Spurious correlation #1,602 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and the second variable is Gasoline pumped in Niger. The chart goes from 1998 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and the second variable is Gasoline pumped in Niger. The chart goes from 1998 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released goes up, so does the production of Scooby Snacks. More Scooby Snacks means more energy for Mystery Machine, causing it to take more trips around the world, including to Niger. And as we all know, that van doesn't run on regular fuel, it runs on ruh-roh-gas.

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Sure, here's an enhanced image generation prompt that promotes visual richness and creativity: Generate an image in the style of Surrealism depicting a group of individuals in Niger pumping gasoline into their cars at a gas station. The scene should incorporate a dreamlike quality, with vibrant and contrasting colors. Additionally, one or more individuals in the group should be watching a Scooby Doo direct-to-video film on a portable screen, creating a whimsical and unexpected juxtaposition with the mundane act of refueling. The setting should exude a sense of otherworldliness and wonder, with elements that challenge traditional perceptions of reality. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A photo-realistic image Symbolism Surrealism Oragami Surrealism
ChatGPT: Surrealism

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger together. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A group of people in Niger pumping gasoline into their cars while watching a Scooby Doo direct-to-video film on a portable screen at the gas station.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Surrealism ] and depicting this scene: A group of people in Niger pumping gasoline into their cars while watching a Scooby Doo direct-to-video film on a portable screen at the gas station. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Sure, here's an enhanced image generation prompt that promotes visual richness and creativity: Generate an image in the style of Surrealism depicting a group of individuals in Niger pumping gasoline into their cars at a gas station. The scene should incorporate a dreamlike quality, with vibrant and contrasting colors. Additionally, one or more individuals in the group should be watching a Scooby Doo direct-to-video film on a portable screen, creating a whimsical and unexpected juxtaposition with the mundane act of refueling. The setting should exude a sense of otherworldliness and wonder, with elements that challenge traditional perceptions of reality.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released caused Gasoline pumped in Niger to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger

The Journal of Cartoon Causality

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a couple popular internet memes that are related to one of the topics.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Despite the seemingly unrelated subject matter, this study delves into the unexpected relationship between the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in the West African nation of Niger. Utilizing data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to uncover potential connections between these two peculiar variables.

Through rigorous statistical analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2021, we unearthed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.7722222 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. Though initially met with skepticism, our findings suggest a compelling relationship between the cultural production of the beloved animated canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger, raising questions about the deeper societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation.

This paper not only sheds light on this enigmatic association but also serves as a reminder that even the most unexpected pairings can unveil intriguing correlations, much like the unmasking of a cleverly disguised villain in a classic Scooby-Doo episode.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the realm of statistical analysis and empirical research, the pursuit of uncovering correlations between seemingly disparate variables is much like solving a mystery. One must carefully sift through data, follow the clues, and occasionally employ the scientific equivalent of Scooby snacks to keep the research team energized. So, it is with great enthusiasm and a dash of skepticism that we present our findings on the curious connection between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in dear Niger.
As researchers, we often find ourselves exploring the uncharted territories of knowledge, equipped with our trusty spreadsheets and a strong enthusiasm for discovering the unexpected. When the idea to investigate the potential link between Scooby-Doo and gasoline usage first surfaced, it was met with raised eyebrows and a fair share of chuckles. Nonetheless, with the spirit of scientific inquiry propelling us forward, we embarked on this peculiar scientific journey with the hopes of unearthing something delightfully uncanny.
This paper aims to unravel the mystery behind the baffling relationship between these two variables—a relationship that, at first glance, appears about as unlikely as discovering the Loch Ness Monster vacationing in the Sahara desert. Through a thorough examination of data spanning more than two decades, we delved into the world of animated mystery-solving, fuel consumption, and the intricate web of statistical analysis.
In doing so, we uncovered a correlation coefficient that was anything but spine-chillingly low, and a p-value that could rival the intrigue of any classic whodunit. Our findings not only defy conventional wisdom but also provide a levity that is often amiss in the austere world of research. It appears that, much like the layers of a well-crafted conspiracy, there may be more to the tale of Scooby-Doo and gasoline in Niger than meets the eye.
This study not only exemplifies the inherent curiosity of scientific inquiry but also showcases the unexpected revelations that can emerge from probing into the most unconventional of associations. Just as ghostly apparitions are eventually unveiled to be mere projections or illusions, our findings may serve to demystify the enigmatic relationship between cultural production and economic consumption.
So, dear reader, fasten your seatbelts, for we are about to embark on a journey that is as amusing as it is enlightening. As we shine a light on this perplexing correlation, we invite you to ponder the interconnectedness of the universe and, perhaps, indulge in a moment of scientific whimsy. After all, in the world of research, solving one mystery only leaves room for the pursuit of the next, much like any self-respecting meddling kid and their loyal Great Dane.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The quest to understand the perplexing correlation between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in Niger has led researchers down a path of unexpected discoveries and head-scratching revelations. While this peculiar pairing may appear as incongruous as a horse sipping tea with a kangaroo, a thorough review of the literature provides intriguing insights into the potential interplay between cultural phenomena and economic activities.

In "Mystery Incorporated: Investigating Unlikely Correlations," Smith et al. delve into the methodological challenges of uncovering statistically significant relationships between variables that, at first glance, seem wholly unrelated. Their findings underscore the importance of approaching unconventional research inquiries with a keen eye for hidden patterns and the occasional dose of skepticism. As our own investigation demonstrates, the pursuit of scientific truth often requires a willingness to venture into uncharted territories, much like a certain group of meddling adolescents and their canine companion.

Similarly, in "Economic Implications of Animated Canine Characters," Doe posits the notion that the cultural impact of beloved animated characters may extend far beyond the realm of entertainment and into the realm of economic behavior. While the connection between Scooby-Doo and gasoline consumption may initially prompt a wry smile or a quizzical furrowing of the brow, the study's findings hint at the potential for unexpected correlations to shed light on broader societal dynamics. Indeed, the economic repercussions of a cartoon hound's antics may prove to be more than meets the eye, much like the unmasking of an elaborate villain in a classic animated mystery.

Turning to more tangentially related sources, the works of renowned fiction authors also offer intriguing perspectives. In "The Great Gasoline Caper" by Agatha Christie, the master of the mystery genre himself, the notion of hidden motives and unsuspected connections takes center stage. While Christie's tales may not directly address Scooby-Doo's cinematic escapades, the underlying theme of unraveling intricate puzzles resonates with the spirit of our own investigation.

Likewise, the classic children's book "Scooby-Doo and the Case of the Phantom Pump Attendant" by Enid Blyton, while a purely fictional tale, underscores the enduring appeal of mystery-solving narratives and the unforeseen twists that can accompany seemingly innocuous plotlines. Blyton's work serves as a whimsical reminder that even in the realm of make-believe, the unexpected can hold sway—a notion equally applicable to the quirky correlation under scrutiny in our analysis.

Bringing some levity to the discourse, internet memes such as "Scooby-Doo Mystery Van Gas Mileage" and "Nigerien Gas-Guzzling Ghosts" have garnered attention and sparked lighthearted discussions about the intersection of pop culture and economic phenomena. While these memes may be more amusing than academically rigorous, they nonetheless highlight the public's fascination with the uncanny relationship between animated sleuths and the utilization of petroleum resources.

In the pursuit of untangling the enigmatic connection between Scooby-Doo and gasoline in Niger, the literature review not only provides a scholarly foundation for our investigation but also invites a moment of playful contemplation. It is a reminder that beneath the veneer of scholarly rigor, the spirit of inquiry can accommodate a dash of whimsy and a penchant for unexpected connections, much like the unveiling of a masked antagonist in a beloved animated series.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from IMDB and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1998 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Despite the seemingly unrelated subject matter, this study delves into the unexpected relationship between the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in the West African nation of Niger. Utilizing data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to uncover potential connections between these two peculiar variables.

Through rigorous statistical analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2021, we unearthed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.7722222 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. Though initially met with skepticism, our findings suggest a compelling relationship between the cultural production of the beloved animated canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger, raising questions about the deeper societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation.

This paper not only sheds light on this enigmatic association but also serves as a reminder that even the most unexpected pairings can unveil intriguing correlations, much like the unmasking of a cleverly disguised villain in a classic Scooby-Doo episode.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
In the realm of statistical analysis and empirical research, the pursuit of uncovering correlations between seemingly disparate variables is much like solving a mystery. One must carefully sift through data, follow the clues, and occasionally employ the scientific equivalent of Scooby snacks to keep the research team energized. So, it is with great enthusiasm and a dash of skepticism that we present our findings on the curious connection between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in dear Niger.
As researchers, we often find ourselves exploring the uncharted territories of knowledge, equipped with our trusty spreadsheets and a strong enthusiasm for discovering the unexpected. When the idea to investigate the potential link between Scooby-Doo and gasoline usage first surfaced, it was met with raised eyebrows and a fair share of chuckles. Nonetheless, with the spirit of scientific inquiry propelling us forward, we embarked on this peculiar scientific journey with the hopes of unearthing something delightfully uncanny.
This paper aims to unravel the mystery behind the baffling relationship between these two variables—a relationship that, at first glance, appears about as unlikely as discovering the Loch Ness Monster vacationing in the Sahara desert. Through a thorough examination of data spanning more than two decades, we delved into the world of animated mystery-solving, fuel consumption, and the intricate web of statistical analysis.
In doing so, we uncovered a correlation coefficient that was anything but spine-chillingly low, and a p-value that could rival the intrigue of any classic whodunit. Our findings not only defy conventional wisdom but also provide a levity that is often amiss in the austere world of research. It appears that, much like the layers of a well-crafted conspiracy, there may be more to the tale of Scooby-Doo and gasoline in Niger than meets the eye.
This study not only exemplifies the inherent curiosity of scientific inquiry but also showcases the unexpected revelations that can emerge from probing into the most unconventional of associations. Just as ghostly apparitions are eventually unveiled to be mere projections or illusions, our findings may serve to demystify the enigmatic relationship between cultural production and economic consumption.
So, dear reader, fasten your seatbelts, for we are about to embark on a journey that is as amusing as it is enlightening. As we shine a light on this perplexing correlation, we invite you to ponder the interconnectedness of the universe and, perhaps, indulge in a moment of scientific whimsy. After all, in the world of research, solving one mystery only leaves room for the pursuit of the next, much like any self-respecting meddling kid and their loyal Great Dane.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To scrutinize the purported connection between the volume of gasoline pumped in Niger and the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released, our research team navigated a convoluted maze of data collection and analysis. Our approach can be likened to a dogged detective following a trail of breadcrumbs, or in this case, data points, through the tangled world of statistics and filmography.

Data Collection:
We amassed information from a variety of sources, with a particular reliance on the venerable Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration. The IMDB provided a comprehensive record of every Scooby-Doo direct-to-video film released, while the Energy Information Administration bestowed upon us the holy grail of gasoline consumption in Niger. As we embarked on our data collection journey, we carefully skirted the perils of misinformation and erroneous data, akin to evading the traps set by a nefarious villain in a Scooby-Doo episode.

Variables and Timeframe:
Our investigation spanned the period from 1998 to 2021, encompassing an extensive timeline that witnessed the advent of 3D animation and the evolution of mystery-solving techniques. During this timeframe, we scrutinized the annual quantity of gasoline pumped in Niger and the corresponding count of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released. This comprehensive approach allowed us to capture the nuances of both variables, much like unraveling the layers of a particularly complex riddle.

Statistical Analysis:
With data in hand, we engaged in a rigorous statistical analysis resembling the unmasking of a deceptive antagonist. We computed a correlation coefficient using Pearson's correlation, revealing the degree of linear relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, we employed a two-tailed t-test to ascertain the statistical significance of the observed correlation, casting a discerning eye upon the p-value. These analyses served as our magnifying glass, enabling us to discern meaningful patterns amid the sea of numbers and celluloid mysteries.

Limitations:
While our research sought to shed light on this captivating correlation, certain limitations deserve acknowledgment. The nature of the data and the inherent complexities of societal and economic interactions imply that our findings do not imply causation, but rather uncover a curious association. Moreover, our reliance on existing data sources introduces the potential for underreporting or discrepancies, much like the tropes of unreliable witnesses in a detective novel.

In conclusion, our methodology strived to balance meticulous data collection with robust statistical techniques, reminiscent of Scooby-Doo and his gang pursuing a case with equal parts tenacity and frivolity. With these methods, we sought not only to unravel the enigma of this unlikely correlation but also to infuse the academic pursuit with a touch of whimsy and wonder. After all, in the grand scheme of research, every puzzle solved merely invites the pursuit of the next, much like the perpetually inquisitive nature of our beloved mystery-solving canine and his intrepid companions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from IMDB and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1998 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.7722222, r-squared of 0.5963271, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Despite the seemingly unrelated subject matter, this study delves into the unexpected relationship between the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in the West African nation of Niger. Utilizing data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to uncover potential connections between these two peculiar variables.

Through rigorous statistical analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2021, we unearthed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.7722222 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. Though initially met with skepticism, our findings suggest a compelling relationship between the cultural production of the beloved animated canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger, raising questions about the deeper societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation.

This paper not only sheds light on this enigmatic association but also serves as a reminder that even the most unexpected pairings can unveil intriguing correlations, much like the unmasking of a cleverly disguised villain in a classic Scooby-Doo episode.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
In the realm of statistical analysis and empirical research, the pursuit of uncovering correlations between seemingly disparate variables is much like solving a mystery. One must carefully sift through data, follow the clues, and occasionally employ the scientific equivalent of Scooby snacks to keep the research team energized. So, it is with great enthusiasm and a dash of skepticism that we present our findings on the curious connection between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in dear Niger.
As researchers, we often find ourselves exploring the uncharted territories of knowledge, equipped with our trusty spreadsheets and a strong enthusiasm for discovering the unexpected. When the idea to investigate the potential link between Scooby-Doo and gasoline usage first surfaced, it was met with raised eyebrows and a fair share of chuckles. Nonetheless, with the spirit of scientific inquiry propelling us forward, we embarked on this peculiar scientific journey with the hopes of unearthing something delightfully uncanny.
This paper aims to unravel the mystery behind the baffling relationship between these two variables—a relationship that, at first glance, appears about as unlikely as discovering the Loch Ness Monster vacationing in the Sahara desert. Through a thorough examination of data spanning more than two decades, we delved into the world of animated mystery-solving, fuel consumption, and the intricate web of statistical analysis.
In doing so, we uncovered a correlation coefficient that was anything but spine-chillingly low, and a p-value that could rival the intrigue of any classic whodunit. Our findings not only defy conventional wisdom but also provide a levity that is often amiss in the austere world of research. It appears that, much like the layers of a well-crafted conspiracy, there may be more to the tale of Scooby-Doo and gasoline in Niger than meets the eye.
This study not only exemplifies the inherent curiosity of scientific inquiry but also showcases the unexpected revelations that can emerge from probing into the most unconventional of associations. Just as ghostly apparitions are eventually unveiled to be mere projections or illusions, our findings may serve to demystify the enigmatic relationship between cultural production and economic consumption.
So, dear reader, fasten your seatbelts, for we are about to embark on a journey that is as amusing as it is enlightening. As we shine a light on this perplexing correlation, we invite you to ponder the interconnectedness of the universe and, perhaps, indulge in a moment of scientific whimsy. After all, in the world of research, solving one mystery only leaves room for the pursuit of the next, much like any self-respecting meddling kid and their loyal Great Dane.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]

ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The statistical analysis of the data pertaining to the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in Niger yielded intriguing results. Our research team, armed with calculators and an insatiable curiosity, discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7722222. This correlation coefficient suggests a strong positive relationship between the production of animated mystery adventures featuring the iconic Great Dane and the consumption of gasoline in the aforementioned West African nation.

Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.5963271 indicates that approximately 59.6% of the variability in gasoline usage in Niger can be explained by the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released. It is a reminder that despite the whimsical nature of the variables under investigation, statistical analysis can shed light on unexpected relationships that permeate the fabric of society and, in this case, the consumption patterns of gasoline in Niger.

Additionally, the small p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the variables. In layman's terms, the likelihood of this strong correlation occurring by chance is equivalent to stumbling upon a secret passage in a haunted mansion—remarkably improbable.

The figure (Fig. 1) included in this paper depicts a scatterplot that visually encapsulates the robust correlation between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the gasoline pumped in Niger. It's a reminder that even in the realm of empirical research, a picture is worth a thousand words, or in this case, a thousand "zoinks!".

In summary, the results of our analysis have unfurled an unexpected connection between popular animated content and a vital economic commodity in Niger. This finding not only underscores the whimsical aspects of empirical research but also serves as a testament to the far-reaching implications that can be discovered through the lens of statistical analysis. Just as solving a mystery often reveals new layers of intrigue, our correlation analysis has unveiled a compelling relationship that beckons further exploration and scrutiny.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Despite the seemingly unrelated subject matter, this study delves into the unexpected relationship between the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in the West African nation of Niger. Utilizing data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to uncover potential connections between these two peculiar variables.

Through rigorous statistical analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2021, we unearthed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.7722222 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. Though initially met with skepticism, our findings suggest a compelling relationship between the cultural production of the beloved animated canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger, raising questions about the deeper societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation.

This paper not only sheds light on this enigmatic association but also serves as a reminder that even the most unexpected pairings can unveil intriguing correlations, much like the unmasking of a cleverly disguised villain in a classic Scooby-Doo episode.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The quest to understand the perplexing correlation between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in Niger has led researchers down a path of unexpected discoveries and head-scratching revelations. While this peculiar pairing may appear as incongruous as a horse sipping tea with a kangaroo, a thorough review of the literature provides intriguing insights into the potential interplay between cultural phenomena and economic activities.
In "Mystery Incorporated: Investigating Unlikely Correlations," Smith et al. delve into the methodological challenges of uncovering statistically significant relationships between variables that, at first glance, seem wholly unrelated. Their findings underscore the importance of approaching unconventional research inquiries with a keen eye for hidden patterns and the occasional dose of skepticism. As our own investigation demonstrates, the pursuit of scientific truth often requires a willingness to venture into uncharted territories, much like a certain group of meddling adolescents and their canine companion.
Similarly, in "Economic Implications of Animated Canine Characters," Doe posits the notion that the cultural impact of beloved animated characters may extend far beyond the realm of entertainment and into the realm of economic behavior. While the connection between Scooby-Doo and gasoline consumption may initially prompt a wry smile or a quizzical furrowing of the brow, the study's findings hint at the potential for unexpected correlations to shed light on broader societal dynamics. Indeed, the economic repercussions of a cartoon hound's antics may prove to be more than meets the eye, much like the unmasking of an elaborate villain in a classic animated mystery.
Turning to more tangentially related sources, the works of renowned fiction authors also offer intriguing perspectives. In "The Great Gasoline Caper" by Agatha Christie, the master of the mystery genre himself, the notion of hidden motives and unsuspected connections takes center stage. While Christie's tales may not directly address Scooby-Doo's cinematic escapades, the underlying theme of unraveling intricate puzzles resonates with the spirit of our own investigation.
Likewise, the classic children's book "Scooby-Doo and the Case of the Phantom Pump Attendant" by Enid Blyton, while a purely fictional tale, underscores the enduring appeal of mystery-solving narratives and the unforeseen twists that can accompany seemingly innocuous plotlines. Blyton's work serves as a whimsical reminder that even in the realm of make-believe, the unexpected can hold sway—a notion equally applicable to the quirky correlation under scrutiny in our analysis.
Bringing some levity to the discourse, internet memes such as "Scooby-Doo Mystery Van Gas Mileage" and "Nigerien Gas-Guzzling Ghosts" have garnered attention and sparked lighthearted discussions about the intersection of pop culture and economic phenomena. While these memes may be more amusing than academically rigorous, they nonetheless highlight the public's fascination with the uncanny relationship between animated sleuths and the utilization of petroleum resources.
In the pursuit of untangling the enigmatic connection between Scooby-Doo and gasoline in Niger, the literature review not only provides a scholarly foundation for our investigation but also invites a moment of playful contemplation. It is a reminder that beneath the veneer of scholarly rigor, the spirit of inquiry can accommodate a dash of whimsy and a penchant for unexpected connections, much like the unveiling of a masked antagonist in a beloved animated series.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the data pertaining to the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in Niger yielded intriguing results. Our research team, armed with calculators and an insatiable curiosity, discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7722222. This correlation coefficient suggests a strong positive relationship between the production of animated mystery adventures featuring the iconic Great Dane and the consumption of gasoline in the aforementioned West African nation.
Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.5963271 indicates that approximately 59.6% of the variability in gasoline usage in Niger can be explained by the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released. It is a reminder that despite the whimsical nature of the variables under investigation, statistical analysis can shed light on unexpected relationships that permeate the fabric of society and, in this case, the consumption patterns of gasoline in Niger.
Additionally, the small p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the variables. In layman's terms, the likelihood of this strong correlation occurring by chance is equivalent to stumbling upon a secret passage in a haunted mansion—remarkably improbable.
The figure (Fig. 1) included in this paper depicts a scatterplot that visually encapsulates the robust correlation between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the gasoline pumped in Niger. It's a reminder that even in the realm of empirical research, a picture is worth a thousand words, or in this case, a thousand "zoinks!".
In summary, the results of our analysis have unfurled an unexpected connection between popular animated content and a vital economic commodity in Niger. This finding not only underscores the whimsical aspects of empirical research but also serves as a testament to the far-reaching implications that can be discovered through the lens of statistical analysis. Just as solving a mystery often reveals new layers of intrigue, our correlation analysis has unveiled a compelling relationship that beckons further exploration and scrutiny.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has unearthed a rather unexpected correlation between the cultural output of everyone's favorite crime-solving canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger. This remarkable finding adds a new dimension to the field of interdisciplinary research, demonstrating that even the most seemingly unrelated variables can reveal surprising connections, not unlike uncovering a hidden clue in a cryptic mystery.

Our results corroborate the earlier research that delved into unlikely correlations, such as the work by Smith et al., who highlighted the importance of maintaining a probing and inquisitive mindset when exploring seemingly unrelated variables. Much like the ever-curious Scooby and his gang, scientific inquiry requires a keen eye for hidden patterns and a willingness to dive into unconventional territories.

In a similar vein, the economic implications of beloved animated characters, as expounded by Doe, have found a peculiar embodiment in our study's findings. The unassuming cartoon hound has, quite unexpectedly, managed to leave pawprints in the realm of petrol consumption, echoing the potential for cultural phenomena to exert influence over economic behavior.

Our findings not only lift the veil on the quirky correlation between Scooby-Doo and gasoline consumption but also underscore the broader societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation—a notion akin to unmasking the elusive culprit in a complex whodunit.

Moreover, the statistical significance of our results, with a p-value of less than 0.01, defies the odds much like stumbling upon a hidden treasure in the vast expanse of a spooky old mansion - a remarkable feat that accentuates the robustness of the revealed correlation.

While our study may have ventured into uncharted and unexpected terrain, it has, nonetheless, unveiled a captivating relationship between a beloved animated character and a vital economic variable. As scientific inquiries continue to surprise us with their unexpected and intriguing findings, our study serves as a vibrant reminder of the captivating and offbeat avenues that research can traverse.

In essence, our research has bridged the realms of popular culture and economic behavior, unraveling a link that, much like a good mystery, prompts further investigation and contemplation. This connection, though whimsical at first glance, beckons us to embrace the ambiguous and enigmatic aspects of scientific inquiry, revealing that every line of investigation can present an opportunity for a surprising reveal, just like the unmasking of a cunning masked villain.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a goofy academic researcher writing an academic paper. You follow the rules, but you throw out convention regularly to make jokes and funny asides.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released and Gasoline pumped in Niger. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger"

[[ABSTRACT]]
Despite the seemingly unrelated subject matter, this study delves into the unexpected relationship between the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in the West African nation of Niger. Utilizing data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to uncover potential connections between these two peculiar variables.

Through rigorous statistical analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2021, we unearthed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.7722222 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. Though initially met with skepticism, our findings suggest a compelling relationship between the cultural production of the beloved animated canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger, raising questions about the deeper societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation.

This paper not only sheds light on this enigmatic association but also serves as a reminder that even the most unexpected pairings can unveil intriguing correlations, much like the unmasking of a cleverly disguised villain in a classic Scooby-Doo episode.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
In the realm of statistical analysis and empirical research, the pursuit of uncovering correlations between seemingly disparate variables is much like solving a mystery. One must carefully sift through data, follow the clues, and occasionally employ the scientific equivalent of Scooby snacks to keep the research team energized. So, it is with great enthusiasm and a dash of skepticism that we present our findings on the curious connection between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in dear Niger.
As researchers, we often find ourselves exploring the uncharted territories of knowledge, equipped with our trusty spreadsheets and a strong enthusiasm for discovering the unexpected. When the idea to investigate the potential link between Scooby-Doo and gasoline usage first surfaced, it was met with raised eyebrows and a fair share of chuckles. Nonetheless, with the spirit of scientific inquiry propelling us forward, we embarked on this peculiar scientific journey with the hopes of unearthing something delightfully uncanny.
This paper aims to unravel the mystery behind the baffling relationship between these two variables—a relationship that, at first glance, appears about as unlikely as discovering the Loch Ness Monster vacationing in the Sahara desert. Through a thorough examination of data spanning more than two decades, we delved into the world of animated mystery-solving, fuel consumption, and the intricate web of statistical analysis.
In doing so, we uncovered a correlation coefficient that was anything but spine-chillingly low, and a p-value that could rival the intrigue of any classic whodunit. Our findings not only defy conventional wisdom but also provide a levity that is often amiss in the austere world of research. It appears that, much like the layers of a well-crafted conspiracy, there may be more to the tale of Scooby-Doo and gasoline in Niger than meets the eye.
This study not only exemplifies the inherent curiosity of scientific inquiry but also showcases the unexpected revelations that can emerge from probing into the most unconventional of associations. Just as ghostly apparitions are eventually unveiled to be mere projections or illusions, our findings may serve to demystify the enigmatic relationship between cultural production and economic consumption.
So, dear reader, fasten your seatbelts, for we are about to embark on a journey that is as amusing as it is enlightening. As we shine a light on this perplexing correlation, we invite you to ponder the interconnectedness of the universe and, perhaps, indulge in a moment of scientific whimsy. After all, in the world of research, solving one mystery only leaves room for the pursuit of the next, much like any self-respecting meddling kid and their loyal Great Dane.

[[RESULTS]]
The statistical analysis of the data pertaining to the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in Niger yielded intriguing results. Our research team, armed with calculators and an insatiable curiosity, discovered a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7722222. This correlation coefficient suggests a strong positive relationship between the production of animated mystery adventures featuring the iconic Great Dane and the consumption of gasoline in the aforementioned West African nation.
Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.5963271 indicates that approximately 59.6% of the variability in gasoline usage in Niger can be explained by the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released. It is a reminder that despite the whimsical nature of the variables under investigation, statistical analysis can shed light on unexpected relationships that permeate the fabric of society and, in this case, the consumption patterns of gasoline in Niger.
Additionally, the small p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the variables. In layman's terms, the likelihood of this strong correlation occurring by chance is equivalent to stumbling upon a secret passage in a haunted mansion—remarkably improbable.
The figure (Fig. 1) included in this paper depicts a scatterplot that visually encapsulates the robust correlation between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and the gasoline pumped in Niger. It's a reminder that even in the realm of empirical research, a picture is worth a thousand words, or in this case, a thousand "zoinks!".
In summary, the results of our analysis have unfurled an unexpected connection between popular animated content and a vital economic commodity in Niger. This finding not only underscores the whimsical aspects of empirical research but also serves as a testament to the far-reaching implications that can be discovered through the lens of statistical analysis. Just as solving a mystery often reveals new layers of intrigue, our correlation analysis has unveiled a compelling relationship that beckons further exploration and scrutiny.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has succeeded in unmasking a correlation that is as unexpected as stumbling upon a hidden stash of Scooby snacks in a spooky mansion. The substantial correlation coefficient and minuscule p-value point to a robust relationship between the number of Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films released and gasoline consumption in Niger, proving that sometimes, the most peculiar pairings can reveal remarkable statistical connections.

While it may seem like a mystery worthy of the Mystery Inc. gang, our findings provide valuable insight into the enigmatic interplay between cultural production and economic activity. The implications of this correlation extend beyond the realms of lighthearted animated escapades and fuel consumption, illustrating the whimsical side of empirical research and statistical analysis.

Ultimately, this study serves as a lighthearted reminder that scientific inquiry often leads us to unexpected discoveries, much like stumbling upon a hidden clue in the midst of a riddle. As we close the chapter on this peculiar correlation, it is clear that the thirst for knowledge has been quenched, and no further research in this area is needed. After all, the mystery of Scooby-Doo and gasoline consumption in Niger shall remain solved, much like the unmasking of a cunning villain at the end of an episode.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Cartoon Causality

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Global Fuel Consumption Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger with an abstract of Despite the seemingly unrelated subject matter, this study delves into the unexpected relationship between the number of direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films released and the volume of gasoline pumped in the West African nation of Niger. Utilizing data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and the Energy Information Administration, our research team embarked on a quest to uncover potential connections between these two peculiar variables.
Through rigorous statistical analysis covering the period from 1998 to 2021, we unearthed a surprising correlation coefficient of 0.7722222 and a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01. Though initially met with skepticism, our findings suggest a compelling relationship between the cultural production of the beloved animated canine and the consumption of gasoline in Niger, raising questions about the deeper societal and economic implications that warrant further investigation.
This paper not only sheds light on this enigmatic association but also serves as a reminder that even the most unexpected pairings can unveil intriguing correlations, much like the unmasking of a cleverly disguised villain in a classic Scooby-Doo episode.

ChatGPT:

Scooby-Doo direct-to-video films, gasoline consumption, Niger, correlation, statistical analysis, cultural production, economic implications

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

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Data details

Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released
Detailed data title: Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released annually
Source: IMDB
See what else correlates with Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released

Gasoline pumped in Niger
Detailed data title: Volume of gasoline pumped consumed in Niger in millions of barrels per day
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Gasoline pumped in Niger

Correlation r = 0.7722222 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.5963271 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 59.6% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Gasoline pumped in Niger) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released) over the 24 years from 1998 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 9.8E-6.^Show 0.0000098363331037861540000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.77 in 0.00098% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 101,664 random variables^Note You don't actually need 101 thousand variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 23 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 23 because we have two variables measured over a period of 24 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.54, 0.9 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released (Films)	1	1	1	1	0	2	1	2	1	1	1	1	2	1	3	2	2	2	2	2	3	2	2	2
Gasoline pumped in Niger (Million Barrels/Day)	1.1	1.1	1.60811	1.68263	1.63589	1.77611	1.74795	1.68263	1.79948	1.91633	1.9577	2.50058	2.85112	2.64079	4.89426	3.76255	4.1131	5	4	4.39353	4.86093	4.90767	4.62723	4.62723

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1,1,1,1,0,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,2,1,3,2,2,2,2,2,3,2,2,2,])
array_2 = np.array([1.1,1.1,1.60811,1.68263,1.63589,1.77611,1.74795,1.68263,1.79948,1.91633,1.9577,2.50058,2.85112,2.64079,4.89426,3.76255,4.1131,5,4,4.39353,4.86093,4.90767,4.62723,4.62723,])
array_1_name = "Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released"
array_2_name = "Gasoline pumped in Niger"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Number of Scooby Doo direct-to-video films released
Line chart for only Gasoline pumped in Niger
AI-generated correlation image
The spurious research paper: Unmasking the Mystery: The Correlation Between the Number of Scooby-Doo Direct-to-Video Films Released and Gasoline Pumped in Niger

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Correlation ID: 1602 · Black Variable ID: 182 · Red Variable ID: 24759


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