Spurious correlation #1,707 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Theodore and the second variable is Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. The chart goes from 1984 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Theodore and the second variable is Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. The chart goes from 1984 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of people named Theodore rose, so did the collective brain power devoted to unraveling the earth's geothermal energy potential. It's as if each Theodore brought a tiny spark of geothermal genius to the table, leading to groundbreaking advancements in harnessing the Earth's natural heat in Turkiye. This sudden influx of 'Theodore'-induced geothermal expertise has truly heated up the geothermal power industry in Turkiye, proving that when it comes to renewable energy, it's not just hot air - it's Theodore power!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image of a vibrant city in Turkiye, where a towering skyscraper proudly displays the name "Theodore" in bold letters. In the background, geothermal power plants are visible, with steam rising from the turbines and the city skyline. The bustling streets are filled with diverse activities, featuring signage, architecture, and people resonating with the popularity of the name Theodore and the widespread use of geothermal power. The scene should capture the energy and innovation of the city, with a focus on the convergence of urban life and sustainable technology. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Glitch art inspired by bauhaus Cyberpunk Realistic Data cyber art
ChatGPT: Realistic

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A bustling city in Turkiye with the name Theodore displayed on a towering building. In the background, geothermal power plants are producing clean energy, with steam rising and turbines spinning. People in the city are engaged in various activities, showcasing the popularity of the name Theodore and the use of geothermal power in the region.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Realistic ] and depicting this scene: A bustling city in Turkiye with the name Theodore displayed on a towering building. In the background, geothermal power plants are producing clean energy, with steam rising and turbines spinning. People in the city are engaged in various activities, showcasing the popularity of the name Theodore and the use of geothermal power in the region. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image of a vibrant city in Turkiye, where a towering skyscraper proudly displays the name "Theodore" in bold letters. In the background, geothermal power plants are visible, with steam rising from the turbines and the city skyline. The bustling streets are filled with diverse activities, featuring signage, architecture, and people resonating with the popularity of the name Theodore and the widespread use of geothermal power. The scene should capture the energy and innovation of the city, with a focus on the convergence of urban life and sustainable technology.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Theodore caused Geothermal power generated in Turkiye to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

The Journal of Humorous Research Findings

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then you might move on to cartoons and children's shows that you watched for research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the amusingly incongruous relationship between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the Energy Information Administration, we employed a rigorous statistical analysis to investigate this peculiar connection. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 1984 to 2021, highlighting the surprising synchrony between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Through this tongue-in-cheek investigation, we strive to uncover the whimsical and whimsy lurking within the seemingly mundane realms of nomenclature and energy production.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The etymology of names has long been a subject of fascination and curiosity. While some may dismiss the significance of a name as mere happenstance, others have sought to discern hidden meanings and connections within nomenclature. Similarly, the energy industry has seen its fair share of intrigue and speculation, with a constant quest for new sources of power and renewable energy. It is in this intersection of naming conventions and energy exploration that we embark on our comical quest to unravel the correlation between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in the vibrant land of Turkiye.
Turkiye, with its rich historical tapestry and diverse geographic features, serves as an intriguing backdrop for our investigation. The country's geothermal potential has not gone unnoticed, with a burgeoning industry harnessing the earth's natural heat to power homes and businesses. Amidst this backdrop of thermal energy, the popularity of the first name Theodore has waxed and waned across different eras, eliciting curiosity as to whether there exists an amiable link between these seemingly disparate entities.
Theodore, a name derived from the Greek words "theos" and "dōron," translating to "gift of God," has journeyed through epochs of varying favorability. From the genteel Theodores of centuries past to the endearing Theos and Teddys of contemporary times, this name has persisted through the annals of history. Meanwhile, geothermal energy, with its undercurrent of subterranean warmth, has bubbled to the surface as a viable renewable energy source, capturing the imagination of scientists and innovators alike.
In this mirthful pursuit, we endeavor to shed light on the synchronicities and schisms between the ebbs and flows of name popularity and geothermal energy production. Through a rigorous analysis of data spanning several decades, we aim to illuminate the surprising interconnectedness that underlies the seemingly whimsical alliance of Theodore and thermodynamic trends in Turkiye. Our tongue-in-cheek investigation strives to showcase the delightful absurdity that can be found in the most unexpected places, reminding us that there may be more than meets the eye in the world of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In the realm of nomenclature analysis, Smith et al. (2015) uncover the socio-cultural implications of first names through their study, "The Power of a Name." According to their findings, names hold significant sway in shaping individuals' identities and perceptions, inadvertently influencing societal trends. Conversely, Doe and Jones (2018) delve into the linguistic nuances of names in "The Art of Naming," revealing the intricate web of associations and connotations tied to specific appellations.

Turning to the domain of thermal energy dynamics, Book (2008) gleans insights into geothermal potential in "Harnessing Earth's Heat," elucidating the practical applications of harnessing subterranean warmth. Furthermore, Book (2011) highlights the technological advancements in geothermal energy systems in "Innovations in Geothermal Power," shedding light on the evolution of this sustainable energy source.

As we venture into the realm of fictional literature, the resemblance between the name Theodore and geothermal power beckons comparisons to the characters Theodore Lawrence from Louisa May Alcott's "Little Women" and the animated persona Theodore "Theo" the Chipmunk from "Alvin and the Chipmunks." The juxtaposition of these literary and animated figures with the geothermal landscape adds a delightful layer of whimsy to our investigation, prompting an exploration of the underlying link between fictional namesakes and tangible energy phenomena.

Akin to the intrepid explorations of literary realms, our scholarly odyssey draws inspiration from the animated panorama of children's television. The animated series "Theodore Tugboat," featuring the titular character navigating the bustling seaport of Halifax, imparts a jovial perspective on nautical adventures. Intriguingly, this animated depiction of Theodore embodies a resilient and enterprising spirit, offering a light-hearted parallel to the tenacity and resilience exhibited by geothermal power in the face of conventional energy paradigms.

In this comedic foray into the interplay between nomenclature and energy dynamics, we embark on a lighthearted romp through the surprising synergies and jesting juxtapositions that underpin the realms of names and thermal energy. Through this tongue-in-cheek exploration, we aim to uncover the veiled whimsy that lies beneath the ostensibly serious landscapes of nomenclature and power generation, propelling us towards a jovial reimagining of the interconnectedness between the name Theodore and geothermal phenomena in Turkiye.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1984 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the amusingly incongruous relationship between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the Energy Information Administration, we employed a rigorous statistical analysis to investigate this peculiar connection. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 1984 to 2021, highlighting the surprising synchrony between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Through this tongue-in-cheek investigation, we strive to uncover the whimsical and whimsy lurking within the seemingly mundane realms of nomenclature and energy production.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The etymology of names has long been a subject of fascination and curiosity. While some may dismiss the significance of a name as mere happenstance, others have sought to discern hidden meanings and connections within nomenclature. Similarly, the energy industry has seen its fair share of intrigue and speculation, with a constant quest for new sources of power and renewable energy. It is in this intersection of naming conventions and energy exploration that we embark on our comical quest to unravel the correlation between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in the vibrant land of Turkiye.
Turkiye, with its rich historical tapestry and diverse geographic features, serves as an intriguing backdrop for our investigation. The country's geothermal potential has not gone unnoticed, with a burgeoning industry harnessing the earth's natural heat to power homes and businesses. Amidst this backdrop of thermal energy, the popularity of the first name Theodore has waxed and waned across different eras, eliciting curiosity as to whether there exists an amiable link between these seemingly disparate entities.
Theodore, a name derived from the Greek words "theos" and "dōron," translating to "gift of God," has journeyed through epochs of varying favorability. From the genteel Theodores of centuries past to the endearing Theos and Teddys of contemporary times, this name has persisted through the annals of history. Meanwhile, geothermal energy, with its undercurrent of subterranean warmth, has bubbled to the surface as a viable renewable energy source, capturing the imagination of scientists and innovators alike.
In this mirthful pursuit, we endeavor to shed light on the synchronicities and schisms between the ebbs and flows of name popularity and geothermal energy production. Through a rigorous analysis of data spanning several decades, we aim to illuminate the surprising interconnectedness that underlies the seemingly whimsical alliance of Theodore and thermodynamic trends in Turkiye. Our tongue-in-cheek investigation strives to showcase the delightful absurdity that can be found in the most unexpected places, reminding us that there may be more than meets the eye in the world of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The methodology employed in this investigation involved the assembly and analysis of data from multiple sources, employing a rigorous, yet lighthearted approach.

Firstly, data on the popularity of the first name Theodore was obtained from the US Social Security Administration's records spanning the years 1984 to 2021. The frequency of occurrences of the name was meticulously tabulated, incorporating variations such as Theodore, Theo, and Teddy to ensure a comprehensive analysis of its whimsical ubiquity.

Simultaneously, geothermal power generation data in Turkiye was acquired from the Energy Information Administration, encompassing the same timeframe. The kilowatt-hours of electricity produced through the utilization of geothermal heat were painstakingly collated, illuminating the thermal underpinnings of our spirited inquiry.

Statistical analyses were then conducted to scrutinize the intertwining trajectories of name popularity and geothermal power production, employing Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression models. The comical correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 emerged from this analysis, reflecting the mirthful synchronicity observed between these seemingly dissimilar entities. Additionally, a p-value of less than 0.01 underscored the statistical robustness of this unexpected alliance, prompting further humor-laden inquiry into the underlying mechanisms at play.

Furthermore, a multivariate analysis was undertaken to account for potential confounding variables, such as climate fluctuations and societal naming conventions. This facet of the research sought to untangle the convoluted web of factors influencing the fascinating entwinement of Theodore and thermodynamic trends in Turkiye, all the while embracing the whimsical nature of our investigative pursuits.

In essence, the methodology encapsulated a blend of precision and levity, mirroring the captivating lightheartedness inherent in the curiously comical correlation between nomenclature and geothermal dynamics.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1984 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9973233, r-squared of 0.9946537, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the amusingly incongruous relationship between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the Energy Information Administration, we employed a rigorous statistical analysis to investigate this peculiar connection. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 1984 to 2021, highlighting the surprising synchrony between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Through this tongue-in-cheek investigation, we strive to uncover the whimsical and whimsy lurking within the seemingly mundane realms of nomenclature and energy production.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The etymology of names has long been a subject of fascination and curiosity. While some may dismiss the significance of a name as mere happenstance, others have sought to discern hidden meanings and connections within nomenclature. Similarly, the energy industry has seen its fair share of intrigue and speculation, with a constant quest for new sources of power and renewable energy. It is in this intersection of naming conventions and energy exploration that we embark on our comical quest to unravel the correlation between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in the vibrant land of Turkiye.
Turkiye, with its rich historical tapestry and diverse geographic features, serves as an intriguing backdrop for our investigation. The country's geothermal potential has not gone unnoticed, with a burgeoning industry harnessing the earth's natural heat to power homes and businesses. Amidst this backdrop of thermal energy, the popularity of the first name Theodore has waxed and waned across different eras, eliciting curiosity as to whether there exists an amiable link between these seemingly disparate entities.
Theodore, a name derived from the Greek words "theos" and "dōron," translating to "gift of God," has journeyed through epochs of varying favorability. From the genteel Theodores of centuries past to the endearing Theos and Teddys of contemporary times, this name has persisted through the annals of history. Meanwhile, geothermal energy, with its undercurrent of subterranean warmth, has bubbled to the surface as a viable renewable energy source, capturing the imagination of scientists and innovators alike.
In this mirthful pursuit, we endeavor to shed light on the synchronicities and schisms between the ebbs and flows of name popularity and geothermal energy production. Through a rigorous analysis of data spanning several decades, we aim to illuminate the surprising interconnectedness that underlies the seemingly whimsical alliance of Theodore and thermodynamic trends in Turkiye. Our tongue-in-cheek investigation strives to showcase the delightful absurdity that can be found in the most unexpected places, reminding us that there may be more than meets the eye in the world of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The statistical analysis of the data collected revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly incongruous variables. The r-squared value of 0.9946537 further corroborates the strength of this association, suggesting that approximately 99.47% of the variance in geothermal power generation can be explained by the popularity of the name Theodore.

Notably, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation is unlikely to be a mere fluke. This supports the assertion that there exists a genuine, albeit whimsical, connection between the ebb and flow of Theodore's popularity and the geothermal energy landscape in Turkiye.

Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced correlation between the first name Theodore and geothermal power generation in Turkiye, visually encapsulating the surprising synchrony between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. The scatterplot reinforces the substantial relationship observed in the statistical analysis and serves as a whimsical visual testament to the comical correlation explored in this study.

In sum, our research unearths the delightful absurdity underlying the seemingly whimsical partnership between the name Theodore and the thermodynamic trends in Turkiye, shedding light on the unexpected facets of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the amusingly incongruous relationship between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the Energy Information Administration, we employed a rigorous statistical analysis to investigate this peculiar connection. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 1984 to 2021, highlighting the surprising synchrony between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Through this tongue-in-cheek investigation, we strive to uncover the whimsical and whimsy lurking within the seemingly mundane realms of nomenclature and energy production.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In the realm of nomenclature analysis, Smith et al. (2015) uncover the socio-cultural implications of first names through their study, "The Power of a Name." According to their findings, names hold significant sway in shaping individuals' identities and perceptions, inadvertently influencing societal trends. Conversely, Doe and Jones (2018) delve into the linguistic nuances of names in "The Art of Naming," revealing the intricate web of associations and connotations tied to specific appellations.
Turning to the domain of thermal energy dynamics, Book (2008) gleans insights into geothermal potential in "Harnessing Earth's Heat," elucidating the practical applications of harnessing subterranean warmth. Furthermore, Book (2011) highlights the technological advancements in geothermal energy systems in "Innovations in Geothermal Power," shedding light on the evolution of this sustainable energy source.
As we venture into the realm of fictional literature, the resemblance between the name Theodore and geothermal power beckons comparisons to the characters Theodore Lawrence from Louisa May Alcott's "Little Women" and the animated persona Theodore "Theo" the Chipmunk from "Alvin and the Chipmunks." The juxtaposition of these literary and animated figures with the geothermal landscape adds a delightful layer of whimsy to our investigation, prompting an exploration of the underlying link between fictional namesakes and tangible energy phenomena.
Akin to the intrepid explorations of literary realms, our scholarly odyssey draws inspiration from the animated panorama of children's television. The animated series "Theodore Tugboat," featuring the titular character navigating the bustling seaport of Halifax, imparts a jovial perspective on nautical adventures. Intriguingly, this animated depiction of Theodore embodies a resilient and enterprising spirit, offering a light-hearted parallel to the tenacity and resilience exhibited by geothermal power in the face of conventional energy paradigms.
In this comedic foray into the interplay between nomenclature and energy dynamics, we embark on a lighthearted romp through the surprising synergies and jesting juxtapositions that underpin the realms of names and thermal energy. Through this tongue-in-cheek exploration, we aim to uncover the veiled whimsy that lies beneath the ostensibly serious landscapes of nomenclature and power generation, propelling us towards a jovial reimagining of the interconnectedness between the name Theodore and geothermal phenomena in Turkiye.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the data collected revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly incongruous variables. The r-squared value of 0.9946537 further corroborates the strength of this association, suggesting that approximately 99.47% of the variance in geothermal power generation can be explained by the popularity of the name Theodore.
Notably, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation is unlikely to be a mere fluke. This supports the assertion that there exists a genuine, albeit whimsical, connection between the ebb and flow of Theodore's popularity and the geothermal energy landscape in Turkiye.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced correlation between the first name Theodore and geothermal power generation in Turkiye, visually encapsulating the surprising synchrony between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. The scatterplot reinforces the substantial relationship observed in the statistical analysis and serves as a whimsical visual testament to the comical correlation explored in this study.
In sum, our research unearths the delightful absurdity underlying the seemingly whimsical partnership between the name Theodore and the thermodynamic trends in Turkiye, shedding light on the unexpected facets of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this study reveal a startlingly robust correlation between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye, aligning with the lighthearted speculations and disparate literary references unearthed in the literature review. The high correlation coefficient and low p-value lend credence to the surprising synchrony between these seemingly incongruous variables, validating the playful conjectures woven throughout this comical investigation.

Our results align with the work of Smith et al. (2015) and Doe and Jones (2018), highlighting the underappreciated influence of nomenclature on societal trends. Like the characters Theodore Lawrence and Theodore the Chipmunk, the name Theodore appears to exude an unseen gravitational pull, subtly shaping the energy landscape in Turkiye. Similarly, the buoyant resilience embodied by the animated persona of Theodore Tugboat finds an unexpected parallel in the tenacious presence of geothermal power amidst the conventional energy milieu.

Furthermore, our findings echo the insights gleaned by Book (2008, 2011) in the domain of geothermal energy dynamics, offering a whimsical twist to the practical applications and technological advancements in harnessing Earth's heat. Much like the playful escapades of Theodore Tugboat, geothermal power's steadfast presence in Turkiye's energy portfolio serves as a testament to the enduring interplay between nomenclature and energy dynamics.

In embracing this unconventional lens, our study traverses the uncharted territories of name-popularity dynamics and energy production, shedding light on the amusingly incongruous yet empirically supported correlation between Theodore and geothermal power in Turkiye. By demonstrating the lighthearted synchrony between nomenclature and energy dynamics, this study expands our understanding of the whimsical interconnections that underpin seemingly disparate realms, inviting a gleeful reimagining of the overlooked ties between moniker trends and thermodynamic landscapes.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Theodore and Geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper explores the amusingly incongruous relationship between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the Energy Information Administration, we employed a rigorous statistical analysis to investigate this peculiar connection. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 1984 to 2021, highlighting the surprising synchrony between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Through this tongue-in-cheek investigation, we strive to uncover the whimsical and whimsy lurking within the seemingly mundane realms of nomenclature and energy production.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The etymology of names has long been a subject of fascination and curiosity. While some may dismiss the significance of a name as mere happenstance, others have sought to discern hidden meanings and connections within nomenclature. Similarly, the energy industry has seen its fair share of intrigue and speculation, with a constant quest for new sources of power and renewable energy. It is in this intersection of naming conventions and energy exploration that we embark on our comical quest to unravel the correlation between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in the vibrant land of Turkiye.
Turkiye, with its rich historical tapestry and diverse geographic features, serves as an intriguing backdrop for our investigation. The country's geothermal potential has not gone unnoticed, with a burgeoning industry harnessing the earth's natural heat to power homes and businesses. Amidst this backdrop of thermal energy, the popularity of the first name Theodore has waxed and waned across different eras, eliciting curiosity as to whether there exists an amiable link between these seemingly disparate entities.
Theodore, a name derived from the Greek words "theos" and "dōron," translating to "gift of God," has journeyed through epochs of varying favorability. From the genteel Theodores of centuries past to the endearing Theos and Teddys of contemporary times, this name has persisted through the annals of history. Meanwhile, geothermal energy, with its undercurrent of subterranean warmth, has bubbled to the surface as a viable renewable energy source, capturing the imagination of scientists and innovators alike.
In this mirthful pursuit, we endeavor to shed light on the synchronicities and schisms between the ebbs and flows of name popularity and geothermal energy production. Through a rigorous analysis of data spanning several decades, we aim to illuminate the surprising interconnectedness that underlies the seemingly whimsical alliance of Theodore and thermodynamic trends in Turkiye. Our tongue-in-cheek investigation strives to showcase the delightful absurdity that can be found in the most unexpected places, reminding us that there may be more than meets the eye in the world of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the data collected revealed a strikingly high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly incongruous variables. The r-squared value of 0.9946537 further corroborates the strength of this association, suggesting that approximately 99.47% of the variance in geothermal power generation can be explained by the popularity of the name Theodore.
Notably, the p-value of less than 0.01 provides strong evidence against the null hypothesis, indicating that the observed correlation is unlikely to be a mere fluke. This supports the assertion that there exists a genuine, albeit whimsical, connection between the ebb and flow of Theodore's popularity and the geothermal energy landscape in Turkiye.
Figure 1 presents a scatterplot illustrating the pronounced correlation between the first name Theodore and geothermal power generation in Turkiye, visually encapsulating the surprising synchrony between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. The scatterplot reinforces the substantial relationship observed in the statistical analysis and serves as a whimsical visual testament to the comical correlation explored in this study.
In sum, our research unearths the delightful absurdity underlying the seemingly whimsical partnership between the name Theodore and the thermodynamic trends in Turkiye, shedding light on the unexpected facets of nomenclature and energy dynamics.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our whimsical investigation into the correlation between the popularity of the first name Theodore and geothermal power generated in Turkiye has yielded intriguing findings. The remarkably high correlation coefficient and the strikingly low p-value underscore the unexpected synchronicity between these ostensibly unrelated phenomena. The r-squared value further accentuates the robustness of this comical correlation, demonstrating that a sizable proportion of the variance in geothermal power generation can be attributed to the ebbs and flows of Theodore's popularity. Indeed, our tongue-in-cheek pursuit has shed light on the delightful absurdity that underlies the seemingly whimsical partnership between nomenclature and energy dynamics.

It is evident that the whims of name selection may harbor a quirky influence on the thermodynamic trends in Turkiye. While one may be tempted to dismiss this correlation as a mere fluke, the statistical evidence overwhelmingly supports the genuineness of this connection. As we reflect on the unexpected entwinement of Theodore and thermodynamic trends, one cannot help but marvel at the capricious nature of human nomenclature and its whispered influence on the subterranean warmth harnessed for power generation.

In light of these eccentric findings, it is evident that further examination of this comical correlation is unwarranted. The delightful absurdity that permeates this investigation serves as a whimsical reminder that the unexpected can often be found in the most inconspicuous places. Therefore, we assert with confidence that no further research is needed in this area, as the humorous essence of this correlation has been dutifully uncovered and revealed for mirthful contemplation.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Humorous Research Findings

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Irreverent Thermodynamic Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation with an abstract of This paper explores the amusingly incongruous relationship between the popularity of the first name Theodore and the geothermal power generated in Turkiye. Using data from the US Social Security Administration and the Energy Information Administration, we employed a rigorous statistical analysis to investigate this peculiar connection. Our findings revealed a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9973233 and a p-value of less than 0.01 for the years 1984 to 2021, highlighting the surprising synchrony between these seemingly unrelated phenomena. Through this tongue-in-cheek investigation, we strive to uncover the whimsical and whimsy lurking within the seemingly mundane realms of nomenclature and energy production.

ChatGPT:

Theodore, geothermal power, Turkiye, correlation, statistical analysis, Social Security Administration data, Energy Information Administration data, popularity trends, geothermal energy, first name trends, thermodynamic trends, comical correlation

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Popularity of the first name Theodore
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Theodore
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Theodore

Geothermal power generated in Turkiye
Detailed data title: Total geothermal power generated in Turkiye in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Geothermal power generated in Turkiye

Correlation r = 0.9973233 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.9946537 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 99.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Geothermal power generated in Turkiye) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Theodore) over the 38 years from 1984 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.^Show 0.0000000000000000000000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 1 in 0% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated
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inf random variables^Note
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You don't actually need
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INF variables to find a correlation like this one.
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I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.
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In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 37 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 37 because we have two variables measured over a period of 38 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.99, 1 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Popularity of the first name Theodore (Babies born)	1074	1227	1270	1228	1247	1292	1232	1096	1090	1036	939	956	905	956	983	913	934	935	975	964	1005	1095	1133	1137	1139	1239	1332	1573	1949	2428	3228	4153	4916	5966	7083	7899	8641	9589
Geothermal power generated in Turkiye (Billion kWh)	0.019	0.004	0.037	0.05	0.062	0.056	0.08	0.081	0.07	0.078	0.079	0.086	0.084	0.083	0.085	0.081	0.076	0.09	0.105	0.089	0.093	0.094	0.094	0.156	0.162	0.436	0.668	0.694	0.899	1.364	2.364	3.425	4.819	6.127	7.431	8.952	10.028	10.771

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Confounding variable: 2020 is particularly different from the other years on this graph. Confounding variables (like global pandemics) will cause two variables to look connected when in fact a "sneaky third" variable is influencing both of them behind the scenes.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1074,1227,1270,1228,1247,1292,1232,1096,1090,1036,939,956,905,956,983,913,934,935,975,964,1005,1095,1133,1137,1139,1239,1332,1573,1949,2428,3228,4153,4916,5966,7083,7899,8641,9589,])
array_2 = np.array([0.019,0.004,0.037,0.05,0.062,0.056,0.08,0.081,0.07,0.078,0.079,0.086,0.084,0.083,0.085,0.081,0.076,0.09,0.105,0.089,0.093,0.094,0.094,0.156,0.162,0.436,0.668,0.694,0.899,1.364,2.364,3.425,4.819,6.127,7.431,8.952,10.028,10.771,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Theodore"
array_2_name = "Geothermal power generated in Turkiye"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Theodore
Line chart for only Geothermal power generated in Turkiye
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Theodore, Thermo-dynamic Trends, and Turkiye: A Comical Correlation

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Correlation ID: 1707 · Black Variable ID: 2578 · Red Variable ID: 24046


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