Spurious correlation #1,607 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Uranus and Saturn and the second variable is UFO sightings in Texas. The chart goes from 1975 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The distance between Uranus and Saturn and the second variable is UFO sightings in Texas. The chart goes from 1975 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the interplanetary gap widened, Uranus and Saturn decided to play an intergalactic game of hide-and-seek. Their cosmic shenanigans inadvertently created a diversion for passing UFOs. With the planetary pair constantly changing positions, it was like the ultimate celestial game of peekaboo, attracting UFOs to witness this out-of-this-world spectacle in the skies of Texas.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate a striking image in the style of a Polaroid photo that depicts a clear night sky in Texas. In the vast open desert, a UFO hovers, casting an eerie glow over the landscape. In the far distance, Uranus and Saturn align in the sky, their distant glow adding to the mysterious atmosphere. The scene should be captivating and evoke a sense of wonder and otherworldliness. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: An image that looks like it is a scene from A Disney Movie a Polaroid photo Woodblock painting Cubism Hyper-realistic
ChatGPT: a Polaroid photo

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a clear night sky in Texas, a UFO hovers above the vast open desert. Meanwhile, in the far distance, Uranus and Saturn align in the sky, their distant glow adding to the mysterious atmosphere.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ a Polaroid photo ] and depicting this scene: In a clear night sky in Texas, a UFO hovers above the vast open desert. Meanwhile, in the far distance, Uranus and Saturn align in the sky, their distant glow adding to the mysterious atmosphere. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate a striking image in the style of a Polaroid photo that depicts a clear night sky in Texas. In the vast open desert, a UFO hovers, casting an eerie glow over the landscape. In the far distance, Uranus and Saturn align in the sky, their distant glow adding to the mysterious atmosphere. The scene should be captivating and evoke a sense of wonder and otherworldliness.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how increases in The distance between Uranus and Saturn positively influenced UFO sightings in Texas. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

The Journal of Extraterrestrial Phenomena Research

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the perplexing relationship between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. By harnessing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we aimed to demystify the underlying correlation. Our findings revealed a potent link between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State.

Upon rigorous analysis, the correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame emerged as a striking testament to the potential influence of these distant planets on earthly UFO activity. The significance level (p < 0.01) further corroborates the robustness of this relationship, surpassing the stringent threshold for statistical significance. It seems that when Uranus and Saturn align in the vast expanse of the cosmos, peculiar phenomena take flight in the skies of Texas.

Do you know why UFOs don't land in Texas? Because even the aliens know to stay away from that "Don't Mess with Texas" attitude! Our results open up new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration, inviting astrophysicists and ufologists alike to contemplate the cosmic forces at play behind these earthly enigmas.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The mysterious nature of UFO sightings has long captivated the public imagination, and the quest to unravel their origins continues to be an enigmatic pursuit. While popular culture often sensationalizes these phenomena, this study takes a systematic approach to investigate the potential influence of celestial bodies on the frequency of UFO sightings. Specifically, we focus on the intriguing connection between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the state of Texas.
As we delve into the cosmic dance of Uranus and Saturn and its potential impact on earthly observations, we cannot help but ponder the age-old question: "Why did the UFO refuse to visit the gas giants?" The answer, of course, lies in the planet's lack of atmosphere – not exactly conducive to a warm welcome!
Our examination of UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021, sourced from the National UFO Reporting Center, is complemented by precise astronomical calculations provided by Astropy. This rigorous approach allows us to explore correlations between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the reported UFO incidents with a level of scientific rigor befitting the cosmic conundrum at hand.
Astronomical enthusiasts and UFO aficionados alike may be intrigued to discover that our findings reveal a notable correlation between the distance separating these two distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State. However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation – much like how correlation between a high number of pirates and global warming does not mean that pirates are responsible for the rise in temperature!
Moving beyond the realms of jest, our study offers a compelling case for further exploration of the interplay between celestial dynamics and earthly phenomena. The emergence of a potent correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame underscores the significance of delving into the potential celestial influences on UFO sightings. The statistical significance of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, highlights the robustness of our findings, propelling us into a realm where the heavens and earthly mysteries converge.
In conclusion, as we embark on this journey to unmask the cosmic ballet of Uranus and Saturn and its potential link to UFO sightings in Texas, we invite the scientific community to join us in deciphering the cosmic riddles that continue to intrigue and perplex. After all, in the words of the great Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And perhaps, with our findings, that something may just be a celestial dance influencing earthly sightings of the unexplained.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The quest to comprehend the mysterious dance of celestial bodies and its potential ramifications on earthly phenomena has spurred a plethora of inquiries within both scientific and supernatural spheres. In "Astronomical Journal," Smith et al. delve into the complexities of planetary alignments and their potential effects on terrestrial observations, shedding light on the intricate interplay between the celestial and the earthly. Meanwhile, Doe and Jones, in "Journal of UFO Studies," scrutinize the dynamics of UFO sightings, laying the groundwork for our exploration into the enigmatic correlation between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas.

As we dive deeper into the celestial puzzle at hand, it is crucial to establish the theoretical underpinnings of our investigation. "Cosmic Connections: Planetary Alignments and Phenomena" by Stellar & Co. offers insights into the cosmic tapestry, providing a framework for understanding the potential influence of planetary distances on earthly events. Similarly, "The UFO Enigma: Unraveling Extraterrestrial Mysteries" by Phenomenon Explorers presents a comprehensive overview of UFO sightings and the diverse factors that may contribute to their occurrence, laying a foundation for our exploration of the celestial connection.

Venturing into the realm of fiction, "Uranus Unveiled: Secrets of the Seventh Planet" by Stella Novelist captivates readers with its imaginative portrayal of celestial intrigue, weaving a tale that echoes the cosmic enigma we seek to unravel. Furthermore, "Saturn's Secrets: A UFO Odyssey" by Cosmic Storyteller immerses enthusiasts in a speculative journey through the cosmos, evoking parallels to our investigation into the potential ties between planetary positions and UFO sightings.

In an unconventional turn, the researcher stumbled upon an unexpected source of insight in the form of discarded CVS receipts. Although seemingly unrelated to the topic at hand, these mundane remnants of consumer transactions inadvertently yielded a momentous revelation – a pattern of purchases indicative of recurring UFO-themed gatherings in the vicinity of the Texas-Louisiana border, suggestive of a subliminal celestial influence on earthly activities.

In summary, while the academic literature has laid a sturdy foundation for our exploration, it is the unexpected sources that often yield the most intriguing revelations – a sentiment that resonates with the bewitching nature of both the cosmos and the inexplicable phenomena that captivate our collective imagination.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and National UFO Reporting Center . You used data from 1975 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the perplexing relationship between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. By harnessing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we aimed to demystify the underlying correlation. Our findings revealed a potent link between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State.

Upon rigorous analysis, the correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame emerged as a striking testament to the potential influence of these distant planets on earthly UFO activity. The significance level (p < 0.01) further corroborates the robustness of this relationship, surpassing the stringent threshold for statistical significance. It seems that when Uranus and Saturn align in the vast expanse of the cosmos, peculiar phenomena take flight in the skies of Texas.

Do you know why UFOs don't land in Texas? Because even the aliens know to stay away from that "Don't Mess with Texas" attitude! Our results open up new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration, inviting astrophysicists and ufologists alike to contemplate the cosmic forces at play behind these earthly enigmas.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The mysterious nature of UFO sightings has long captivated the public imagination, and the quest to unravel their origins continues to be an enigmatic pursuit. While popular culture often sensationalizes these phenomena, this study takes a systematic approach to investigate the potential influence of celestial bodies on the frequency of UFO sightings. Specifically, we focus on the intriguing connection between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the state of Texas.
As we delve into the cosmic dance of Uranus and Saturn and its potential impact on earthly observations, we cannot help but ponder the age-old question: "Why did the UFO refuse to visit the gas giants?" The answer, of course, lies in the planet's lack of atmosphere – not exactly conducive to a warm welcome!
Our examination of UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021, sourced from the National UFO Reporting Center, is complemented by precise astronomical calculations provided by Astropy. This rigorous approach allows us to explore correlations between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the reported UFO incidents with a level of scientific rigor befitting the cosmic conundrum at hand.
Astronomical enthusiasts and UFO aficionados alike may be intrigued to discover that our findings reveal a notable correlation between the distance separating these two distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State. However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation – much like how correlation between a high number of pirates and global warming does not mean that pirates are responsible for the rise in temperature!
Moving beyond the realms of jest, our study offers a compelling case for further exploration of the interplay between celestial dynamics and earthly phenomena. The emergence of a potent correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame underscores the significance of delving into the potential celestial influences on UFO sightings. The statistical significance of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, highlights the robustness of our findings, propelling us into a realm where the heavens and earthly mysteries converge.
In conclusion, as we embark on this journey to unmask the cosmic ballet of Uranus and Saturn and its potential link to UFO sightings in Texas, we invite the scientific community to join us in deciphering the cosmic riddles that continue to intrigue and perplex. After all, in the words of the great Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And perhaps, with our findings, that something may just be a celestial dance influencing earthly sightings of the unexplained.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the celestial enigma surrounding the connection between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas, a rigorous methodology was employed. The data on UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021 was meticulously sourced from the National UFO Reporting Center, ensuring a comprehensive representation of reported incidents. The use of such data allowed for a thorough examination of the temporal patterns and spatial distribution of UFO sightings, providing a robust foundation for the subsequent analyses.

Astronomical calculations pertaining to the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn were conducted with the aid of Astropy, a powerful computational tool for astrophysical calculations. These calculations involved determining the distances between Uranus and Saturn throughout the specified time frame, accounting for the intricacies of celestial motion and planetary orbits. The precision of these calculations was paramount in capturing the dynamic interplay between the positions of these distant planets, setting the stage for uncovering potential correlations with UFO sightings in Texas.

In a lighthearted nod to the intricate dance of celestial bodies, we cannot help but jest: "Why did the UFO refuse to visit Uranus and Saturn? Because the gas giants were too busy with their own ring cycle – talk about a celestial traffic jam!"

The statistical analyses involved in this study were conducted with meticulous attention to detail. Correlation analyses were employed to explore potential links between the distances separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. Additionally, regression analyses were utilized to discern the nature and strength of any observed relationships, offering valuable insights into the potential predictive power of celestial dynamics in explaining earthly UFO phenomena.

As we delved into the statistical intricacies, the team couldn't resist a witty interjection: "Why do UFOs avoid Uranus? Because it's full of gas – making it a less-than-ideal rest stop for interstellar travelers!"

The rigorous statistical analyses were complemented by robust sensitivity tests and model validations to ensure the reliability and generalizability of the findings. Sensitivity analyses allowed for the exploration of potential outliers and influential cases, ensuring that the observed relationships were not unduly influenced by singular incidents or peculiarities. Model validations, including cross-validation techniques, were employed to ascertain the stability and robustness of the statistical models, mitigating concerns pertaining to overfitting and model misspecification.

In the spirit of a playful academic discourse, we couldn't resist adding a dash of humor: "Why don't UFOs visit Saturn? Because the majestic rings pose a navigation challenge – it's a real 'ring road' dilemma for extraterrestrial travelers!"

Furthermore, in a quest for comprehensive understanding, the team conducted subgroup analyses based on temporal and geographical dimensions, aiming to elucidate potential variations in the observed relationships. This encompassing approach shed light on the nuanced interplay between the celestial dynamics of Uranus and Saturn and the geographical patterns of UFO sightings in Texas, providing a rich tapestry of insights into this celestial conundrum.

The integration of astronomical calculations, statistical analyses, and comprehensive validations underpins the robustness and rigor of our study, setting the stage for demystifying the interstellar influences on terrestrial UFO sightings. As the cosmic dance of Uranus and Saturn unfolds, may this methodology guide future explorations into the intertwining realms of the celestial and the unexplained.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Caclculated using Astropy and National UFO Reporting Center .

For the time period 1975 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8736258, r-squared of 0.7632220, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the perplexing relationship between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. By harnessing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we aimed to demystify the underlying correlation. Our findings revealed a potent link between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State.

Upon rigorous analysis, the correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame emerged as a striking testament to the potential influence of these distant planets on earthly UFO activity. The significance level (p < 0.01) further corroborates the robustness of this relationship, surpassing the stringent threshold for statistical significance. It seems that when Uranus and Saturn align in the vast expanse of the cosmos, peculiar phenomena take flight in the skies of Texas.

Do you know why UFOs don't land in Texas? Because even the aliens know to stay away from that "Don't Mess with Texas" attitude! Our results open up new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration, inviting astrophysicists and ufologists alike to contemplate the cosmic forces at play behind these earthly enigmas.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The mysterious nature of UFO sightings has long captivated the public imagination, and the quest to unravel their origins continues to be an enigmatic pursuit. While popular culture often sensationalizes these phenomena, this study takes a systematic approach to investigate the potential influence of celestial bodies on the frequency of UFO sightings. Specifically, we focus on the intriguing connection between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the state of Texas.
As we delve into the cosmic dance of Uranus and Saturn and its potential impact on earthly observations, we cannot help but ponder the age-old question: "Why did the UFO refuse to visit the gas giants?" The answer, of course, lies in the planet's lack of atmosphere – not exactly conducive to a warm welcome!
Our examination of UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021, sourced from the National UFO Reporting Center, is complemented by precise astronomical calculations provided by Astropy. This rigorous approach allows us to explore correlations between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the reported UFO incidents with a level of scientific rigor befitting the cosmic conundrum at hand.
Astronomical enthusiasts and UFO aficionados alike may be intrigued to discover that our findings reveal a notable correlation between the distance separating these two distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State. However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation – much like how correlation between a high number of pirates and global warming does not mean that pirates are responsible for the rise in temperature!
Moving beyond the realms of jest, our study offers a compelling case for further exploration of the interplay between celestial dynamics and earthly phenomena. The emergence of a potent correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame underscores the significance of delving into the potential celestial influences on UFO sightings. The statistical significance of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, highlights the robustness of our findings, propelling us into a realm where the heavens and earthly mysteries converge.
In conclusion, as we embark on this journey to unmask the cosmic ballet of Uranus and Saturn and its potential link to UFO sightings in Texas, we invite the scientific community to join us in deciphering the cosmic riddles that continue to intrigue and perplex. After all, in the words of the great Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And perhaps, with our findings, that something may just be a celestial dance influencing earthly sightings of the unexplained.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data revealed a strong positive correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of reported UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 indicates a potent relationship between these celestial positions and the reported earthly phenomena. This correlation coefficient is nothing to be taken lightly, unlike a UFO on a joyride!

The r-squared value of 0.7632220 signifies that approximately 76.32% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the distance between Uranus and Saturn. This finding points towards a substantial degree of association between these celestial variables and the observed occurrences of unidentified flying objects over the Lone Star State. It seems that distant celestial bodies may indeed have a closer tie to earthly events than we previously imagined.

The statistical significance further strengthens the robustness of these results, with a p-value of less than 0.01. This indicates that the observed correlation is unlikely to have occurred purely by chance, adding weight to the potential influence of Uranus and Saturn's celestial positions on the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. Perhaps the extraterrestrial visitors find the Lone Star State to be quite the "hot spot" for their activities, if you'll pardon the astronomical pun!

The Scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the pronounced correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. The distinctive pattern portrayed in the scatterplot serves as a testament to the compelling relationship uncovered by our analysis.

This study sheds light on a previously unexplored connection between the celestial dance of Uranus and Saturn and the earthly sightings of unexplained phenomena. These results prompt us to reconsider the potential impact of celestial dynamics on earthly occurrences, prompting a re-evaluation of our understanding of the cosmos and its influence on our terrestrial experiences. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the universe, it is essential to remain open to the unexpected links that may emerge, much like a surprise encounter with a UFO itself!

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the perplexing relationship between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. By harnessing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we aimed to demystify the underlying correlation. Our findings revealed a potent link between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State.

Upon rigorous analysis, the correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame emerged as a striking testament to the potential influence of these distant planets on earthly UFO activity. The significance level (p < 0.01) further corroborates the robustness of this relationship, surpassing the stringent threshold for statistical significance. It seems that when Uranus and Saturn align in the vast expanse of the cosmos, peculiar phenomena take flight in the skies of Texas.

Do you know why UFOs don't land in Texas? Because even the aliens know to stay away from that "Don't Mess with Texas" attitude! Our results open up new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration, inviting astrophysicists and ufologists alike to contemplate the cosmic forces at play behind these earthly enigmas.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The quest to comprehend the mysterious dance of celestial bodies and its potential ramifications on earthly phenomena has spurred a plethora of inquiries within both scientific and supernatural spheres. In "Astronomical Journal," Smith et al. delve into the complexities of planetary alignments and their potential effects on terrestrial observations, shedding light on the intricate interplay between the celestial and the earthly. Meanwhile, Doe and Jones, in "Journal of UFO Studies," scrutinize the dynamics of UFO sightings, laying the groundwork for our exploration into the enigmatic correlation between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas.
As we dive deeper into the celestial puzzle at hand, it is crucial to establish the theoretical underpinnings of our investigation. "Cosmic Connections: Planetary Alignments and Phenomena" by Stellar & Co. offers insights into the cosmic tapestry, providing a framework for understanding the potential influence of planetary distances on earthly events. Similarly, "The UFO Enigma: Unraveling Extraterrestrial Mysteries" by Phenomenon Explorers presents a comprehensive overview of UFO sightings and the diverse factors that may contribute to their occurrence, laying a foundation for our exploration of the celestial connection.
Venturing into the realm of fiction, "Uranus Unveiled: Secrets of the Seventh Planet" by Stella Novelist captivates readers with its imaginative portrayal of celestial intrigue, weaving a tale that echoes the cosmic enigma we seek to unravel. Furthermore, "Saturn's Secrets: A UFO Odyssey" by Cosmic Storyteller immerses enthusiasts in a speculative journey through the cosmos, evoking parallels to our investigation into the potential ties between planetary positions and UFO sightings.
In an unconventional turn, the researcher stumbled upon an unexpected source of insight in the form of discarded CVS receipts. Although seemingly unrelated to the topic at hand, these mundane remnants of consumer transactions inadvertently yielded a momentous revelation – a pattern of purchases indicative of recurring UFO-themed gatherings in the vicinity of the Texas-Louisiana border, suggestive of a subliminal celestial influence on earthly activities.
In summary, while the academic literature has laid a sturdy foundation for our exploration, it is the unexpected sources that often yield the most intriguing revelations – a sentiment that resonates with the bewitching nature of both the cosmos and the inexplicable phenomena that captivate our collective imagination.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a strong positive correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of reported UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 indicates a potent relationship between these celestial positions and the reported earthly phenomena. This correlation coefficient is nothing to be taken lightly, unlike a UFO on a joyride!
The r-squared value of 0.7632220 signifies that approximately 76.32% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the distance between Uranus and Saturn. This finding points towards a substantial degree of association between these celestial variables and the observed occurrences of unidentified flying objects over the Lone Star State. It seems that distant celestial bodies may indeed have a closer tie to earthly events than we previously imagined.
The statistical significance further strengthens the robustness of these results, with a p-value of less than 0.01. This indicates that the observed correlation is unlikely to have occurred purely by chance, adding weight to the potential influence of Uranus and Saturn's celestial positions on the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. Perhaps the extraterrestrial visitors find the Lone Star State to be quite the "hot spot" for their activities, if you'll pardon the astronomical pun!
The Scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the pronounced correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. The distinctive pattern portrayed in the scatterplot serves as a testament to the compelling relationship uncovered by our analysis.
This study sheds light on a previously unexplored connection between the celestial dance of Uranus and Saturn and the earthly sightings of unexplained phenomena. These results prompt us to reconsider the potential impact of celestial dynamics on earthly occurrences, prompting a re-evaluation of our understanding of the cosmos and its influence on our terrestrial experiences. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the universe, it is essential to remain open to the unexpected links that may emerge, much like a surprise encounter with a UFO itself!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this study lend credence to the notion that the position of Uranus and Saturn may indeed be linked to the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. Our results reinforce earlier research by Smith et al. and Doe and Jones, as well as the speculative insights offered by Stella Novelist and Cosmic Storyteller, regarding the potential interplay between celestial dynamics and earthly phenomena. The unexpectedly insightful connections observed in discarded CVS receipts near the Texas-Louisiana border also find resonance in our findings, underscoring the enigmatic and multifaceted nature of this celestial puzzle.

The substantial correlation coefficient of 0.8736258, along with the high r-squared value of 0.7632220, suggests a robust relationship between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the reported UFO sightings in Texas. These statistics provide compelling evidence for the influence of celestial forces on earthly sightings, underscoring the potential significance of interplanetary alignments on earthly occurrences. Much like the celestial bodies themselves, the link between Uranus, Saturn, and UFO sightings seems to be written in the stars!

The statistical significance of the observed correlation, with a p-value of less than 0.01, further bolsters the validity of the findings. This not only underscores the stringent level of confidence in the relationship revealed by our analysis but also elevates the potential impact of celestial dynamics on the occurrences of earthly phenomena. It's almost as if the celestial bodies are signaling to us, "Houston, we have a correlation!"

The scatterplot visually encapsulates the compelling relationship between the distances of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas, serving as a graphical testament to the inexplicable celestial connection uncovered by our study. This graphical representation echoes the enigmatic allure of the cosmic dance and the eccentric patterns it weaves across the expanse of the universe.

In conclusion, our study offers compelling evidence of a nuanced link between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. These findings shed light on the potential influence of celestial dynamics on earthly phenomena, inviting further contemplation on the enigmatic interplay between the celestial and the terrestrial. As we continue to probe the mysteries of the cosmos, it is imperative to remain receptive to the unexpected connections that may emerge – much like the surprise encounter with a UFO in the night sky.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The distance between Uranus and Saturn and UFO sightings in Texas. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

[[ABSTRACT]]
This research delves into the perplexing relationship between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. By harnessing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we aimed to demystify the underlying correlation. Our findings revealed a potent link between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State.

Upon rigorous analysis, the correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame emerged as a striking testament to the potential influence of these distant planets on earthly UFO activity. The significance level (p < 0.01) further corroborates the robustness of this relationship, surpassing the stringent threshold for statistical significance. It seems that when Uranus and Saturn align in the vast expanse of the cosmos, peculiar phenomena take flight in the skies of Texas.

Do you know why UFOs don't land in Texas? Because even the aliens know to stay away from that "Don't Mess with Texas" attitude! Our results open up new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration, inviting astrophysicists and ufologists alike to contemplate the cosmic forces at play behind these earthly enigmas.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The mysterious nature of UFO sightings has long captivated the public imagination, and the quest to unravel their origins continues to be an enigmatic pursuit. While popular culture often sensationalizes these phenomena, this study takes a systematic approach to investigate the potential influence of celestial bodies on the frequency of UFO sightings. Specifically, we focus on the intriguing connection between the positions of Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the state of Texas.
As we delve into the cosmic dance of Uranus and Saturn and its potential impact on earthly observations, we cannot help but ponder the age-old question: "Why did the UFO refuse to visit the gas giants?" The answer, of course, lies in the planet's lack of atmosphere – not exactly conducive to a warm welcome!
Our examination of UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021, sourced from the National UFO Reporting Center, is complemented by precise astronomical calculations provided by Astropy. This rigorous approach allows us to explore correlations between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the reported UFO incidents with a level of scientific rigor befitting the cosmic conundrum at hand.
Astronomical enthusiasts and UFO aficionados alike may be intrigued to discover that our findings reveal a notable correlation between the distance separating these two distant planets and the frequency of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State. However, it is important to note that correlation does not imply causation – much like how correlation between a high number of pirates and global warming does not mean that pirates are responsible for the rise in temperature!
Moving beyond the realms of jest, our study offers a compelling case for further exploration of the interplay between celestial dynamics and earthly phenomena. The emergence of a potent correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame underscores the significance of delving into the potential celestial influences on UFO sightings. The statistical significance of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, highlights the robustness of our findings, propelling us into a realm where the heavens and earthly mysteries converge.
In conclusion, as we embark on this journey to unmask the cosmic ballet of Uranus and Saturn and its potential link to UFO sightings in Texas, we invite the scientific community to join us in deciphering the cosmic riddles that continue to intrigue and perplex. After all, in the words of the great Carl Sagan, "Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known." And perhaps, with our findings, that something may just be a celestial dance influencing earthly sightings of the unexplained.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a strong positive correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of reported UFO sightings in Texas from 1975 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 indicates a potent relationship between these celestial positions and the reported earthly phenomena. This correlation coefficient is nothing to be taken lightly, unlike a UFO on a joyride!
The r-squared value of 0.7632220 signifies that approximately 76.32% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the distance between Uranus and Saturn. This finding points towards a substantial degree of association between these celestial variables and the observed occurrences of unidentified flying objects over the Lone Star State. It seems that distant celestial bodies may indeed have a closer tie to earthly events than we previously imagined.
The statistical significance further strengthens the robustness of these results, with a p-value of less than 0.01. This indicates that the observed correlation is unlikely to have occurred purely by chance, adding weight to the potential influence of Uranus and Saturn's celestial positions on the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. Perhaps the extraterrestrial visitors find the Lone Star State to be quite the "hot spot" for their activities, if you'll pardon the astronomical pun!
The Scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the pronounced correlation between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in Texas. The distinctive pattern portrayed in the scatterplot serves as a testament to the compelling relationship uncovered by our analysis.
This study sheds light on a previously unexplored connection between the celestial dance of Uranus and Saturn and the earthly sightings of unexplained phenomena. These results prompt us to reconsider the potential impact of celestial dynamics on earthly occurrences, prompting a re-evaluation of our understanding of the cosmos and its influence on our terrestrial experiences. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the universe, it is essential to remain open to the unexpected links that may emerge, much like a surprise encounter with a UFO itself!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, the findings of this study offer compelling evidence of a potent correlation between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. The pronounced correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 underscores the potential influence of these distant planets on the earthly phenomenon of unidentified flying objects. It's as if the planets are saying, "Uranus and Saturn may be distant, but their impact is definitely down-to-earth!"

The statistical significance of this relationship, with a p-value of less than 0.01, further underscores the robustness of our findings. It seems that these celestial giants have an undeniable sway over the peculiar activities gracing the Texan skies. One might even say they're stellar influencers in their own right!

The results of this research invite astrophysicists and ufologists to consider the cosmic forces at play behind these enigmatic occurrences. After all, nothing brings researchers together quite like the allure of cosmic conspiracies and celestial correlations. It's a celestial mystery that's truly out of this world!

It is the firm assertion of this research that further exploration into the celestial dance of Uranus and Saturn and its potential link to UFO sightings in Texas would yield diminishing returns. The evidence of the connection has been firmly established, and any subsequent studies in this area would likely encounter the law of diminishing astronomical returns. Therefore, it is the resounding recommendation of this research that no additional investigations are warranted in this domain. After all, some mysteries are best left to the cosmos to unravel.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Extraterrestrial Phenomena Research

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Planetary Anomalies Research and Investigation (IPARI)

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas with an abstract of This research delves into the perplexing relationship between the celestial positions of Uranus and Saturn and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of Texas from 1975 to 2021. By harnessing data from the National UFO Reporting Center and utilizing astronomical calculations courtesy of Astropy, we aimed to demystify the underlying correlation. Our findings revealed a potent link between the distance separating Uranus and Saturn and the incidence of UFO sightings in the Lone Star State.
Upon rigorous analysis, the correlation coefficient of 0.8736258 for the specified time frame emerged as a striking testament to the potential influence of these distant planets on earthly UFO activity. The significance level (p < 0.01) further corroborates the robustness of this relationship, surpassing the stringent threshold for statistical significance. It seems that when Uranus and Saturn align in the vast expanse of the cosmos, peculiar phenomena take flight in the skies of Texas.
Do you know why UFOs don't land in Texas? Because even the aliens know to stay away from that "Don't Mess with Texas" attitude! Our results open up new avenues for interdisciplinary exploration, inviting astrophysicists and ufologists alike to contemplate the cosmic forces at play behind these earthly enigmas.

ChatGPT:

Uranus, Saturn, UFO sightings, Texas, celestial connection, National UFO Reporting Center, Astropy, astronomical calculations, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, cosmic forces, astrophysicists, ufologists, enigmas

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

The distance between Uranus and Saturn
Detailed data title: The average distance between Uranus and Saturn as measured on the first day of each month
Source: Caclculated using Astropy
Additional Info: ^{See full details} I wrote a Python script using Astropy to calculate the distance between the named planets on the first day of each month for every year.

See what else correlates with The distance between Uranus and Saturn

UFO sightings in Texas
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in Texas
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in Texas

Correlation r = 0.8736258 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.7632220 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 76.3% of the change in the one variable (i.e., UFO sightings in Texas) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The distance between Uranus and Saturn) over the 47 years from 1975 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.1E-15.^Show 0.0000000000000011257743499607
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.87 in 1.1E-13% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 888,277,477,662,295 random variables^Note You don't actually need 888 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 46 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 46 because we have two variables measured over a period of 47 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.78, 0.93 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1975	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
The distance between Uranus and Saturn (Planetary distance (AU))	21.8994	20.7485	19.5426	18.2985	17.0347	15.7689	14.5282	13.336	12.2208	11.2163	10.3697	9.72886	9.34309	9.25106	9.46773	9.97784	10.744	11.721	12.8579	14.1138	15.4539	16.8508	18.2714	19.6922	21.0895	22.4424	23.7228	24.9111	25.9888	26.942	27.7542	28.4186	28.9315	29.2926	29.503	29.5677	29.4929	29.2849	28.9515	28.4998	27.9362	27.2649	26.4942	25.6278	24.6697	23.6217	22.4927
UFO sightings in Texas (UFO sightings)	21	17	16	23	14	16	6	8	10	14	17	13	16	14	13	15	16	18	19	13	32	38	72	96	142	137	131	161	179	191	204	219	203	350	248	217	253	256	233	293	174	149	123	81	206	263	98

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([21.8994,20.7485,19.5426,18.2985,17.0347,15.7689,14.5282,13.336,12.2208,11.2163,10.3697,9.72886,9.34309,9.25106,9.46773,9.97784,10.744,11.721,12.8579,14.1138,15.4539,16.8508,18.2714,19.6922,21.0895,22.4424,23.7228,24.9111,25.9888,26.942,27.7542,28.4186,28.9315,29.2926,29.503,29.5677,29.4929,29.2849,28.9515,28.4998,27.9362,27.2649,26.4942,25.6278,24.6697,23.6217,22.4927,])
array_2 = np.array([21,17,16,23,14,16,6,8,10,14,17,13,16,14,13,15,16,18,19,13,32,38,72,96,142,137,131,161,179,191,204,219,203,350,248,217,253,256,233,293,174,149,123,81,206,263,98,])
array_1_name = "The distance between Uranus and Saturn"
array_2_name = "UFO sightings in Texas"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only The distance between Uranus and Saturn
Line chart for only UFO sightings in Texas
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Unveiling the Celestial Connection: Uranus and Saturn's Ties to UFO Sightings in Texas

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Correlation ID: 1607 · Black Variable ID: 1966 · Red Variable ID: 1151


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