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Spurious correlation #1,075 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Number of public school students in 11th grade and the second variable is Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins.  The chart goes from 1990 to 2013, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As more 11th graders entered the public school system, word spread about the Pythagorean parties happening in Vegas. The allure of square dancing, exponential fun, and acute entertainment proved too tempting to resist. It seems the real math lesson was that what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas, unless it's a report card!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Style: Whimsical illustration Scene: In a bustling hotel lobby in Las Vegas, families line up at the front desk to check in. Tired-looking parents and stressed-out teenagers wait with worn-out suitcases as hotel staff discuss potential "student discount" packages. Excited high school students chatter, rolling their backpacks and textbooks across the lively marble floor. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the situation described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here is a situation: Surprising Study Finds Increase in 11th Grade Student Population Causes Surge in Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins Researchers stunned by the unexpected correlation between more high school students and more hotel bookings Experts speculate that stressed out parents are seeking a getaway after helping their kids with SAT prep Las Vegas hotels consider offering "student discount" packages to capitalize on the trend. Given that situation, which of the following image descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand and the tone of the explanation. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Whimsical illustration A Discovery magazine cover image A scene from Skyrim A comic-book-style illustration with muted colors and a dotted halftone pattern from the 1960s Whimsical illustration
ChatGPT: Whimsical illustration

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated and the explanation described. Do not reference graphs or charts; describe physical objects.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that depicts the following situation. Keep the description simple. Surprising Study Finds Increase in 11th Grade Student Population Causes Surge in Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins Researchers stunned by the unexpected correlation between more high school students and more hotel bookings Experts speculate that stressed out parents are seeking a getaway after helping their kids with SAT prep Las Vegas hotels consider offering "student discount" packages to capitalize on the trend
ChatGPT: Scene: In a hotel lobby in Las Vegas, the front desk is bustling with activity. A line of families, some with tired-looking parents and stressed-out teenagers, waits to check in. The atmosphere is lively, with the sound of suitcases rolling across the marble floor and the chatter of excited high school students. Behind the front desk, hotel staff are discussing potential "student discount" packages as they observe the influx of young guests with backpacks and textbooks.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Whimsical illustration ] and depicting this scene: Scene: In a hotel lobby in Las Vegas, the front desk is bustling with activity. A line of families, some with tired-looking parents and stressed-out teenagers, waits to check in. The atmosphere is lively, with the sound of suitcases rolling across the marble floor and the chatter of excited high school students. Behind the front desk, hotel staff are discussing potential "student discount" packages as they observe the influx of young guests with backpacks and textbooks. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Style: Whimsical illustration Scene: In a bustling hotel lobby in Las Vegas, families line up at the front desk to check in. Tired-looking parents and stressed-out teenagers wait with worn-out suitcases as hotel staff discuss potential "student discount" packages. Excited high school students chatter, rolling their backpacks and textbooks across the lively marble floor.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Number of public school students in 11th grade caused Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

The Journal of Offbeat Ocular Observations

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title an alliteration.

Your research team used data from National Center for Education Statistics and Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and p < 0.01 for 1990 to 2013.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The inherent paradoxes of statistical analysis have a knack for surprising us. Sometimes, it seems that the most unrelated variables are inexplicably entwined, revealing a connection that defies conventional logic. In the realm of research, unveiling these unexpected relationships is akin to stumbling upon a hidden treasure – both delightfully puzzling and undeniably intriguing.

It's almost as surprising as finding out that the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins have a statistical relationship stronger than a tourist's desire for a buffet after losing big at the roulette table. This peculiar pairing has led us down a path of discovery, where data analysis meets amusement, and conventional wisdom takes a vacation.

The "pupil and party paradox" – a fittingly playful name for this statistical oddity – may have you scratching your head and wondering if there's more to students and Sin City than meets the eye. It's almost as unexpected as realizing that your dear old grandpa has a stash of statistical textbooks hidden under his collection of vintage vinyl records.

As we delve into this oxymoronic correlation, we cannot help but marvel at the wondrously weird world of statistics – where unexpected connections and whimsical revelations await around every corner. Who would have thought that teenage scholars and casino-goers would be intertwined in a statistical tango as captivating as a magic show on the Strip?

Our quest to unravel this enigmatic association is not just about crunching numbers and producing graphs; it's about illuminating the unexpected, infusing a bit of levity into the sober corridors of academia, and reminding ourselves that statistical analysis can be as amusing as a stand-up comedy routine in a research lab. After all, what good is data if it doesn't surprise us from time to time? And remember, folks, statistically speaking, humor is our best bet for keeping the scholarly spirit high!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The inherent paradoxes of statistical analysis have a knack for surprising us. Sometimes, it seems that the most unrelated variables are inexplicably entwined, revealing a connection that defies conventional logic. In the realm of research, unveiling these unexpected relationships is akin to stumbling upon a hidden treasure – both delightfully puzzling and undeniably intriguing.
It's almost as surprising as finding out that the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins have a statistical relationship stronger than a tourist's desire for a buffet after losing big at the roulette table. This peculiar pairing has led us down a path of discovery, where data analysis meets amusement, and conventional wisdom takes a vacation.
The "pupil and party paradox" – a fittingly playful name for this statistical oddity – may have you scratching your head and wondering if there's more to students and Sin City than meets the eye. It's almost as unexpected as realizing that your dear old grandpa has a stash of statistical textbooks hidden under his collection of vintage vinyl records.
As we delve into this oxymoronic correlation, we cannot help but marvel at the wondrously weird world of statistics – where unexpected connections and whimsical revelations await around every corner. Who would have thought that teenage scholars and casino-goers would be intertwined in a statistical tango as captivating as a magic show on the Strip?
Our quest to unravel this enigmatic association is not just about crunching numbers and producing graphs; it's about illuminating the unexpected, infusing a bit of levity into the sober corridors of academia, and reminding ourselves that statistical analysis can be as amusing as a stand-up comedy routine in a research lab. After all, what good is data if it doesn't surprise us from time to time? And remember, folks, statistically speaking, humor is our best bet for keeping the scholarly spirit high!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Several studies have explored the relationship between seemingly incongruous variables, but few have captured the imagination quite like the correlation between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Smith et al. (2015) cleverly examined the statistical dance between education and entertainment, uncovering a connection that defies conventional wisdom. At first glance, one might ponder the possibility of a statistical riddle as confounding as an unsolved Rubik's Cube, but as we delve deeper into the realm of statistical curiosity, the puzzle pieces start to fall into place.

In "Book," the authors find that the statistical relationship between 11th-grade students and hotel check-ins is as intriguing as a magician's disappearing act – it simply beguiles the mind. Perhaps, it's as surprising as realizing that a statistician moonlights as a stand-up comedian, weaving wit and wisdom into the fabric of data interpretation. As we knit together the threads of this statistical tapestry, we encounter unexpected twists and turns, much like stumbling upon a hidden punchline in a maze of scholarly seriousness.

Turning our attention to non-fiction literature, "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner provides insight into the idiosyncrasies of human behavior and the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena. Applying an unconventional lens to the world of statistics, the authors invite readers on a journey of discovery, much like the one we embarked upon in our whimsical exploration of the "pupil and party paradox."

For a touch of fiction, consider the mysterious allure of "The Secret Life of Las Vegas" by Chris Abani. This enigmatic tale mirrors the puzzling nature of our statistical conundrum, where the unexpected convergence of student population and hotel check-ins unfolds like a plot twist in a gripping novel.

Taking a more unconventional approach to data collection, the research team valiantly dedicated countless hours of observation to the analysis of relevant television shows. Through careful examination of programs such as "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" and "Las Vegas," we gained unexpected insights into the vibrant tapestry of life in the City of Lights. After all, statistical exploration can be as illuminating as a well-crafted crime drama, prompting us to question reality and embrace the unexpected with a fervor as lively as a Vegas showgirl's feathered ensemble.

As we merrily tread the peculiar path of statistical exploration, let us not forget that amidst the data and decimals, a well-placed dad joke can be as delightful as a winning hand in a game of blackjack. So, dear readers, brace yourself for a statistical rollercoaster ride filled with surprises, and remember – when it comes to statistical oddities, laughter may just be the best correlation coefficient of all.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY . You used data from 1990 to 2013

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The inherent paradoxes of statistical analysis have a knack for surprising us. Sometimes, it seems that the most unrelated variables are inexplicably entwined, revealing a connection that defies conventional logic. In the realm of research, unveiling these unexpected relationships is akin to stumbling upon a hidden treasure – both delightfully puzzling and undeniably intriguing.
It's almost as surprising as finding out that the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins have a statistical relationship stronger than a tourist's desire for a buffet after losing big at the roulette table. This peculiar pairing has led us down a path of discovery, where data analysis meets amusement, and conventional wisdom takes a vacation.
The "pupil and party paradox" – a fittingly playful name for this statistical oddity – may have you scratching your head and wondering if there's more to students and Sin City than meets the eye. It's almost as unexpected as realizing that your dear old grandpa has a stash of statistical textbooks hidden under his collection of vintage vinyl records.
As we delve into this oxymoronic correlation, we cannot help but marvel at the wondrously weird world of statistics – where unexpected connections and whimsical revelations await around every corner. Who would have thought that teenage scholars and casino-goers would be intertwined in a statistical tango as captivating as a magic show on the Strip?
Our quest to unravel this enigmatic association is not just about crunching numbers and producing graphs; it's about illuminating the unexpected, infusing a bit of levity into the sober corridors of academia, and reminding ourselves that statistical analysis can be as amusing as a stand-up comedy routine in a research lab. After all, what good is data if it doesn't surprise us from time to time? And remember, folks, statistically speaking, humor is our best bet for keeping the scholarly spirit high!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To embark on our delightful journey into the "pupil and party paradox," we employed a methodological approach that would make even the most studious statistician crack a smile. From collecting data to conducting analyses, our methods were as carefully chosen as a good punchline in a comedy club.

First, our research team meticulously combed through the archives of the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, gathering data from the years 1990 to 2013. Like archeologists unearthing ancient relics, we sifted through the digital sands of time, in search of the statistical treasures that would shed light on the perplexing correlation between high schoolers and hotel bookings. It was a bit like a quest for the statistical Holy Grail, except with fewer knights and more spreadsheets.

Having gathered our data, we then set out to unravel the "pupil and party paradox" using a statistical methodology that would be the envy of any magician performing on the Las Vegas Strip. We employed a series of mind-bending analyses, including correlation coefficients, scatter plots, and even a touch of regression analysis to untangle the web of statistical intrigue. Much like a magician's sleight of hand, our statistical techniques aimed to reveal the hidden connections between these seemingly unrelated variables, all while keeping the audience – or in this case, the scholarly community – thoroughly entertained.

For our primary analysis, we calculated the correlation coefficient between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. The results were as surprising as winning a jackpot on the slots – a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01! It was a statistical revelation that left us all scratching our heads and contemplating the peculiar ties that bind education and entertainment. It was almost as unexpected as a punchline in a science textbook!

To further explore the nuances of this paradoxical relationship, we also conducted a series of exploratory analyses, delving into the trends and patterns that emerged from the data. We visualized the data using scatter plots, creating a visual spectacle that would make even the most artistically inclined researcher take notice. The patterns that emerged were as enigmatic as a cryptic crossword puzzle, inviting us to ponder the potential mechanisms at play behind this statistical conundrum.

In conclusion, our methodology blended the precision of statistical analysis with the whimsy of a well-timed joke, leading us on a merry dance through the unexpected connections between high school demographics and hotel occupancy. We hope that our methodology not only sheds light on this peculiar pairing but also injects a touch of amusement into the hallowed halls of research. After all, in the world of statistics, as in life, a little laughter can go a long way.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY .

For the time period 1990 to 2013, you found a correlation 0.9665745, r-squared of 0.9342663, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The inherent paradoxes of statistical analysis have a knack for surprising us. Sometimes, it seems that the most unrelated variables are inexplicably entwined, revealing a connection that defies conventional logic. In the realm of research, unveiling these unexpected relationships is akin to stumbling upon a hidden treasure – both delightfully puzzling and undeniably intriguing.
It's almost as surprising as finding out that the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins have a statistical relationship stronger than a tourist's desire for a buffet after losing big at the roulette table. This peculiar pairing has led us down a path of discovery, where data analysis meets amusement, and conventional wisdom takes a vacation.
The "pupil and party paradox" – a fittingly playful name for this statistical oddity – may have you scratching your head and wondering if there's more to students and Sin City than meets the eye. It's almost as unexpected as realizing that your dear old grandpa has a stash of statistical textbooks hidden under his collection of vintage vinyl records.
As we delve into this oxymoronic correlation, we cannot help but marvel at the wondrously weird world of statistics – where unexpected connections and whimsical revelations await around every corner. Who would have thought that teenage scholars and casino-goers would be intertwined in a statistical tango as captivating as a magic show on the Strip?
Our quest to unravel this enigmatic association is not just about crunching numbers and producing graphs; it's about illuminating the unexpected, infusing a bit of levity into the sober corridors of academia, and reminding ourselves that statistical analysis can be as amusing as a stand-up comedy routine in a research lab. After all, what good is data if it doesn't surprise us from time to time? And remember, folks, statistically speaking, humor is our best bet for keeping the scholarly spirit high!

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Upon conducting our analysis, we found a remarkably robust and positively strong correlation between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins over the years 1990 to 2013. The correlation coefficient of 0.9665745, along with the r-squared value of 0.9342663, provided compelling evidence for a striking association between these two seemingly unrelated variables.

It's as if the students' academic stress levels have been co-mingling with the allure of the Vegas strip, creating a relationship as surprising as discovering a deck of statistical playing cards hidden in a magician's hat. It seems that while the students were hitting the books, a different kind of party was brewing in the city of neon lights – a statistical soiree, if you will.

Importantly, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates that this correlation is not merely a result of random chance, but rather a bona fide statistical phenomenon, as genuine as finding a statistical outlier at a blackjack table in one of the famed Vegas casinos. Our findings point to a substantial and noteworthy link between the student population and the bustling activity in the hotel industry, sparking curiosity about the underlying mechanisms at play.

Fig. 1 illustrates the exuberantly strong relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. The scatterplot showcases how these two variables dance together with an elegance as enchanting as a well-choreographed show on the Vegas stage, much like the captivating statistical tango we uncovered in our analysis.

In summary, our investigation into this unique coupling of pupil population and Sin City slumber statistics has unveiled a statistical synergy as surprising as discovering a winning lottery ticket in a calculus textbook. These results not only expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between education and entertainment but also bring a touch of humor to the world of quantitative analysis. It's clear that, just like a good dad joke, statistical relationships can hold unexpected depth and charm.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Several studies have explored the relationship between seemingly incongruous variables, but few have captured the imagination quite like the correlation between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Smith et al. (2015) cleverly examined the statistical dance between education and entertainment, uncovering a connection that defies conventional wisdom. At first glance, one might ponder the possibility of a statistical riddle as confounding as an unsolved Rubik's Cube, but as we delve deeper into the realm of statistical curiosity, the puzzle pieces start to fall into place.
In "Book," the authors find that the statistical relationship between 11th-grade students and hotel check-ins is as intriguing as a magician's disappearing act – it simply beguiles the mind. Perhaps, it's as surprising as realizing that a statistician moonlights as a stand-up comedian, weaving wit and wisdom into the fabric of data interpretation. As we knit together the threads of this statistical tapestry, we encounter unexpected twists and turns, much like stumbling upon a hidden punchline in a maze of scholarly seriousness.
Turning our attention to non-fiction literature, "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner provides insight into the idiosyncrasies of human behavior and the interconnectedness of seemingly unrelated phenomena. Applying an unconventional lens to the world of statistics, the authors invite readers on a journey of discovery, much like the one we embarked upon in our whimsical exploration of the "pupil and party paradox."
For a touch of fiction, consider the mysterious allure of "The Secret Life of Las Vegas" by Chris Abani. This enigmatic tale mirrors the puzzling nature of our statistical conundrum, where the unexpected convergence of student population and hotel check-ins unfolds like a plot twist in a gripping novel.
Taking a more unconventional approach to data collection, the research team valiantly dedicated countless hours of observation to the analysis of relevant television shows. Through careful examination of programs such as "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" and "Las Vegas," we gained unexpected insights into the vibrant tapestry of life in the City of Lights. After all, statistical exploration can be as illuminating as a well-crafted crime drama, prompting us to question reality and embrace the unexpected with a fervor as lively as a Vegas showgirl's feathered ensemble.
As we merrily tread the peculiar path of statistical exploration, let us not forget that amidst the data and decimals, a well-placed dad joke can be as delightful as a winning hand in a game of blackjack. So, dear readers, brace yourself for a statistical rollercoaster ride filled with surprises, and remember – when it comes to statistical oddities, laughter may just be the best correlation coefficient of all.

[[RESULTS]]
Upon conducting our analysis, we found a remarkably robust and positively strong correlation between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins over the years 1990 to 2013. The correlation coefficient of 0.9665745, along with the r-squared value of 0.9342663, provided compelling evidence for a striking association between these two seemingly unrelated variables.
It's as if the students' academic stress levels have been co-mingling with the allure of the Vegas strip, creating a relationship as surprising as discovering a deck of statistical playing cards hidden in a magician's hat. It seems that while the students were hitting the books, a different kind of party was brewing in the city of neon lights – a statistical soiree, if you will.
Importantly, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates that this correlation is not merely a result of random chance, but rather a bona fide statistical phenomenon, as genuine as finding a statistical outlier at a blackjack table in one of the famed Vegas casinos. Our findings point to a substantial and noteworthy link between the student population and the bustling activity in the hotel industry, sparking curiosity about the underlying mechanisms at play.
Fig. 1 illustrates the exuberantly strong relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. The scatterplot showcases how these two variables dance together with an elegance as enchanting as a well-choreographed show on the Vegas stage, much like the captivating statistical tango we uncovered in our analysis.
In summary, our investigation into this unique coupling of pupil population and Sin City slumber statistics has unveiled a statistical synergy as surprising as discovering a winning lottery ticket in a calculus textbook. These results not only expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between education and entertainment but also bring a touch of humor to the world of quantitative analysis. It's clear that, just like a good dad joke, statistical relationships can hold unexpected depth and charm.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our findings present a delightful confluence of academic pursuits and leisurely escapades, illuminating the inherent interconnectedness between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. It appears that in the grand statistical ballroom of life, these two variables have been dancing a lively waltz, their rhythms intertwining in a manner as amusing as a surprise punchline in a data-driven comedy show.

The striking correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 that emerged from our analysis serves as a remarkable testament to the robust relationship between student population and hotel check-ins. It's as if the students, engrossed in their quest for knowledge, inadvertently became statistical influencers in the city of neon lights, much like a curveball thrown into a game of probability -- a truly unexpected twist befitting a good dad joke.

Our results align with previous studies that have ventured into the murky waters of unexpected statistical connections. The work of Smith et al. (2015) and the whimsical ponderings of "Book" converge with our findings, forming a harmonious trio of statistical curiosity akin to a well-orchestrated science-themed musical. This lends substantial credence to the "pupil and party paradox," proving that this statistical enigma is not merely a statistical anomaly but a bona fide phenomenon worthy of further exploration.

The p-value of less than 0.01 further solidifies the validity of our startling correlation, much like a statistical "winning streak" at the craps table. It's as if the stars align in a statistical constellation, shining a light on the peculiar dance of academic fervor and frivolous fun on the Vegas strip, much like a well-executed magician's trick that leaves the audience in awe and chuckling in disbelief.

Furthermore, Fig. 1 showcases the enchanting duet between these seemingly disparate variables, akin to an intricate ballet performance on the stage of statistical visualization. The elegant dance of data points paints a picture as vivacious as a showgirl's feathered ensemble, encapsulating the vigor and vitality of this perplexing statistical tango to the City of Lights.

In summary, our research adds a touch of whimsy to the often stoic realm of quantitative analysis, revealing the multifaceted charm of statistical relationships as surprising as a sudden punchline in a mathematical comedy act. It invites further exploration into the enthralling paradox of education influencing entertainment, much like a clever dad joke that leaves us simultaneously scratching our heads and grinning.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a witty academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a statistics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of public school students in 11th grade and Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.

Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.

In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations."

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The inherent paradoxes of statistical analysis have a knack for surprising us. Sometimes, it seems that the most unrelated variables are inexplicably entwined, revealing a connection that defies conventional logic. In the realm of research, unveiling these unexpected relationships is akin to stumbling upon a hidden treasure – both delightfully puzzling and undeniably intriguing.
It's almost as surprising as finding out that the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins have a statistical relationship stronger than a tourist's desire for a buffet after losing big at the roulette table. This peculiar pairing has led us down a path of discovery, where data analysis meets amusement, and conventional wisdom takes a vacation.
The "pupil and party paradox" – a fittingly playful name for this statistical oddity – may have you scratching your head and wondering if there's more to students and Sin City than meets the eye. It's almost as unexpected as realizing that your dear old grandpa has a stash of statistical textbooks hidden under his collection of vintage vinyl records.
As we delve into this oxymoronic correlation, we cannot help but marvel at the wondrously weird world of statistics – where unexpected connections and whimsical revelations await around every corner. Who would have thought that teenage scholars and casino-goers would be intertwined in a statistical tango as captivating as a magic show on the Strip?
Our quest to unravel this enigmatic association is not just about crunching numbers and producing graphs; it's about illuminating the unexpected, infusing a bit of levity into the sober corridors of academia, and reminding ourselves that statistical analysis can be as amusing as a stand-up comedy routine in a research lab. After all, what good is data if it doesn't surprise us from time to time? And remember, folks, statistically speaking, humor is our best bet for keeping the scholarly spirit high!

[[RESULTS]]
Upon conducting our analysis, we found a remarkably robust and positively strong correlation between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins over the years 1990 to 2013. The correlation coefficient of 0.9665745, along with the r-squared value of 0.9342663, provided compelling evidence for a striking association between these two seemingly unrelated variables.
It's as if the students' academic stress levels have been co-mingling with the allure of the Vegas strip, creating a relationship as surprising as discovering a deck of statistical playing cards hidden in a magician's hat. It seems that while the students were hitting the books, a different kind of party was brewing in the city of neon lights – a statistical soiree, if you will.
Importantly, the p-value of less than 0.01 indicates that this correlation is not merely a result of random chance, but rather a bona fide statistical phenomenon, as genuine as finding a statistical outlier at a blackjack table in one of the famed Vegas casinos. Our findings point to a substantial and noteworthy link between the student population and the bustling activity in the hotel industry, sparking curiosity about the underlying mechanisms at play.
Fig. 1 illustrates the exuberantly strong relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. The scatterplot showcases how these two variables dance together with an elegance as enchanting as a well-choreographed show on the Vegas stage, much like the captivating statistical tango we uncovered in our analysis.
In summary, our investigation into this unique coupling of pupil population and Sin City slumber statistics has unveiled a statistical synergy as surprising as discovering a winning lottery ticket in a calculus textbook. These results not only expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between education and entertainment but also bring a touch of humor to the world of quantitative analysis. It's clear that, just like a good dad joke, statistical relationships can hold unexpected depth and charm.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

Our whimsical journey into the "pupil and party paradox" has unraveled a statistical conundrum as unexpected as finding a calculator at a blackjack table. Our findings have shed light on the unexpectedly strong connection between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins, a relationship as surprising as discovering a statistical model in a fortune cookie.

The correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 between these seemingly unrelated variables has proven to be a mathematical marvel, much like finding the punchline to a statistical joke right when you least expect it. It seems that as the students' academic pressures grew, so did the allure of the Las Vegas strip, forming an association as unexpected as finding a researcher with a penchant for puns in a lab full of serious statisticians.

In conclusion, our research not only underscores the delightful duality between education and leisure but also highlights the quirky charisma of statistical analysis. We hope that our findings bring a moment of levity to the scholarly community, much like a well-timed dad joke at a research seminar. Our statistical soiree has lit up the corridors of academia, and we are confident that no more research is needed in this area. As they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations," and our study confirms that there's more to this statement than meets the eye.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Offbeat Ocular Observations


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Sleep Study and Urban Demographics


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Peculiar Pairing: Pupil Population and Sin City Slumber Statistics with an abstract of This paper investigates the unusual yet intriguing relationship between the number of public school students in 11th grade and the number of Las Vegas hotel room check-ins. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY, we embarked on this delightfully quirky journey to uncover the underlying connection between education and entertainment. Across the years 1990 to 2013, a correlation coefficient of 0.9665745 and a p-value of less than 0.01 were calculated, pointing to a remarkably strong association between these seemingly disparate variables.
Our findings shed light on the unexpected interconnectedness of academic progress and leisurely escapades, prompting us to ponder whether late-night cram sessions might be inadvertently fueling the demand for hotel accommodations in the City of Lights. Additionally, we humorously dubbed this statistical phenomenon the "pupil and party paradox," recognizing the inherent irony of students' academic pursuits potentially contributing to the bustling hotel activity in Las Vegas.
In conclusion, this research not only unravels a statistical conundrum but also adds a touch of whimsy to the otherwise serious realm of quantitative analysis. We hope our findings bring a dash of amusement to the scholarly community and inspire further exploration into the delightful duality between education and leisure. After all, as they say, "What happens in Vegas may have something to do with high schoolers' preoccupations.

ChatGPT:

Public school students, 11th grade, pupil population, Las Vegas hotel room check-ins, National Center for Education Statistics, Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, academic progress, leisurely escapades, late-night cram sessions, statistical phenomenon, pupil and party paradox, quantitative analysis, education and leisure, correlation coefficient, statistical conundrum, whimsy in research

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Number of public school students in 11th grade
Detailed data title: 11th grade enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Number of public school students in 11th grade

Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins
Source: Las Vegas CONVENTION AND VISITORS AUTHORITY
See what else correlates with Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins

Correlation r = 0.9665745 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9342663 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 93.4% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Number of public school students in 11th grade) over the 24 years from 1990 through 2013.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 1.7E-14. 0.0000000000000171777304250257
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.97 in 1.7E-12% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 58,214,908,212,969 random variables You don't actually need 58 trillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 23 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 23 because we have two variables measured over a period of 24 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.92, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013
Number of public school students in 11th grade (Students)261163026451002655950275123027481902826020293030029719203020900303394030828403173940322887032772203369340345442035514403557480354810035409603538480354584035282603525620
Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins (Rooms)73730768797652386053885609004699072105347109365120294124270126610126787130482131503133186132605132947140529148941148935150161150481150593




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([2611630,2645100,2655950,2751230,2748190,2826020,2930300,2971920,3020900,3033940,3082840,3173940,3228870,3277220,3369340,3454420,3551440,3557480,3548100,3540960,3538480,3545840,3528260,3525620,])
array_2 = np.array([73730,76879,76523,86053,88560,90046,99072,105347,109365,120294,124270,126610,126787,130482,131503,133186,132605,132947,140529,148941,148935,150161,150481,150593,])
array_1_name = "Number of public school students in 11th grade"
array_2_name = "Number of Las Vegas Hotel Room Check-Ins"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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Correlation ID: 1075 · Black Variable ID: 1309 · Red Variable ID: 499
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