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Spurious correlation #5,817 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah and the second variable is Automotive recalls issued by Honda.  The chart goes from 1976 to 2018, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah increased, there was a corresponding surge in demands for freedom, leading to a literal 'loosening of regulations'. This newfound 'unbridled' spirit seeped into the automotive industry, prompting Honda to adopt a 'recall them if you can' approach, ultimately revving up the number of Automotive recalls. It seems like in this case, when it came to vehicle malfunctions, the political landscape was driving change in more ways than one!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Prompt: Generate an image reminiscent of a TIME magazine cover depicting a Utah landscape with a backdrop of the state Capitol building. In the foreground, illustrate a cluster of Honda cars with exaggerated and whimsical features, reflecting the "recall them if you can" approach. Show the cars with loose or missing parts, comically oversized engines, and humorous modifications, symbolizing the surge in automotive recalls amid the state's embrace of newfound freedom and libertarian influence. Capture the collision of political and automotive realms in a visually engaging and thought-provoking composition. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Oragami Whimsical illustration Celtic art Cybernetic art A TIME magazine cover image
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda, in the following situation: As Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah increased, there was a corresponding surge in demands for freedom, leading to a literal 'loosening of regulations'. This newfound 'unbridled' spirit seeped into the automotive industry, prompting Honda to adopt a 'recall them if you can' approach, ultimately revving up the number of Automotive recalls. It seems like in this case, when it came to vehicle malfunctions, the political landscape was driving change in more ways than one!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In Utah, as the votes for Libertarian Senators increased, the state government seemed to embrace a newfound sense of freedom. Regulations were literally loosened, and this sense of unbridled spirit extended to the automotive industry. Honda, in particular, adopted a "recall them if you can" approach, leading to a surge in automotive recalls. It was as if the political landscape was driving change on the roads, revving up the number of recalls and the spirit of freedom at the same time.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In Utah, as the votes for Libertarian Senators increased, the state government seemed to embrace a newfound sense of freedom. Regulations were literally loosened, and this sense of unbridled spirit extended to the automotive industry. Honda, in particular, adopted a "recall them if you can" approach, leading to a surge in automotive recalls. It was as if the political landscape was driving change on the roads, revving up the number of recalls and the spirit of freedom at the same time. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Prompt: Generate an image reminiscent of a TIME magazine cover depicting a Utah landscape with a backdrop of the state Capitol building. In the foreground, illustrate a cluster of Honda cars with exaggerated and whimsical features, reflecting the "recall them if you can" approach. Show the cars with loose or missing parts, comically oversized engines, and humorous modifications, symbolizing the surge in automotive recalls amid the state's embrace of newfound freedom and libertarian influence. Capture the collision of political and automotive realms in a visually engaging and thought-provoking composition.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah caused Automotive recalls issued by Honda to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.05)
Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls

The Journal of Eccentric Socioeconomic Correlations

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 and p < 0.05 for 1976 to 2018.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The world of academic research often leads us down curious paths, from exploring the impact of climate change on penguin populations to uncovering the correlation between coffee consumption and productivity. In our latest foray into the unexpected, we embark on a whimsical journey to investigate the peculiar link between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and automotive recalls issued by Honda. What may at first seem like a pairing as unlikely as peanut butter and pickles, this study aims to demonstrate that beneath the surface of disparate domains, a connection may just be waiting to rev its engine.

Picture this: a serene, mountainous state embracing its independent spirit, and a sleek Honda cruising along highways and biways. The intersection of these seemingly incongruent entities becomes the playground for our investigation. Using data that spans over four decades, our research team has combed through election results and automotive recall records with the fervor of a detective on the trail of a most peculiar case.

Alas, this is not a story of political intrigue or automotive espionage, but rather a quest to uncover the underlying forces that tie together the voting inclinations of Utahans and the mechanical maladies experienced by Honda vehicles. Our inquiry takes us from the bustling urban centers to the tranquil landscapes of Utah, where the scent of sagebrush mingles with the crisp mountain air, and from the bustling assembly lines of Honda factories to the cluttered desks of political strategists.

It is amidst this backdrop of seemingly incongruent elements that we unearth a correlation that surpasses mere chance – a correlation that raises eyebrows and invites side-glances. The statistically robust link between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls gives us pause, prompting a sparkle of curiosity and a whisper of potential causality lingering in the air.

Yet, before we peel back the layers of this quirky connection, we must acknowledge the limitations inherent in observational studies such as this one. Causation, as elusive as a mirage on the desert horizon, dances out of reach of the data at our disposal. However, it is precisely this uncertainty that adds a dash of intrigue to our exploration. After all, what would academia be without tantalizing mysteries and the allure of the unknown?

In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on a delightfully nonsensical yet scientifically valid escapade through the landscape of politics and automobile recalls. Our hope is that this study not only tantalizes the intellect but also tickles the funny bone, leaving readers with both a deeper appreciation for the unexpected connections in our world and a chuckle or two along the way. So strap in, dear readers, as we embark on a journey where liberty meets the garage, and where correlation meets the complexities of human behavior.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The world of academic research often leads us down curious paths, from exploring the impact of climate change on penguin populations to uncovering the correlation between coffee consumption and productivity. In our latest foray into the unexpected, we embark on a whimsical journey to investigate the peculiar link between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and automotive recalls issued by Honda. What may at first seem like a pairing as unlikely as peanut butter and pickles, this study aims to demonstrate that beneath the surface of disparate domains, a connection may just be waiting to rev its engine.
Picture this: a serene, mountainous state embracing its independent spirit, and a sleek Honda cruising along highways and biways. The intersection of these seemingly incongruent entities becomes the playground for our investigation. Using data that spans over four decades, our research team has combed through election results and automotive recall records with the fervor of a detective on the trail of a most peculiar case.
Alas, this is not a story of political intrigue or automotive espionage, but rather a quest to uncover the underlying forces that tie together the voting inclinations of Utahans and the mechanical maladies experienced by Honda vehicles. Our inquiry takes us from the bustling urban centers to the tranquil landscapes of Utah, where the scent of sagebrush mingles with the crisp mountain air, and from the bustling assembly lines of Honda factories to the cluttered desks of political strategists.
It is amidst this backdrop of seemingly incongruent elements that we unearth a correlation that surpasses mere chance – a correlation that raises eyebrows and invites side-glances. The statistically robust link between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls gives us pause, prompting a sparkle of curiosity and a whisper of potential causality lingering in the air.
Yet, before we peel back the layers of this quirky connection, we must acknowledge the limitations inherent in observational studies such as this one. Causation, as elusive as a mirage on the desert horizon, dances out of reach of the data at our disposal. However, it is precisely this uncertainty that adds a dash of intrigue to our exploration. After all, what would academia be without tantalizing mysteries and the allure of the unknown?
In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on a delightfully nonsensical yet scientifically valid escapade through the landscape of politics and automobile recalls. Our hope is that this study not only tantalizes the intellect but also tickles the funny bone, leaving readers with both a deeper appreciation for the unexpected connections in our world and a chuckle or two along the way. So strap in, dear readers, as we embark on a journey where liberty meets the garage, and where correlation meets the complexities of human behavior.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "The Political Landscape of Utah," Smith et al. examine the voting patterns in the state of Utah, shedding light on the prevalence of Libertarian votes in senatorial elections. The authors find that Libertarian candidates often garner a notable percentage of the vote, showcasing a vibrant political tapestry that encompasses a spectrum of ideologies. This rich tapestry provides the backdrop for our investigation into the connection between Libertarian votes and automotive recalls issued by Honda.

Building upon this foundation, Doe's "The Economics of Automotive Recalls" offers insights into the complexities of automotive recalls, delving into the economic implications and consumer response to such events. The study underscores the significance of automotive recalls in the consumer market, paving the way for our exploration into the whimsical relationship between political leanings and vehicular woes.

Jones' "Unlikely Correlations: Beware of the Black Swan" implores readers to remain vigilant against accepting spurious correlations at face value, as unexpected associations may lurk in the data. While the study delves into broader phenomena, it serves as a pertinent reminder of the need for cautious interpretation in our investigation of the connection between Libertarian votes and Honda recalls.

Venturing beyond academic studies, we turn to "The Art of the Deal" by Trump, which, while not a scholarly publication, provides an unorthodox yet insightful perspective on the strategic maneuvers underpinning political campaigns. Although the book may seem far-removed from our research topic, it invites us to ponder the intricate dance of political negotiations and the unforeseen consequences that might ripple through diverse domains.

On the fiction front, "Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us" by Pink offers an unconventional lens through which to view the world of automotive recalls. While a work of fiction, the book's exploration of human motivation and behavior serves as a whimsical muse for contemplating the interplay of political motivations and automotive mishaps. In a similarly lighthearted vein, "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" by Pirsig invites us to ponder the philosophical underpinnings of mechanical and human intricacies, beckoning us to consider the unexpected parallels drawn from this timeless pursuit.

Drawing inspiration from an unexpected realm, the board game "Crazy Car Chaos" playfully mirrors the unpredictability of automotive mechanics and the political arena. The game's capricious twists and turns serve as a playful reminder of the delightful absurdity encapsulated in our exploration of the seemingly incongruous connection between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls.

As we navigate through this eclectic collection of literature and sources, we are reminded that academia, much like life itself, is an enchanting blend of the serious and the whimsical. The sources we have encountered not only inform our investigation but also infuse it with a dash of levity, underscoring the delightful and unexpected connections that await in the most unassuming of places.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT . You used data from 1976 to 2018

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The world of academic research often leads us down curious paths, from exploring the impact of climate change on penguin populations to uncovering the correlation between coffee consumption and productivity. In our latest foray into the unexpected, we embark on a whimsical journey to investigate the peculiar link between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and automotive recalls issued by Honda. What may at first seem like a pairing as unlikely as peanut butter and pickles, this study aims to demonstrate that beneath the surface of disparate domains, a connection may just be waiting to rev its engine.
Picture this: a serene, mountainous state embracing its independent spirit, and a sleek Honda cruising along highways and biways. The intersection of these seemingly incongruent entities becomes the playground for our investigation. Using data that spans over four decades, our research team has combed through election results and automotive recall records with the fervor of a detective on the trail of a most peculiar case.
Alas, this is not a story of political intrigue or automotive espionage, but rather a quest to uncover the underlying forces that tie together the voting inclinations of Utahans and the mechanical maladies experienced by Honda vehicles. Our inquiry takes us from the bustling urban centers to the tranquil landscapes of Utah, where the scent of sagebrush mingles with the crisp mountain air, and from the bustling assembly lines of Honda factories to the cluttered desks of political strategists.
It is amidst this backdrop of seemingly incongruent elements that we unearth a correlation that surpasses mere chance – a correlation that raises eyebrows and invites side-glances. The statistically robust link between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls gives us pause, prompting a sparkle of curiosity and a whisper of potential causality lingering in the air.
Yet, before we peel back the layers of this quirky connection, we must acknowledge the limitations inherent in observational studies such as this one. Causation, as elusive as a mirage on the desert horizon, dances out of reach of the data at our disposal. However, it is precisely this uncertainty that adds a dash of intrigue to our exploration. After all, what would academia be without tantalizing mysteries and the allure of the unknown?
In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on a delightfully nonsensical yet scientifically valid escapade through the landscape of politics and automobile recalls. Our hope is that this study not only tantalizes the intellect but also tickles the funny bone, leaving readers with both a deeper appreciation for the unexpected connections in our world and a chuckle or two along the way. So strap in, dear readers, as we embark on a journey where liberty meets the garage, and where correlation meets the complexities of human behavior.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

METHODOLOGY

Data Collection

Our research team embarked on a whimsical data collection journey, scouring the depths of the internet and navigating the information highways with the agility of a sleek Honda. We gathered data from reputable sources, including the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, the Harvard Dataverse, and the US Department of Transportation. In true academic fashion, our data collection process involved sifting through the digital landscape with the meticulousness of a librarian organizing a cabinet of Curious George books – albeit with a more scholarly objective.

The dataset encompassed the period from 1976 to 2018, providing a comprehensive temporal scope for our investigation. This timeline allowed us to capture the nuances of political shifts and automotive developments, akin to observing the evolution of a chameleon's color palette over the years. While the connection between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls may seem as unlikely as finding a garden gnome in a crop circle, we approached our data collection with the seriousness befitting a scholarly endeavor – well, mostly.

Data Analysis

With our data collection efforts rivaling a scavenger hunt of academic proportions, we proceeded to conduct a rigorous analysis to unravel the quirky connection between political preferences and vehicular mishaps. The intersection of quantitative methodology and offbeat subject matter demanded an approach that balanced statistical rigor with a lighthearted sensibility.

To assess the relationship between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Honda recalls, we employed a variety of statistical techniques – certainly enough to make a seasoned statistician crack a knowing smile. Our analysis involved calculating correlation coefficients, delving into linear regression models, and performing hypothesis tests with the precision of a surgeon wielding a statistical scalpel. The measures of association and significance were scrutinized as attentively as a detective examining a peculiar clue in a mystery novel.

Given the nature of our research inquiry, we embraced the potential for unexpected discoveries and the allure of statistical anomalies. Thus, while maintaining methodological rigor, we allowed a dash of whimsy to flavor our analytical proceedings – because after all, what's academia without a sprinkle of intellectual mischief?

Limitations

It would be remiss not to acknowledge the limitations inherent in our study, akin to approaching a buffet with the regrettable awareness of one's own finite appetite. As an observational study, our findings are entangled within the web of correlation without being untangled by the thread of causation. The shimmering mirage of causality dances just beyond the reach of our dataset, leaving us with an intellectual itch that can't quite be scratched.

As with any captivating caper, our investigation presents its fair share of unanswered questions and enigmatic nuances. However, it is precisely this air of mystery that infuses our study with an aura of scholarly delight, akin to the lingering charm of a Sherlock Holmes whodunit.

In conclusion, our methodological approach sought to blend academic rigor with a whimsical spirit, embracing the unexpected and reveling in the quirky nuances of our subject matter – much like a librarian discovering a hidden nook of whimsical literature. With a wink and a nod to the unpredictable correlations that dwell in the heart of scholarly exploration, we embark on the journey of data analysis, armed with statistical tools and a penchant for the delightfully peculiar. So, dear readers, fasten your seatbelts and prepare to traverse the terrain where political liberty meets the garage, and where the unexpected connections of our world invite both scholarly contemplation and a mischievous chuckle.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse and US DOT .

For the time period 1976 to 2018, you found a correlation 0.9096964, r-squared of 0.8275476, and p < 0.05.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The world of academic research often leads us down curious paths, from exploring the impact of climate change on penguin populations to uncovering the correlation between coffee consumption and productivity. In our latest foray into the unexpected, we embark on a whimsical journey to investigate the peculiar link between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and automotive recalls issued by Honda. What may at first seem like a pairing as unlikely as peanut butter and pickles, this study aims to demonstrate that beneath the surface of disparate domains, a connection may just be waiting to rev its engine.
Picture this: a serene, mountainous state embracing its independent spirit, and a sleek Honda cruising along highways and biways. The intersection of these seemingly incongruent entities becomes the playground for our investigation. Using data that spans over four decades, our research team has combed through election results and automotive recall records with the fervor of a detective on the trail of a most peculiar case.
Alas, this is not a story of political intrigue or automotive espionage, but rather a quest to uncover the underlying forces that tie together the voting inclinations of Utahans and the mechanical maladies experienced by Honda vehicles. Our inquiry takes us from the bustling urban centers to the tranquil landscapes of Utah, where the scent of sagebrush mingles with the crisp mountain air, and from the bustling assembly lines of Honda factories to the cluttered desks of political strategists.
It is amidst this backdrop of seemingly incongruent elements that we unearth a correlation that surpasses mere chance – a correlation that raises eyebrows and invites side-glances. The statistically robust link between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls gives us pause, prompting a sparkle of curiosity and a whisper of potential causality lingering in the air.
Yet, before we peel back the layers of this quirky connection, we must acknowledge the limitations inherent in observational studies such as this one. Causation, as elusive as a mirage on the desert horizon, dances out of reach of the data at our disposal. However, it is precisely this uncertainty that adds a dash of intrigue to our exploration. After all, what would academia be without tantalizing mysteries and the allure of the unknown?
In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on a delightfully nonsensical yet scientifically valid escapade through the landscape of politics and automobile recalls. Our hope is that this study not only tantalizes the intellect but also tickles the funny bone, leaving readers with both a deeper appreciation for the unexpected connections in our world and a chuckle or two along the way. So strap in, dear readers, as we embark on a journey where liberty meets the garage, and where correlation meets the complexities of human behavior.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data collected from 1976 to 2018 revealed a surprising and remarkably strong correlation between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the automotive recalls issued by Honda. The correlation coefficient calculated was 0.9096964, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This substantial correlation was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.8275476, implying that approximately 83% of the variability in automotive recalls by Honda can be explained by variation in Libertarian votes in Utah.

To visually depict this unexpected linkage, a scatterplot was created (Fig. 1). The scatterplot illustrates the tight clustering of data points, highlighting the unmistakable trend that emerged during our analysis. However, please note that this association does not imply a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables, but it does raise eyebrows and tickle the imagination.

This unanticipated correlation challenges conventional wisdom and underscores the fascinating complexity of human behavior and its potential impact on automotive industry trends. While we eagerly share these compelling results, we must also acknowledge the inherently whimsical nature of this investigation, which reminds us that research can often uncover unexpected connections in the most remarkable of places.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "The Political Landscape of Utah," Smith et al. examine the voting patterns in the state of Utah, shedding light on the prevalence of Libertarian votes in senatorial elections. The authors find that Libertarian candidates often garner a notable percentage of the vote, showcasing a vibrant political tapestry that encompasses a spectrum of ideologies. This rich tapestry provides the backdrop for our investigation into the connection between Libertarian votes and automotive recalls issued by Honda.
Building upon this foundation, Doe's "The Economics of Automotive Recalls" offers insights into the complexities of automotive recalls, delving into the economic implications and consumer response to such events. The study underscores the significance of automotive recalls in the consumer market, paving the way for our exploration into the whimsical relationship between political leanings and vehicular woes.
Jones' "Unlikely Correlations: Beware of the Black Swan" implores readers to remain vigilant against accepting spurious correlations at face value, as unexpected associations may lurk in the data. While the study delves into broader phenomena, it serves as a pertinent reminder of the need for cautious interpretation in our investigation of the connection between Libertarian votes and Honda recalls.
Venturing beyond academic studies, we turn to "The Art of the Deal" by Trump, which, while not a scholarly publication, provides an unorthodox yet insightful perspective on the strategic maneuvers underpinning political campaigns. Although the book may seem far-removed from our research topic, it invites us to ponder the intricate dance of political negotiations and the unforeseen consequences that might ripple through diverse domains.
On the fiction front, "Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us" by Pink offers an unconventional lens through which to view the world of automotive recalls. While a work of fiction, the book's exploration of human motivation and behavior serves as a whimsical muse for contemplating the interplay of political motivations and automotive mishaps. In a similarly lighthearted vein, "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" by Pirsig invites us to ponder the philosophical underpinnings of mechanical and human intricacies, beckoning us to consider the unexpected parallels drawn from this timeless pursuit.
Drawing inspiration from an unexpected realm, the board game "Crazy Car Chaos" playfully mirrors the unpredictability of automotive mechanics and the political arena. The game's capricious twists and turns serve as a playful reminder of the delightful absurdity encapsulated in our exploration of the seemingly incongruous connection between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls.
As we navigate through this eclectic collection of literature and sources, we are reminded that academia, much like life itself, is an enchanting blend of the serious and the whimsical. The sources we have encountered not only inform our investigation but also infuse it with a dash of levity, underscoring the delightful and unexpected connections that await in the most unassuming of places.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from 1976 to 2018 revealed a surprising and remarkably strong correlation between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the automotive recalls issued by Honda. The correlation coefficient calculated was 0.9096964, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This substantial correlation was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.8275476, implying that approximately 83% of the variability in automotive recalls by Honda can be explained by variation in Libertarian votes in Utah.
To visually depict this unexpected linkage, a scatterplot was created (Fig. 1). The scatterplot illustrates the tight clustering of data points, highlighting the unmistakable trend that emerged during our analysis. However, please note that this association does not imply a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables, but it does raise eyebrows and tickle the imagination.
This unanticipated correlation challenges conventional wisdom and underscores the fascinating complexity of human behavior and its potential impact on automotive industry trends. While we eagerly share these compelling results, we must also acknowledge the inherently whimsical nature of this investigation, which reminds us that research can often uncover unexpected connections in the most remarkable of places.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

In the tradition of unexpected connections, our discussion reflects on the entwined paths of Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls. The robust correlation we uncovered between these anomalies aligns with the precedent set by Smith et al.'s findings on the multifaceted political landscape of Utah. As their work illuminated the colorful fabric of ideologies, it seems that some threads, although peculiar, weave together in surprising ways, akin to an eccentric quilt assembled by a mischievous seamstress.

Doe's insights into the intricate economics of automotive recalls also find resonance in our findings. Just as Doe emphasized the enormity of recalls in the consumer market, our study uncovers the quirky dance of political leanings influencing these automotive tribulations. If one were to relate this to a car metaphor, it's as if the political spectrum's eccentric wheel alignments are directing the course of vehicular recalls down a whimsical road of uncertainty.

Moreover, Jones' poignant warning against accepting spurious correlations rings especially true in our discovery of the unanticipated link between Libertarian votes and Honda recalls. We must tread carefully when navigating such quirky associations, much like driving a vehicle with unexpected maneuverability - caution is key, even when embarked on a lighthearted journey.

In light of these insights, we also draw inspiration from unconventional sources, such as the musings of Trump and the whimsical wisdom in Pink's work. This eclectic blend of literature underscores the quintessence of our pursuit – playfully probing the depths of unexpected connections and the playful absurdity encapsulated within them.

As we reflect on our results, we must acknowledge the inherent caprice of this investigation. While the causal underpinnings of our correlation remain as elusive as the allure of a unicorn, our study jovially showcases that even in the most ostensibly serious of realms, there may lie a kernel of delightfully unexpected whimsy.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and Automotive recalls issued by Honda. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The world of academic research often leads us down curious paths, from exploring the impact of climate change on penguin populations to uncovering the correlation between coffee consumption and productivity. In our latest foray into the unexpected, we embark on a whimsical journey to investigate the peculiar link between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and automotive recalls issued by Honda. What may at first seem like a pairing as unlikely as peanut butter and pickles, this study aims to demonstrate that beneath the surface of disparate domains, a connection may just be waiting to rev its engine.
Picture this: a serene, mountainous state embracing its independent spirit, and a sleek Honda cruising along highways and biways. The intersection of these seemingly incongruent entities becomes the playground for our investigation. Using data that spans over four decades, our research team has combed through election results and automotive recall records with the fervor of a detective on the trail of a most peculiar case.
Alas, this is not a story of political intrigue or automotive espionage, but rather a quest to uncover the underlying forces that tie together the voting inclinations of Utahans and the mechanical maladies experienced by Honda vehicles. Our inquiry takes us from the bustling urban centers to the tranquil landscapes of Utah, where the scent of sagebrush mingles with the crisp mountain air, and from the bustling assembly lines of Honda factories to the cluttered desks of political strategists.
It is amidst this backdrop of seemingly incongruent elements that we unearth a correlation that surpasses mere chance – a correlation that raises eyebrows and invites side-glances. The statistically robust link between Libertarian votes in Utah and Honda recalls gives us pause, prompting a sparkle of curiosity and a whisper of potential causality lingering in the air.
Yet, before we peel back the layers of this quirky connection, we must acknowledge the limitations inherent in observational studies such as this one. Causation, as elusive as a mirage on the desert horizon, dances out of reach of the data at our disposal. However, it is precisely this uncertainty that adds a dash of intrigue to our exploration. After all, what would academia be without tantalizing mysteries and the allure of the unknown?
In the pages that follow, we invite you to join us on a delightfully nonsensical yet scientifically valid escapade through the landscape of politics and automobile recalls. Our hope is that this study not only tantalizes the intellect but also tickles the funny bone, leaving readers with both a deeper appreciation for the unexpected connections in our world and a chuckle or two along the way. So strap in, dear readers, as we embark on a journey where liberty meets the garage, and where correlation meets the complexities of human behavior.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data collected from 1976 to 2018 revealed a surprising and remarkably strong correlation between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the automotive recalls issued by Honda. The correlation coefficient calculated was 0.9096964, indicating a robust relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. This substantial correlation was further supported by an r-squared value of 0.8275476, implying that approximately 83% of the variability in automotive recalls by Honda can be explained by variation in Libertarian votes in Utah.
To visually depict this unexpected linkage, a scatterplot was created (Fig. 1). The scatterplot illustrates the tight clustering of data points, highlighting the unmistakable trend that emerged during our analysis. However, please note that this association does not imply a cause-and-effect relationship between the two variables, but it does raise eyebrows and tickle the imagination.
This unanticipated correlation challenges conventional wisdom and underscores the fascinating complexity of human behavior and its potential impact on automotive industry trends. While we eagerly share these compelling results, we must also acknowledge the inherently whimsical nature of this investigation, which reminds us that research can often uncover unexpected connections in the most remarkable of places.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has uncovered a correlation between Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and automotive recalls issued by Honda that is as sturdy as a reliable car engine – pun intended. The statistically robust relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables raises fascinating questions and teases the imagination. While this correlation does not prove causation, it does add a dash of whimsy to the world of statistical analysis, reminding us that even in the world of data, surprises may await at every turn.

This unexpected connection between political leanings and automotive mishaps opens up a Pandora's box of potential underlying factors. Could it be that a rebellious spirit and a penchant for individualism somehow find their way from the voting booth to the assembly line? Or perhaps there's a spirited debate on personal freedoms taking place both in the political arena and among the gears and pistons of Honda vehicles.

While we cannot definitively answer these questions with our current data, we can certainly appreciate the joy of stumbling upon such an unusually strong statistical relationship. It's like finding a hidden Easter egg in an academic research paper – a delightful surprise that prompts a chuckle and a raised eyebrow.

So, let our findings serve as a light-hearted reminder that the world of research is not always as somber as a library at midnight. Sometimes, it's as quirky as a Utah Senator casting a vote and a Honda vehicle issuing a recall in harmony. And as for the future of this research, we confidently assert that there's no need to keep delving into this peculiar connection – for now, let this charming oddity stand as a testament to the whimsical side of scholarly pursuits.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Eccentric Socioeconomic Correlations


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Eccentric Social Science Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Liberty in the Garage: A Quirky Connection Between Libertarian Votes in Utah and Honda Recalls with an abstract of In a whimsical exploration of seemingly unrelated phenomena, this study delves into the intriguing relationship between the number of Libertarian votes for Senators in Utah and the occurrence of automotive recalls issued by Honda. Using data gathered from the MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, and US DOT, our research team conducted a thorough analysis from 1976 to 2018. Surprisingly, a strong correlation coefficient of 0.9096964 was found, with a p-value of less than 0.05, suggesting a statistically significant relationship between these two variables. While causation cannot be inferred from this correlation, the findings of this research serve as a reminder that hidden connections may exist in the most unexpected places – even between politics and car troubles. This study aims to shed light on this whimsical link and contribute to the growing body of interdisciplinary research, leaving readers with both laughter and food for thought.

ChatGPT:

libertarian votes Utah, Honda recalls correlation, politics automotive industry, Libertarian party Utah, correlation coefficient political voting, US Senate elections Utah, Honda automotive recalls, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse, US DOT data analysis

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah
Detailed data title: Total number of votes cast for Federal Libertarian Senate candidates in Utah
Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Harvard Dataverse
See what else correlates with Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah

Automotive recalls issued by Honda
Detailed data title: Automotive recals issued by Honda
Source: US DOT
See what else correlates with Automotive recalls issued by Honda

Correlation r = 0.9096964 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8275476 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 82.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Automotive recalls issued by Honda) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah) over the 6 years from 1976 through 2018.

p < 0.05, which statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.012. 0.0118638962273949120000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 1.2% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 84 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 5 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 5 because we have two variables measured over a period of 6 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.37, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
198219861992200020062018
Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah (Total votes)103530231434110394442827607
Automotive recalls issued by Honda (Recalls)1238323




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Very low n: There are not many data points included in this analysis. Even if the p-value is high, we should be suspicious of using so few datapoints in a correlation.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1035,3023,14341,10394,4428,27607,])
array_2 = np.array([1,2,3,8,3,23,])
array_1_name = "Votes for Libertarian Senators in Utah"
array_2_name = "Automotive recalls issued by Honda"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 5817 · Black Variable ID: 26322 · Red Variable ID: 1123
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