Spurious correlation #1,211 · View random
A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Kenzie and the second variable is UFO sightings in South Dakota. The chart goes from 1976 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Popularity of the first name Kenzie and the second variable is UFO sightings in South Dakota. The chart goes from 1976 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time.

Download png, svg

AI explanation

As the number of Kenzies grew, so did the collective cosmic energy they emitted, inadvertently attracting UFOs to South Dakota like trendy, intergalactic hotspots. It seems the universe just couldn't resist a chance to meet the cool, new Kens and Zies on Earth, leading to some otherworldly encounters in the Mount Rushmore State. Who knew that the secret to making contact with extraterrestrial beings was simply to have more Kenzies around, creating a celestial phenomenon that's truly out of this world!

^{Show image generation prompt} Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image that looks like a scene from a Pixar movie. Depict a small town in South Dakota, with kids dressed in green alien costumes filling the neighborhood streets. Some of them have antenna headbands, and others wear silver space suits. In the sky above, UFOs appear, hovering and zipping around, seemingly drawn to the sudden surge of alien enthusiasts. Parents are watching from their front porches, amused and bewildered by the intergalactic scene unfolding before them. Make the scene vibrant and full of charming details, including the quaint houses and the expressions on the characters' faces. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.

This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the situation described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here is a situation: The increase in popularity of the name Kenzie led to more people naming their kids after the popular cartoon character Kenzie the Alien, causing a surge in children pretending to be aliens. This surge of alien activity caught the attention of UFOs, causing an increase in sightings in South Dakota as they came to investigate the sudden spike in extraterrestrial interest.. Given that situation, which of the following image descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand and the tone of the explanation. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Symbolism Hyper-realistic A scene from Skyrim An image that looks like it is a scene from a Pixar movie A TIME magazine cover image
ChatGPT: An image that looks like a scene from a Pixar movie

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated and the explanation described. Do not reference graphs or charts; describe physical objects.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that depicts the following situation. Keep the description simple. The increase in popularity of the name Kenzie led to more people naming their kids after the popular cartoon character Kenzie the Alien, causing a surge in children pretending to be aliens. This surge of alien activity caught the attention of UFOs, causing an increase in sightings in South Dakota as they came to investigate the sudden spike in extraterrestrial interest.
ChatGPT: In a small town in South Dakota, kids dressed in green alien costumes filled the neighborhood streets. Some had antenna headbands, and others had silver space suits. In the sky above, UFOs appeared, hovering and zipping around, as if drawn to the sudden surge of alien enthusiasts. Parents watched from their front porches, both amused and bewildered by the intergalactic scene unfolding before them.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ An image that looks like a scene from a Pixar movie ] and depicting this scene: In a small town in South Dakota, kids dressed in green alien costumes filled the neighborhood streets. Some had antenna headbands, and others had silver space suits. In the sky above, UFOs appeared, hovering and zipping around, as if drawn to the sudden surge of alien enthusiasts. Parents watched from their front porches, both amused and bewildered by the intergalactic scene unfolding before them. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image that looks like a scene from a Pixar movie. Depict a small town in South Dakota, with kids dressed in green alien costumes filling the neighborhood streets. Some of them have antenna headbands, and others wear silver space suits. In the sky above, UFOs appear, hovering and zipping around, seemingly drawn to the sudden surge of alien enthusiasts. Parents are watching from their front porches, amused and bewildered by the intergalactic scene unfolding before them. Make the scene vibrant and full of charming details, including the quaint houses and the expressions on the characters' faces.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.
^{Show prompt for explanation} Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Popularity of the first name Kenzie caused UFO sightings in South Dakota to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)

Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota

The Journal of Extraterrestrial Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!

^{Show prompt used to generate this paper} Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kenzie and UFO sightings in South Dakota. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center spanning the years 1976 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 and p < 0.01 was observed. The results suggest a remarkably strong association between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the occurrences of UFO sightings. The implications of this correlation are both intriguing and beyond the ordinary realms of conventional academic inquiry. Further examination may shed light on the cosmic connection between nomenclature and extraterrestrial visitations.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The etymology of personal names has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue, with each moniker carrying its own historical and cultural significance. While the choice of a name is often a deeply personal decision, it is intriguing to consider the potential impact of nomenclature on aspects beyond individual identity. In this study, we delve into the peculiar correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) sightings in the enigmatic state of South Dakota.
The choice of "Kenzie" as the focus of our investigation is not arbitrary; rather, it reflects the burgeoning popularity of this name over the past few decades. This upsurge in "Kenzies" has not gone unnoticed, and we are compelled to explore whether there exists a cosmic connection between the meteoric rise of this name and the appearance of enigmatic flying objects in the South Dakotan skies. Additionally, we recognize that the selection of South Dakota as the geographic area of examination may evoke a sense of bemusement, but as we shall elucidate, it is precisely the unexpected nature of this locale that adds a layer of intrigue to our research.
The unexpected intersections of seemingly disparate phenomena have captivated the human imagination since time immemorial. As such, we embark upon this study with a blend of scholarly rigor and lighthearted curiosity, emphasizing the need to approach this investigation with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the unexpected. While the very notion of a correlation between a name and extraterrestrial sightings may elicit skepticism, it is our earnest endeavor to present the evidence with the utmost sobriety and meticulousness, albeit with occasional sprinklings of wry humor.
As we proceed to unravel the enigma of the "Kenzie" phenomenon and its curious counterpart in the domain of UFO sightings, we encourage the reader to adopt an inquisitive stance, reminiscent of the extraterrestrial entities themselves, probing the depths of the universe for hidden truths. Indeed, it is only through this lens of inquisitiveness that we may begin to discern the subtle threads that weave through the fabric of our seemingly disparate realities, prompting us to acknowledge the delightful absurdity that often underlies the pursuit of knowledge.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between personal names and anomalous phenomena has garnered sporadic attention in scholarly discourse. Smith et al. (2010) explored the potential influence of nomenclature on individual life outcomes, although their focus was primarily on socioeconomic indicators rather than extraordinary occurrences. Similarly, Doe (2015) investigated the cultural implications of naming practices, yet did not venture into the realm of paranormal associations. Jones (2018) delved into the psychological effects of name popularity, but their analysis did not extend to inexplicable celestial events.

In "The Naming of Names" by Anna Pavord, the author delves into the historical and symbolic significance of personal names, shedding light on the nuanced relationship between nomenclature and cultural identity. Likewise, "Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner offers a thought-provoking perspective on the unexpected correlations that underpin various facets of human life, albeit in a manner unrelated to the current investigation.

Turning to fiction, "The Name of the Wind" by Patrick Rothfuss presents a fantastical narrative replete with mystical occurrences, although the connection to the real-world phenomenon of UFO sightings remains tenuous at best. Similarly, "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" by Milan Kundera delves into existential themes, yet its relevance to the present study is, regrettably, negligible.

In a departure from conventional scholarly inquiry, the authors pursued a novel approach to the literature review, drawing inspiration from an eclectic array of sources. In a perhaps unconventional twist, an exhaustive survey of CVS receipts was undertaken, yielding unexpected insights into purchase patterns and, inadvertently, a trove of curious anecdotes related to names and inexplicable aerial observations. Although the method may deviate from traditional academic practices, it is hoped that this unorthodox approach will enrich the fabric of knowledge and inject a sense of levity into the discourse.

The aforementioned sources, while disparate in nature, have provided a multifaceted backdrop against which the current investigation is situated. As the inquiry progresses, the authors remain vigilant in their commitment to uncovering the underlying mechanisms of the "Kenzie" phenomenon and its peculiar intertwining with UFO sightings in the enigmatic expanse of South Dakota.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kenzie and UFO sightings in South Dakota. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from US Social Security Administration and National UFO Reporting Center . You used data from 1976 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center spanning the years 1976 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 and p < 0.01 was observed. The results suggest a remarkably strong association between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the occurrences of UFO sightings. The implications of this correlation are both intriguing and beyond the ordinary realms of conventional academic inquiry. Further examination may shed light on the cosmic connection between nomenclature and extraterrestrial visitations.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The etymology of personal names has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue, with each moniker carrying its own historical and cultural significance. While the choice of a name is often a deeply personal decision, it is intriguing to consider the potential impact of nomenclature on aspects beyond individual identity. In this study, we delve into the peculiar correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) sightings in the enigmatic state of South Dakota.
The choice of "Kenzie" as the focus of our investigation is not arbitrary; rather, it reflects the burgeoning popularity of this name over the past few decades. This upsurge in "Kenzies" has not gone unnoticed, and we are compelled to explore whether there exists a cosmic connection between the meteoric rise of this name and the appearance of enigmatic flying objects in the South Dakotan skies. Additionally, we recognize that the selection of South Dakota as the geographic area of examination may evoke a sense of bemusement, but as we shall elucidate, it is precisely the unexpected nature of this locale that adds a layer of intrigue to our research.
The unexpected intersections of seemingly disparate phenomena have captivated the human imagination since time immemorial. As such, we embark upon this study with a blend of scholarly rigor and lighthearted curiosity, emphasizing the need to approach this investigation with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the unexpected. While the very notion of a correlation between a name and extraterrestrial sightings may elicit skepticism, it is our earnest endeavor to present the evidence with the utmost sobriety and meticulousness, albeit with occasional sprinklings of wry humor.
As we proceed to unravel the enigma of the "Kenzie" phenomenon and its curious counterpart in the domain of UFO sightings, we encourage the reader to adopt an inquisitive stance, reminiscent of the extraterrestrial entities themselves, probing the depths of the universe for hidden truths. Indeed, it is only through this lens of inquisitiveness that we may begin to discern the subtle threads that weave through the fabric of our seemingly disparate realities, prompting us to acknowledge the delightful absurdity that often underlies the pursuit of knowledge.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data Collection
The methodology employed for this investigation entailed the assembly of datasets derived from disparate sources, including the US Social Security Administration (SSA) and the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC). The comprehensive dataset encompassed a time span extending from 1976 to 2021, thus affording a robust temporal dimension for the examination of trends in the incidence of the name "Kenzie" and reports of UFO sightings.

The first facet of data collection involved the retrieval of the frequency of occurrences of the first name "Kenzie" from the SSA database. This information was obtained with the utmost precision, reflecting the meticulousness required in capturing the nuances of nomenclature trends. Concurrently, UFO sighting reports in the state of South Dakota, as documented by NUFORC, were collated and meticulously organized to capture the temporal and spatial dimensions of these anomalous aerial phenomena.

Data Analysis
The initial phase of data analysis entailed the application of inferential statistical techniques to discern potential correlations between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the sightings of UFOs. Utilizing established measures such as Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analyses, the research team sought to elucidate the nature and strength of any apparent associations between these seemingly disparate variables.

Additionally, spatial analysis techniques were implemented to discern potential geographical patterns in the distribution of UFO sightings vis-à-vis the dispersion of individuals bearing the name "Kenzie" within South Dakota. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were employed to visualize and analyze these spatial relationships, facilitating a nuanced understanding of the intertwining patterns that may underlie the "Kenzie"-UFO nexus.

Furthermore, qualitative data from anecdotal accounts of UFO sightings in regions with elevated concentrations of "Kenzies" was qualitatively examined to discern any recurrent motifs or themes that could provide a qualitative dimension to the quantitative findings. This interpretive layer served to enrich the multifaceted analysis by integrating the subjective experiences of individuals with the quantitative data patterns, thereby revealing nuanced insights into the cosmic coalescence of nomenclature and aerial anomalies.

Limitations
It is imperative to acknowledge the inherent limitations of this research endeavor. The reliance on secondary data sources, while comprehensive, precludes the possibility of establishing causal mechanisms underlying the observed correlation. Additionally, the selection of South Dakota as the focal geographical area, while intriguing, necessitates caution in generalizing the findings to other regions. Moreover, the potential influence of extraneous variables, such as evolving social and cultural trends, remains a confounding factor that warrants future exploration through longitudinal studies.

In light of these limitations, the results of this investigation should be interpreted with judicious circumspection, recognizing the need for continued scholarly inquiry to elucidate the genuine nature of the "Kenzie"-UFO correlation.

------
I opted to maintain the serious and dry tone with subtle wit and humor, integrating nods to the "cosmic coalescence of nomenclature and aerial anomalies" and the need for "continued scholarly inquiry to elucidate the genuine nature of the 'Kenzie'-UFO correlation." This approach is in line with the scholarly and lighthearted perspective exhibited in the preceding sections of the paper.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kenzie and UFO sightings in South Dakota. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center spanning the years 1976 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 and p < 0.01 was observed. The results suggest a remarkably strong association between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the occurrences of UFO sightings. The implications of this correlation are both intriguing and beyond the ordinary realms of conventional academic inquiry. Further examination may shed light on the cosmic connection between nomenclature and extraterrestrial visitations.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between personal names and anomalous phenomena has garnered sporadic attention in scholarly discourse. Smith et al. (2010) explored the potential influence of nomenclature on individual life outcomes, although their focus was primarily on socioeconomic indicators rather than extraordinary occurrences. Similarly, Doe (2015) investigated the cultural implications of naming practices, yet did not venture into the realm of paranormal associations. Jones (2018) delved into the psychological effects of name popularity, but their analysis did not extend to inexplicable celestial events.
In "The Naming of Names" by Anna Pavord, the author delves into the historical and symbolic significance of personal names, shedding light on the nuanced relationship between nomenclature and cultural identity. Likewise, "Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner offers a thought-provoking perspective on the unexpected correlations that underpin various facets of human life, albeit in a manner unrelated to the current investigation.
Turning to fiction, "The Name of the Wind" by Patrick Rothfuss presents a fantastical narrative replete with mystical occurrences, although the connection to the real-world phenomenon of UFO sightings remains tenuous at best. Similarly, "The Unbearable Lightness of Being" by Milan Kundera delves into existential themes, yet its relevance to the present study is, regrettably, negligible.
In a departure from conventional scholarly inquiry, the authors pursued a novel approach to the literature review, drawing inspiration from an eclectic array of sources. In a perhaps unconventional twist, an exhaustive survey of CVS receipts was undertaken, yielding unexpected insights into purchase patterns and, inadvertently, a trove of curious anecdotes related to names and inexplicable aerial observations. Although the method may deviate from traditional academic practices, it is hoped that this unorthodox approach will enrich the fabric of knowledge and inject a sense of levity into the discourse.
The aforementioned sources, while disparate in nature, have provided a multifaceted backdrop against which the current investigation is situated. As the inquiry progresses, the authors remain vigilant in their commitment to uncovering the underlying mechanisms of the "Kenzie" phenomenon and its peculiar intertwining with UFO sightings in the enigmatic expanse of South Dakota.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota over the period from 1976 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 indicated a robust positive relationship, suggesting that as the popularity of the name "Kenzie" increased, so too did the occurrences of reported UFO sightings. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8815781, signifying that approximately 88.16% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the prevalence of the name "Kenzie." This statistical finding further substantiates the substantial connection between the two variables, lending support to the hypothesis of a cosmic correlation.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between the name "Kenzie" and UFO sightings in South Dakota. This indicates a high level of statistical significance, underscoring the confidence in the observed association. These results prompt us to critically reconsider the seemingly fortuitous alignment of nomenclature and celestial visitations, compelling us to entertain notions that lie at the intersection of the extraordinary and the empirically derived.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the robust correlation between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in South Dakota. Each data point on the plot serves as a poignant reminder of the enigmatic connection that we have uncovered, inviting further contemplation on the cosmic ballet between human nomenclature and inexplicable aerial phenomena.
The findings of this study transcend the ordinary confines of traditional academic inquiry, infusing a sense of cosmic wonder into the realm of empirical research. They beckon us to embrace the delightful peculiarity of the universe, wherein the whims of human naming conventions appear to intersect with the mysteries that traverse the skies above. Further exploration of this correlation may yield valuable insights into the intricate web of cosmic coincidences, provoking both scholarly introspection and lighthearted contemplation of the inexplicable forces that shape our world.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The findings of this study corroborate and extend previous research examining the potential influence of nomenclature on anomalous phenomena. The observed correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings aligns with the burgeoning body of literature exploring the enigmatic relationship between personal names and remarkable occurrences. Smith et al. (2010) and Doe (2015) may not have ventured into the realm of extraterrestrial visitations, but their work laid the foundation for our investigation into the cosmic connection between nomenclature and inexplicable aerial events. The current study's results reinforce the notion that human nomenclature, in this case manifest in the popularity of the name "Kenzie," may hold unforeseen sway over celestial visitations, inviting reflection on the cosmic ballet that intertwines the ordinary with the inexplicable.

The substantial correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 and the coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8815781 underscore the robustness of the linkage between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the frequency of reported UFO sightings in South Dakota. These statistical indicators lend credence to the notion that as the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" increased, so too did the occurrences of UFO sightings. While correlation does not imply causation, the remarkably high level of statistical significance, reflected in the p-value of less than 0.01, impels us to consider the possibility of a deeper, cosmic underpinning to this intriguing association.

The narrative of this investigation bears semblance to the narrative arc of an unexpectedly riveting novel, wherein the seemingly ordinary interplay of human names belies a cosmic dance with the otherworldly. This remarkable correlation calls to mind the playful whimsy of fate, as if the very utterance of the name "Kenzie" reverberates across the celestial expanse, beckoning enigmatic visitations from beyond. Indeed, the celestial ballet may be choreographed by the resonance of certain names, casting a whimsical light on the often enigmatic and unfathomable forces that shape our world.

The implications of this correlation transcend the traditional bounds of empirical inquiry, infusing a sense of cosmic wonder and prompting both scholarly introspection and lighthearted contemplation. As we gaze upon Fig. 1, the scatterplot serves as a visual testament to the cosmic dance unfolding in the skies above, where the ebb and flow of UFO sightings mirror the ascent and descent of the name "Kenzie" in the fabric of human nomenclature. It is a reminder that amidst the rigidity of statistical analyses lies the potential for delightful discovery and cosmic mirth, inviting us to ponder the inexplicable forces that guide our journey through the universe.

In light of the empirical evidence presented in this investigation, it behooves us to approach the confluence of human nomenclature and celestial phenomena with an open mind and a dash of levity, acknowledging the possibility of a cosmic whimsy that defies conventional explanation. Further exploration of this correlation may unveil new vistas of wonder, blurring the boundaries between the empirical and the extraordinary, offering an invitation to contemplate the celestial symphony that resonates with the beat of human names.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Popularity of the first name Kenzie and UFO sightings in South Dakota. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the curious relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center spanning the years 1976 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 and p < 0.01 was observed. The results suggest a remarkably strong association between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the occurrences of UFO sightings. The implications of this correlation are both intriguing and beyond the ordinary realms of conventional academic inquiry. Further examination may shed light on the cosmic connection between nomenclature and extraterrestrial visitations.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
INTRODUCTION
The etymology of personal names has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue, with each moniker carrying its own historical and cultural significance. While the choice of a name is often a deeply personal decision, it is intriguing to consider the potential impact of nomenclature on aspects beyond individual identity. In this study, we delve into the peculiar correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) sightings in the enigmatic state of South Dakota.
The choice of "Kenzie" as the focus of our investigation is not arbitrary; rather, it reflects the burgeoning popularity of this name over the past few decades. This upsurge in "Kenzies" has not gone unnoticed, and we are compelled to explore whether there exists a cosmic connection between the meteoric rise of this name and the appearance of enigmatic flying objects in the South Dakotan skies. Additionally, we recognize that the selection of South Dakota as the geographic area of examination may evoke a sense of bemusement, but as we shall elucidate, it is precisely the unexpected nature of this locale that adds a layer of intrigue to our research.
The unexpected intersections of seemingly disparate phenomena have captivated the human imagination since time immemorial. As such, we embark upon this study with a blend of scholarly rigor and lighthearted curiosity, emphasizing the need to approach this investigation with an open mind and a readiness to embrace the unexpected. While the very notion of a correlation between a name and extraterrestrial sightings may elicit skepticism, it is our earnest endeavor to present the evidence with the utmost sobriety and meticulousness, albeit with occasional sprinklings of wry humor.
As we proceed to unravel the enigma of the "Kenzie" phenomenon and its curious counterpart in the domain of UFO sightings, we encourage the reader to adopt an inquisitive stance, reminiscent of the extraterrestrial entities themselves, probing the depths of the universe for hidden truths. Indeed, it is only through this lens of inquisitiveness that we may begin to discern the subtle threads that weave through the fabric of our seemingly disparate realities, prompting us to acknowledge the delightful absurdity that often underlies the pursuit of knowledge.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data revealed a remarkably strong correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota over the period from 1976 to 2021. The correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 indicated a robust positive relationship, suggesting that as the popularity of the name "Kenzie" increased, so too did the occurrences of reported UFO sightings. The coefficient of determination (r-squared) was calculated to be 0.8815781, signifying that approximately 88.16% of the variation in UFO sightings can be explained by the prevalence of the name "Kenzie." This statistical finding further substantiates the substantial connection between the two variables, lending support to the hypothesis of a cosmic correlation.
The p-value of less than 0.01 provides compelling evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no relationship between the name "Kenzie" and UFO sightings in South Dakota. This indicates a high level of statistical significance, underscoring the confidence in the observed association. These results prompt us to critically reconsider the seemingly fortuitous alignment of nomenclature and celestial visitations, compelling us to entertain notions that lie at the intersection of the extraordinary and the empirically derived.
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually represents the robust correlation between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in South Dakota. Each data point on the plot serves as a poignant reminder of the enigmatic connection that we have uncovered, inviting further contemplation on the cosmic ballet between human nomenclature and inexplicable aerial phenomena.
The findings of this study transcend the ordinary confines of traditional academic inquiry, infusing a sense of cosmic wonder into the realm of empirical research. They beckon us to embrace the delightful peculiarity of the universe, wherein the whims of human naming conventions appear to intersect with the mysteries that traverse the skies above. Further exploration of this correlation may yield valuable insights into the intricate web of cosmic coincidences, provoking both scholarly introspection and lighthearted contemplation of the inexplicable forces that shape our world.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]

ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]
In conclusion, the findings of this study unveil a strikingly robust correlation between the prevalence of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in South Dakota. The statistical analysis yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 with a p-value of less than 0.01, indicating a compelling association that defies conventional explanations. The coefficient of determination further underscored the substantial impact of the name "Kenzie" on the variation in UFO sightings, mirroring the mysterious dance between nomenclature and celestial incursions.

This cosmic correlation, while inherently inexplicable, beckons us to embrace the delightful peculiarity of the universe, wherein the whims of human naming conventions appear to intersect with the mysteries that traverse the skies above. As we contemplate these findings, it is evident that the enigma of "Kenzie" and the enigmatic aerial phenomena defy straightforward elucidation, prompting both scholarly introspection and lighthearted contemplation.

It is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this study, particularly the inherent whimsy and unexpectedness that pervade the subjects of human nomenclature and UFO sightings. While the statistical rigor employed in this investigation lends credence to the observed association, the broader implications of this correlation remain shrouded in the cosmic mists, evading unequivocal explication. However, the playful dance between the data points on the scatterplot (Fig. 1) serves as a poignant reminder of the delightful absurdity that often underlies the pursuit of knowledge, inviting us to embrace the whimsicality of the world around us.

In light of these revelatory findings, it is imperative to recognize that this investigation represents an initial foray into the cosmic conundrum of the "Kenzie" phenomenon and its celestial counterpart. The implications of this correlation extend far beyond the boundaries of conventional academic inquiry, infusing a sense of wonder and whimsy into the realm of empirical research. As we traverse the cosmic conundrum of Kenzies and UFOs, we must approach this inquiry with a willingness to embrace the inexplicable and the unexpected, anchoring ourselves in scholarly rigor while delighting in the delightful paradoxes of our universe.

In the grand tapestry of scholarly pursuits, it is rare to encounter such delightful and enigmatic correlations that prompt a reexamination of the hallowed domains of nomenclature and UFO sightings. As such, we assert that no further research is needed in this area, for the inexplicable wonders of the "Kenzie" and UFO nexus shall continue to captivate the imagination, eluding definitive elucidation and inspiring a whimsical appreciation for the delightful mysteries that abound in our infinitely curious cosmos.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Extraterrestrial Studies

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Astral Phenomena Research Institute

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota with an abstract of This paper investigates the curious relationship between the popularity of the first name "Kenzie" and the frequency of UFO sightings in the state of South Dakota. Utilizing data from the US Social Security Administration and the National UFO Reporting Center spanning the years 1976 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.9389239 and p < 0.01 was observed. The results suggest a remarkably strong association between the prevalence of the name "Kenzie" and the occurrences of UFO sightings. The implications of this correlation are both intriguing and beyond the ordinary realms of conventional academic inquiry. Further examination may shed light on the cosmic connection between nomenclature and extraterrestrial visitations.

ChatGPT:

Kenzie, UFO sightings, South Dakota, correlation coefficient, US Social Security Administration, National UFO Reporting Center, nomenclature, extraterrestrial visitations

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.

Random correlation

Discover a new correlation

View all correlations

View all research papers

Report an error

Data details

Popularity of the first name Kenzie
Detailed data title: Babies of all sexes born in the US named Kenzie
Source: US Social Security Administration
See what else correlates with Popularity of the first name Kenzie

UFO sightings in South Dakota
Detailed data title: UFO sightings reported in South Dakota
Source: National UFO Reporting Center
See what else correlates with UFO sightings in South Dakota

Correlation r = 0.9389239 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r² = 0.8815781 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 88.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., UFO sightings in South Dakota) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Popularity of the first name Kenzie) over the 46 years from 1976 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 5.2E-22.^Show 0.0000000000000000000005240375
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme.^Note More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.94 in 5.2E-20% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 1,908,260,382,129,141,579,776 random variables^Note You don't actually need 1 sextillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 45 degrees of freedom, ^Note Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 45 because we have two variables measured over a period of 46 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.89, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
^{Read more about the confidence interval} The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!

All values for the years included above: ^Note If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.

	1976	1977	1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Popularity of the first name Kenzie (Babies born)	11	24	27	37	33	33	44	46	32	42	56	65	77	77	127	158	177	160	235	198	252	259	321	339	361	316	396	412	430	519	540	661	681	716	867	1032	1218	1241	1328	1155	998	846	898	786	848	680
UFO sightings in South Dakota (UFO sightings)	2	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	4	3	1	3	7	3	7	5	8	7	12	8	7	12	8	13	12	15	24	20	21	15	23	17	11	15	15	3

Why this works

Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
Lack of causal connection: There is probably^Note Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple^Note Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data.^Note In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.

For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.

(This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.

Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. ^{Show the steps to do this.} Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."

# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([11,24,27,37,33,33,44,46,32,42,56,65,77,77,127,158,177,160,235,198,252,259,321,339,361,316,396,412,430,519,540,661,681,716,867,1032,1218,1241,1328,1155,998,846,898,786,848,680,])
array_2 = np.array([2,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,4,3,1,3,7,3,7,5,8,7,12,8,7,12,8,13,12,15,24,20,21,15,23,17,11,15,15,3,])
array_1_name = "Popularity of the first name Kenzie"
array_2_name = "UFO sightings in South Dakota"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)

Reuseable content

You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. ^Note Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

Full license details.
For more on re-use permissions, or to get a signed release form, see tylervigen.com/permission.

Download images for these variables:

High resolution line chart ^Note The image linked here is a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG). It is the highest resolution that is possible to achieve. It scales up beyond the size of the observable universe without pixelating. You do not need to email me asking if I have a higher resolution image. I do not. The physical limitations of our universe prevent me from providing you with an image that is any higher resolution than this one.

If you insert it into a PowerPoint presentation (a tool well-known for managing things that are the scale of the universe), you can right-click > "Ungroup" or "Create Shape" and then edit the lines and text directly. You can also change the colors this way.

Alternatively you can use a tool like Inkscape.
High resolution line chart, optimized for mobile
Alternative high resolution line chart
Scatterplot
Portable line chart (png)
Portable line chart (png), optimized for mobile
Line chart for only Popularity of the first name Kenzie
Line chart for only UFO sightings in South Dakota
The spurious research paper: Out of This World Name: The Kenzie Phenomenon and Unidentified Flying Objects in South Dakota

View another random correlation

How fun was this correlation?

Bravo! Your evaluation rocks!

Correlation ID: 1211 · Black Variable ID: 3413 · Red Variable ID: 1196


Problem variable:
Issue:
Additional details: Optional
Confirm you are a human: