and the groundskeeping workforce. The intersection of academic pursuits and labor market trends, much like a well-tended garden, presents an intriguing landscape for further exploration and scholarship.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of the data analysis reveal a strong and statistically significant correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the state of Utah from 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9898450 indicates a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. This correlation suggests that as the number of psychology degrees awarded increased, so did the demand for groundskeepers, akin to the interconnectedness of roots and shoots in a thriving ecosystem.
As we mow-ve through the numbers, the r-squared value of 0.9797930 further reinforces the strength of this correlation, illustrating that approximately 97.98% of the variation in the employment of groundskeepers in Utah can be explained by the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology. This finding indicates a close-knit relationship comparable to the intertwining of ivy on a lattice, as the growth of one seems to nurture the growth of the other.
The p-value of less than 0.01 adds an exclamation point to this discovery, signifying the statistical significance of the correlation. It appears that the cultivation of psychological expertise may indeed be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah, much like tending to the weeds of uncertainty in the garden of academia.
In Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually captures the strong positive correlation between the variables, resembling a meticulously landscaped garden bed adorned with a vibrant array of flowers. This correlation sprouts from our data like a bright blossom amidst the sprawling greenery of statistical analyses, and it is a testament to the unexpected yet captivating relationship between minds and meadows.
In conclusion, our findings highlight the unexpected but undeniable association between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers in Utah. This correlation offers fertile soil for further exploration into the intertwined nature of academic disciplines and occupational trends, and it is our hope that this research has seeded curiosity and sparked new inquiries into the verdant intersection of psychology and employment dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of our research exceptionally align with the prior literature on the interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends, presenting a verdant landscape of correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in Utah. As Smith et al. (2015) and Doe and Jones (2017) laid the groundwork for understanding the influence of academic specialization on occupational dynamics, our study mows the way for a deeper comprehension of the unexpected yet robust connection between psychological expertise and the flourishing demand for groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah.

Our strong correlation coefficient of 0.9898450 falls not far from the tree of previous research, underscoring the profound congruence between the growth of psychology programs and the boom in employment opportunities for groundskeepers. The statistical significance of this relationship, akin to a well-rooted plant, further corroborates the intricate bond between these seemingly divergent fields. It seems that the cultivation of psychology expertise indeed has a "ground-breaking" impact on the labor market for groundskeepers in Utah.

We draw attention to the literature's often overlooked insights, such as those found in Green Thumb (2019), which inadvertently illuminated the parallel growth of psychology degrees and the demand for groundskeepers. This overlooked connection offers a fertile ground for interdisciplinary musings and further highlights the unexpected yet undeniable relationship we substantiate in our findings. It appears that the influence of psychological studies extends beyond the human mind, reaching into the flourishing meadows and lawns tended by groundskeepers across the scenic landscape of Utah.

Additionally, our results echo the uncharted, whimsical tale presented by Mowgli (2010), hinting at the hidden depths and untold stories beneath the routine occupations of groundskeepers. While this narrative may not have directly addressed our scholarly inquiry, it serves as a whimsical reminder of the enigmatic nature of the psychological and horticultural dialogue we have unveiled, much like the hidden depths of a well-tended garden.

The quirky anecdotal evidence gleaned from CVS receipts, although unconventional, has also provided a surprisingly rich source of support for our inquiry, much like an unexpected burst of growth in a carefully nurtured garden. This unconventional approach, while met with amusement, has substantiated and augmented the unexpected relationship between psychology degrees and the labor market for groundskeepers in Utah.

In conclusion, our study has not only cultivated a deeper understanding of the interplay between academic pursuits in psychology and occupational trends but has also sown the seeds for future exploration and scholarship in this verdant terrain. We surmise that our research has not only served to water the garden of knowledge but also to fertilize it with a newfound appreciation for the unexpected, but undeniably, interconnected worlds of psychology and the groundskeeping workforce in Utah. As the saying goes, "There's a lawn way to grow with psychology!"

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and The number of groundskeepers in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah"

[[ABSTRACT]]
The present study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. Drawing upon data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team weeded through the numbers to uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9898450, indicating a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the number of psychology degrees blooms, the demand for groundskeepers flourishes in parallel.

In our quest to unravel this enigma, we unearthed a fertile ground for puns and wordplay, and we mow present our findings with a dash of humor. It seems that the cultivation of psychological expertise may be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah.

Furthermore, the statistical analyses revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the significance of this correlation. This relationship, though rooted in unexpected soil, offers insight into the behavioral and economic forces at play. As the saying goes, "Psychology majors have a lawn way to go in shaping the workforce!"

In conclusion, our research sheds light on a verdant connection between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers. We hope this study sows the seeds for further exploration into the uncultivated intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, there's no denying the grass-roots impact of psychology on Utah's flourishing groundskeeping industry.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The intersection of academic disciplines and employment trends often yields surprising and thought-provoking correlations, akin to unearthing a hidden treasure in a field of daisies. In this vein, our research examines the link between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. It may seem like a peculiar pairing, but as Sigmund Freud once quipped, "The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water." Similarly, our findings reveal a connection that hovers beneath the surface, waiting to be uncovered, much like a well-hidden lawn gnome.
As we delve into the statistical underbrush, we uncover a correlation coefficient that is nothing short of astounding. With a coefficient of 0.9898450, it appears that the ever-growing number of psychology degrees is accompanied by a parallel increase in the demand for groundskeepers. It's as if the minds exploring the complexities of human behavior are also grooming the landscapes that embody the natural world's serene beauty. One could say that this correlation has really "grown" on us, not unlike a stubborn patch of crabgrass in an otherwise immaculate lawn.
The underlying dynamics of this relationship are indeed intriguing, like an unexpected encounter with a molehill amidst a perfectly manicured garden. The insights gleaned from this study are not merely superficial, but they plunge deep into the fertile soil of behavioral and economic forces at play. After all, as the saying goes, "You can't buy happiness, but you can buy plants, which is pretty much the same thing." And it seems that the pursuit of psychological knowledge may have a hand in shaping the workforce that tends to Utah's green spaces – a phenomenon that we find both curious and captivating.
In addition to revealing this unexpected connection, our research also shines a spotlight on the significance of the statistical analyses, underscoring the robustness of this correlation. This finding echoes the sentiment that "In the garden of life, everything has its season," perhaps even the rise and fall of demand for groundskeepers in tandem with the growth of psychology degrees. This study, in all its unexpected splendor, serves as a testament to the harmonious interplay between academic pursuits and employment trends. It is a story that continues to blossom with each data point, much like the delicate petals of a flower opening to the morning sun.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of the data analysis reveal a strong and statistically significant correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the state of Utah from 2012 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9898450 indicates a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. This correlation suggests that as the number of psychology degrees awarded increased, so did the demand for groundskeepers, akin to the interconnectedness of roots and shoots in a thriving ecosystem.
As we mow-ve through the numbers, the r-squared value of 0.9797930 further reinforces the strength of this correlation, illustrating that approximately 97.98% of the variation in the employment of groundskeepers in Utah can be explained by the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology. This finding indicates a close-knit relationship comparable to the intertwining of ivy on a lattice, as the growth of one seems to nurture the growth of the other.
The p-value of less than 0.01 adds an exclamation point to this discovery, signifying the statistical significance of the correlation. It appears that the cultivation of psychological expertise may indeed be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah, much like tending to the weeds of uncertainty in the garden of academia.
In Fig. 1, the scatterplot visually captures the strong positive correlation between the variables, resembling a meticulously landscaped garden bed adorned with a vibrant array of flowers. This correlation sprouts from our data like a bright blossom amidst the sprawling greenery of statistical analyses, and it is a testament to the unexpected yet captivating relationship between minds and meadows.
In conclusion, our findings highlight the unexpected but undeniable association between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers in Utah. This correlation offers fertile soil for further exploration into the intertwined nature of academic disciplines and occupational trends, and it is our hope that this research has seeded curiosity and sparked new inquiries into the verdant intersection of psychology and employment dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has unearthed a remarkably robust correlation between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in Utah. It seems that as the interest in unraveling the complexities of the human psyche blossoms, so does the demand for maintaining the picturesque landscapes that grace Utah's terrain. One could say that the minds of psychology graduates are, quite literally, "cultivating" employment opportunities for groundskeepers across the state.

Our findings reinforce the notion that the pursuit of knowledge in psychology may have a hand in shaping the workforce responsible for nurturing Utah's green spaces. It's as if the study of thought processes and behavior has, in its own way, sown the seeds for a flourishing industry of landscape care. It appears that the employment dynamics in Utah are truly rooted in the unexpected soil of academic pursuits, and this correlation has sprouted a new dimension of understanding the interconnectedness of diverse fields of study.

It is our hope that this research has planted the seeds of curiosity for further exploration into the verdant intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, no more research is needed in this area. It’s time to leaf this topic alone.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Unconventional Associations

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for the Advancement of Peculiar Cross-Disciplinary Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah with an abstract of The present study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology and the employment of groundskeepers in the picturesque state of Utah. Drawing upon data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, our research team weeded through the numbers to uncover a correlation coefficient of 0.9898450, indicating a remarkably robust association between these seemingly disparate variables. It appears that as the number of psychology degrees blooms, the demand for groundskeepers flourishes in parallel.
In our quest to unravel this enigma, we unearthed a fertile ground for puns and wordplay, and we mow present our findings with a dash of humor. It seems that the cultivation of psychological expertise may be linked to the cultivation of lawns and landscapes in the scenic horticultural setting of Utah.
Furthermore, the statistical analyses revealed a p-value of less than 0.01, underscoring the significance of this correlation. This relationship, though rooted in unexpected soil, offers insight into the behavioral and economic forces at play. As the saying goes, "Psychology majors have a lawn way to go in shaping the workforce!"
In conclusion, our research sheds light on a verdant connection between academic pursuits in psychology and the labor market for groundskeepers. We hope this study sows the seeds for further exploration into the uncultivated intersection of academic disciplines and occupational trends. After all, there's no denying the grass-roots impact of psychology on Utah's flourishing groundskeeping industry.

ChatGPT:

psychology degrees, employment of groundskeepers, Utah, correlation coefficient, National Center for Education Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, statistical analyses, lawns, landscapes, behavioral forces, economic forces, academic pursuits, occupational trends, labor market, academic disciplines, grass-roots impact

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology
Detailed data title: Bachelor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, in field of study: Psychology
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology

The number of groundskeepers in Utah
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of landscaping and groundskeeping workers in Utah
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of groundskeepers in Utah

Correlation r = 0.9898450 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9797930 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 98% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of groundskeepers in Utah) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology) over the 10 years from 2012 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 4.6E-8.^Show 0.0000000459624733168051060000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.99 in 4.6E-6% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 21,756,880 random variables^Note You don't actually need 21 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.96, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology (Degrees awarded)	109099	114446	117312	117573	117447	116859	116436	116550	119989	126944
The number of groundskeepers in Utah (Laborers)	8070	9200	9900	9800	9640	9450	9510	9510	9990	11400

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([109099,114446,117312,117573,117447,116859,116436,116550,119989,126944,])
array_2 = np.array([8070,9200,9900,9800,9640,9450,9510,9510,9990,11400,])
array_1_name = "Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology"
array_2_name = "The number of groundskeepers in Utah"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Bachelor's degrees awarded in Psychology
Line chart for only The number of groundskeepers in Utah
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Minds Over Matter: The Psych-ing Connection Between Bachelor's Degrees in Psychology and Groundskeepers in Utah

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Correlation ID: 1781 · Black Variable ID: 1290 · Red Variable ID: 15091


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