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Spurious correlation #5,572 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Master's degrees awarded in Library science and the second variable is Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona.  The chart goes from 2012 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of Master's degrees awarded in Library Science decreased, so did the production of overly long and boring research papers. This led to a reduced demand for printing, ultimately lowering the amount of paper and ink particles released into the air. Without these microscopic literary emissions, Sierra Vista, Arizona experienced a noticeable decrease in air pollution. The plot thickens as the air quality clears, leaving us to shelve this unexpected correlation in the annals of academic curiosities.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Concept art ] Generate an image of a library in Sierra Vista, Arizona, where a student is receiving a Master's degree in Library Science. As the graduation ceremony concludes, depict the stacks of long and boring research papers subtly dwindling. At the same time, illustrate the air outside the library clearing up, with the smog dissipating. Show the correlation between the decrease in Master's degrees awarded in Library Science and the reduction in air pollution in Sierra Vista becoming apparent, creating a surprising link between academic pursuits and environmental impact. Ensure that the visual depiction is simple yet impactful, without including any words or speech bubbles. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Magic realism Concept art a funny image you would see on reddit Data cyber art Parallax art
ChatGPT: Concept art

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona, in the following situation: As the number of Master's degrees awarded in Library Science decreased, so did the production of overly long and boring research papers. This led to a reduced demand for printing, ultimately lowering the amount of paper and ink particles released into the air. Without these microscopic literary emissions, Sierra Vista, Arizona experienced a noticeable decrease in air pollution. The plot thickens as the air quality clears, leaving us to shelve this unexpected correlation in the annals of academic curiosities.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a library in Sierra Vista, Arizona, a student receives a Master's degree in Library Science. As the graduation ceremony ends, the stacks of long and boring research papers start to dwindle. Simultaneously, the air outside clears up, and the smog starts to dissipate. The correlation between the decrease in Master's degrees awarded in Library Science and the reduction in air pollution in Sierra Vista becomes apparent, creating a surprising link between academic pursuits and environmental impact.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Concept art ] and depicting this scene: In a library in Sierra Vista, Arizona, a student receives a Master's degree in Library Science. As the graduation ceremony ends, the stacks of long and boring research papers start to dwindle. Simultaneously, the air outside clears up, and the smog starts to dissipate. The correlation between the decrease in Master's degrees awarded in Library Science and the reduction in air pollution in Sierra Vista becomes apparent, creating a surprising link between academic pursuits and environmental impact. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Concept art ] Generate an image of a library in Sierra Vista, Arizona, where a student is receiving a Master's degree in Library Science. As the graduation ceremony concludes, depict the stacks of long and boring research papers subtly dwindling. At the same time, illustrate the air outside the library clearing up, with the smog dissipating. Show the correlation between the decrease in Master's degrees awarded in Library Science and the reduction in air pollution in Sierra Vista becoming apparent, creating a surprising link between academic pursuits and environmental impact. Ensure that the visual depiction is simple yet impactful, without including any words or speech bubbles.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in Master's degrees awarded in Library science caused Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona to decrease.\Make it sound serious until the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

The Journal of Eclectic Environmental Studies

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title a clever pun.

Your research team used data from National Center for Education Statistics and Environmental Protection Agency to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 and p < 0.01 for 2012 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Despite their seemingly disparate nature, the realms of academia and environmental science occasionally intersect in unforeseen and fascinating ways. The correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, is a prime example of such an unexpected connection. It's as unexpected as finding a book on reverse psychology -- and realizing you don't want to read it.

As researchers, we are often taught to "shelve" our preconceived notions and delve deeply into the data. In doing so, we were able to unearth a relationship that may appear as unlikely as finding a novel about computational linguistics in the fiction section – it may seem out of place, but it has its own logic and structure.

We embarked on this research endeavor with the goal of shedding some light on the relationship, and just like using an old catalog system, we certainly stumbled upon some interesting findings. It's almost like the Dewey Decimal System decided to lend us a helping hand in navigating through this unexpected correlation.

While investigations into interdisciplinary topics may sometimes feel like trying to find a specific article in a large academic library without a search function, our study presents a clear and compelling examination of the connection between educational achievements and environmental conditions. It's as clear as a well-organized library – a breath of fresh air, despite the pollution-related subject matter.

With this paper, we aim to demonstrate that, like a well-designed research study, unexpected connections can yield fruitful insights. And who knows, perhaps our findings will inspire others to delve into their own unexpected research topics – just like uncovering a hidden gem in the stacks. Stay tuned for some "novel" ideas about the fusion of seemingly unrelated fields.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading the backs of shampoo bottles.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Despite their seemingly disparate nature, the realms of academia and environmental science occasionally intersect in unforeseen and fascinating ways. The correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, is a prime example of such an unexpected connection. It's as unexpected as finding a book on reverse psychology -- and realizing you don't want to read it.
As researchers, we are often taught to "shelve" our preconceived notions and delve deeply into the data. In doing so, we were able to unearth a relationship that may appear as unlikely as finding a novel about computational linguistics in the fiction section – it may seem out of place, but it has its own logic and structure.
We embarked on this research endeavor with the goal of shedding some light on the relationship, and just like using an old catalog system, we certainly stumbled upon some interesting findings. It's almost like the Dewey Decimal System decided to lend us a helping hand in navigating through this unexpected correlation.
While investigations into interdisciplinary topics may sometimes feel like trying to find a specific article in a large academic library without a search function, our study presents a clear and compelling examination of the connection between educational achievements and environmental conditions. It's as clear as a well-organized library – a breath of fresh air, despite the pollution-related subject matter.
With this paper, we aim to demonstrate that, like a well-designed research study, unexpected connections can yield fruitful insights. And who knows, perhaps our findings will inspire others to delve into their own unexpected research topics – just like uncovering a hidden gem in the stacks. Stay tuned for some "novel" ideas about the fusion of seemingly unrelated fields.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Several scholarly works have delved into the topic of educational attainment and its impact on environmental factors. Smith and Doe (2015) examined the relationship between postgraduate degrees and air quality, finding a significant negative correlation in urban areas. Jones (2018) expanded on this topic by exploring the influence of academic achievements on atmospheric conditions, uncovering notable associations in various regions.

Moving beyond the immediate academic literature, "The Air We Breathe: A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Pollution" by Green et al. (2017) offers a comprehensive overview of air quality dynamics. Similarly, "The Library Chronicles: An Exploration of Knowledge Acquisition and Information Management" by Parker (2016) provides insights into the educational landscape of library science.

Transitioning to fictional narratives, "The Airbender's Handbook" by Aang (2005) presents an imaginative account of a world where environmental elements are controlled through ancient knowledge. This narrative challenges conventional concepts of environmental influence and human intelligence. Furthermore, "The Dewey Decimal Debacle" by Reader (2019) offers a tongue-in-cheek look at the quirky escapades of librarians amidst unforeseen environmental phenomena.

Going further afield, the researchers engaged in an unconventional exploration of the link between Master's degrees in library science and air pollution by perusing the back covers of shampoo bottles and discovering an unexpectedly high concentration of polysyllabic substances. These substances, while not directly linked to educational achievements, may have inadvertently contributed to the humorous tone of this section.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Environmental Protection Agency . You used data from 2012 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Despite their seemingly disparate nature, the realms of academia and environmental science occasionally intersect in unforeseen and fascinating ways. The correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, is a prime example of such an unexpected connection. It's as unexpected as finding a book on reverse psychology -- and realizing you don't want to read it.
As researchers, we are often taught to "shelve" our preconceived notions and delve deeply into the data. In doing so, we were able to unearth a relationship that may appear as unlikely as finding a novel about computational linguistics in the fiction section – it may seem out of place, but it has its own logic and structure.
We embarked on this research endeavor with the goal of shedding some light on the relationship, and just like using an old catalog system, we certainly stumbled upon some interesting findings. It's almost like the Dewey Decimal System decided to lend us a helping hand in navigating through this unexpected correlation.
While investigations into interdisciplinary topics may sometimes feel like trying to find a specific article in a large academic library without a search function, our study presents a clear and compelling examination of the connection between educational achievements and environmental conditions. It's as clear as a well-organized library – a breath of fresh air, despite the pollution-related subject matter.
With this paper, we aim to demonstrate that, like a well-designed research study, unexpected connections can yield fruitful insights. And who knows, perhaps our findings will inspire others to delve into their own unexpected research topics – just like uncovering a hidden gem in the stacks. Stay tuned for some "novel" ideas about the fusion of seemingly unrelated fields.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

The methodology employed in this research endeavor aimed to rigorously analyze the relationship between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. The data utilized in this study was collected from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency, spanning from 2012 to 2021, providing a comprehensive range of information to conduct a thorough analysis. It was almost as if we were assembling a complex puzzle, except the pieces were statistics and air quality measurements.

To establish the degree of correlation between the variables, an extensive statistical analysis was carried out. First, the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science was obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics, and the air pollution data, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, was sourced from the Environmental Protection Agency. These data were then meticulously organized and formatted, akin to arranging books in a carefully curated collection – though, in this case, the "collection" involved air quality measurements. It's like categorizing books, but instead, we were categorizing atmospheric pollutants.

Following data collection, the statistical analyses were conducted using advanced software. The relationship between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels was examined using correlation analysis and regression modeling. This process revealed a remarkably strong and statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01, suggesting a robust association between the variables. The results were as clear as well-labeled bookshelves in a library – no need to dust off any doubt there!

In order to further validate the findings and ensure the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were performed. These analyses involved testing the stability of the correlation under various scenarios, including different time frames and statistical methodologies. The results consistently indicated a substantial relationship between the variables, akin to repeatedly finding the same book recommendation regardless of which shelf you browse. It's like cross-referencing sources to ensure the accuracy of a research paper – except our sources were correlated variables.

Furthermore, to account for potential confounding factors and spurious correlations, additional statistical controls were implemented. This process involved adjusting for relevant demographic and environmental variables that could influence both the educational attainment and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista. The inclusion of these controls provided a more nuanced understanding of the relationship, akin to using footnotes to provide context and clarify any ambiguities in a research paper.

Overall, the methodological approach undertaken in this study meticulously examined the connection between Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista. The rigorous statistical analyses, robust sensitivity testing, and meticulous control measures allowed for a comprehensive and insightful investigation into this unconventional and thought-provoking relationship. It's as if we curated a unique blend of statistical methods, environmental data, and academic achievements – a true masterpiece of interdisciplinary research!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from National Center for Education Statistics and Environmental Protection Agency .

For the time period 2012 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.8869279, r-squared of 0.7866410, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Despite their seemingly disparate nature, the realms of academia and environmental science occasionally intersect in unforeseen and fascinating ways. The correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, is a prime example of such an unexpected connection. It's as unexpected as finding a book on reverse psychology -- and realizing you don't want to read it.
As researchers, we are often taught to "shelve" our preconceived notions and delve deeply into the data. In doing so, we were able to unearth a relationship that may appear as unlikely as finding a novel about computational linguistics in the fiction section – it may seem out of place, but it has its own logic and structure.
We embarked on this research endeavor with the goal of shedding some light on the relationship, and just like using an old catalog system, we certainly stumbled upon some interesting findings. It's almost like the Dewey Decimal System decided to lend us a helping hand in navigating through this unexpected correlation.
While investigations into interdisciplinary topics may sometimes feel like trying to find a specific article in a large academic library without a search function, our study presents a clear and compelling examination of the connection between educational achievements and environmental conditions. It's as clear as a well-organized library – a breath of fresh air, despite the pollution-related subject matter.
With this paper, we aim to demonstrate that, like a well-designed research study, unexpected connections can yield fruitful insights. And who knows, perhaps our findings will inspire others to delve into their own unexpected research topics – just like uncovering a hidden gem in the stacks. Stay tuned for some "novel" ideas about the fusion of seemingly unrelated fields.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279. This suggests that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increased over the study period, so did the air pollution levels in the region. One might say the impact of library science on air quality was quite "novel."

The r-squared value of 0.7866410 indicated that approximately 78.66% of the variability in air pollution levels in Sierra Vista could be explained by the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science. It seems that education in library science was not only stacking up degrees but also influencing the atmospheric conditions in an unforeseen way. This relationship is as intriguing as discovering a book that's so good, you just can't put it down - much like the impact of library science on air pollution!

Furthermore, the statistical significance of this relationship, with p < 0.01, reinforces the robustness of the findings. It is as if the data were saying, "Don't take me for 'granite' – this relationship is the real 'schist'!" (geological pun intended).

The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually illustrates the strong positive correlation between the two variables, with Master's degrees in library science increasing alongside air pollution levels. It is clear that the relationship between these seemingly unrelated factors is more than just a "shelf expression" of statistical coincidence.

Intriguingly, these findings add a new chapter to the story of environmental impact, highlighting the unexpected influence of educational achievements on local air quality. It seems that the impact of education on the environment is quite "aerosol-utely" worth further exploration - demonstrating that the intersection of these disciplines may turn a new leaf in the field of environmental research.

In conclusion, our study unveils the surprising connection between academic accomplishments in library science and atmospheric conditions in Sierra Vista, prompting further exploration in this "compelling narrative" of interdisciplinary research. It seems that in the library of life, the chapters written by education and environmental science may be closely intertwined, offering a "shelf-help" guide to uncovering unanticipated relationships.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Several scholarly works have delved into the topic of educational attainment and its impact on environmental factors. Smith and Doe (2015) examined the relationship between postgraduate degrees and air quality, finding a significant negative correlation in urban areas. Jones (2018) expanded on this topic by exploring the influence of academic achievements on atmospheric conditions, uncovering notable associations in various regions.
Moving beyond the immediate academic literature, "The Air We Breathe: A Comprehensive Analysis of Environmental Pollution" by Green et al. (2017) offers a comprehensive overview of air quality dynamics. Similarly, "The Library Chronicles: An Exploration of Knowledge Acquisition and Information Management" by Parker (2016) provides insights into the educational landscape of library science.
Transitioning to fictional narratives, "The Airbender's Handbook" by Aang (2005) presents an imaginative account of a world where environmental elements are controlled through ancient knowledge. This narrative challenges conventional concepts of environmental influence and human intelligence. Furthermore, "The Dewey Decimal Debacle" by Reader (2019) offers a tongue-in-cheek look at the quirky escapades of librarians amidst unforeseen environmental phenomena.
Going further afield, the researchers engaged in an unconventional exploration of the link between Master's degrees in library science and air pollution by perusing the back covers of shampoo bottles and discovering an unexpectedly high concentration of polysyllabic substances. These substances, while not directly linked to educational achievements, may have inadvertently contributed to the humorous tone of this section.

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279. This suggests that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increased over the study period, so did the air pollution levels in the region. One might say the impact of library science on air quality was quite "novel."
The r-squared value of 0.7866410 indicated that approximately 78.66% of the variability in air pollution levels in Sierra Vista could be explained by the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science. It seems that education in library science was not only stacking up degrees but also influencing the atmospheric conditions in an unforeseen way. This relationship is as intriguing as discovering a book that's so good, you just can't put it down - much like the impact of library science on air pollution!
Furthermore, the statistical significance of this relationship, with p < 0.01, reinforces the robustness of the findings. It is as if the data were saying, "Don't take me for 'granite' – this relationship is the real 'schist'!" (geological pun intended).
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually illustrates the strong positive correlation between the two variables, with Master's degrees in library science increasing alongside air pollution levels. It is clear that the relationship between these seemingly unrelated factors is more than just a "shelf expression" of statistical coincidence.
Intriguingly, these findings add a new chapter to the story of environmental impact, highlighting the unexpected influence of educational achievements on local air quality. It seems that the impact of education on the environment is quite "aerosol-utely" worth further exploration - demonstrating that the intersection of these disciplines may turn a new leaf in the field of environmental research.
In conclusion, our study unveils the surprising connection between academic accomplishments in library science and atmospheric conditions in Sierra Vista, prompting further exploration in this "compelling narrative" of interdisciplinary research. It seems that in the library of life, the chapters written by education and environmental science may be closely intertwined, offering a "shelf-help" guide to uncovering unanticipated relationships.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of this study have unveiled a compelling connection between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. The statistically significant positive correlation suggests that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increased, so did the air pollution levels in the region, painting a picture of education's unexpected impact on atmospheric conditions. One might say the influence of library science on air quality is quite the "novel" finding indeed.

These findings echo previous research by Smith and Doe (2015) and Jones (2018), who also identified an intriguing relationship between academic achievements and environmental factors. The strong correlation coefficient supports and extends these prior studies, emphasizing the nuanced interplay between educational attainment and air quality. It appears that the age-old saying, "Knowledge is power," takes on a new meaning in the realm of environmental impact – after all, in this case, knowledge seems to have the power to affect air quality in a specific region.

The unexpected connection between Master's degrees in library science and air pollution also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary exploration in research. The findings suggest that even seemingly unrelated variables can have a tangible impact, challenging traditional boundaries between academic disciplines and environmental factors. This divergence from conventional research paths provides a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, encouraging scholars to consider broader implications of educational achievements.

Moreover, the substantial r-squared value of 0.7866410 indicates that a considerable proportion of the variability in air pollution levels in Sierra Vista can be attributed to the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science. This robust association suggests that education in library science, much like a gripping book, is not just an idle pursuit but may also influence atmospheric conditions in unforeseen ways. It seems that the impact of Master's degrees in library science on air quality is as substantial as a compelling plot twist – quite the "page-turner" in the realm of environmental research.

The statistical significance of this relationship, coupled with the visually striking scatterplot, further underscores the validity of the findings. The p-value of less than 0.01 asserts the substantial nature of the correlation, leaving little room for doubt – much like a firmly cataloged book in a well-organized library. This reinforcement of the relationship between educational achievements and atmospheric conditions provides a strong foundation for future explorations in interdisciplinary research.

In conclusion, the unexpected link between Master's degrees in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista underscores the impactful potential of educational achievements on environmental dynamics. This "compelling narrative" of interdisciplinary research unveils a new chapter in the story of environmental influence, emphasizing the unforeseen connections that can be unearthed through rigorous statistical analysis. It seems that in the library of life, the chapters written by education and environmental science may hold unexpected plot twists, offering a "shelf-help" guide to uncovering unanticipated relationships. As they say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Master's degrees awarded in Library science and Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

[[ABSTRACT]]
This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.

The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."

Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.

In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!"

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Despite their seemingly disparate nature, the realms of academia and environmental science occasionally intersect in unforeseen and fascinating ways. The correlation between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, is a prime example of such an unexpected connection. It's as unexpected as finding a book on reverse psychology -- and realizing you don't want to read it.
As researchers, we are often taught to "shelve" our preconceived notions and delve deeply into the data. In doing so, we were able to unearth a relationship that may appear as unlikely as finding a novel about computational linguistics in the fiction section – it may seem out of place, but it has its own logic and structure.
We embarked on this research endeavor with the goal of shedding some light on the relationship, and just like using an old catalog system, we certainly stumbled upon some interesting findings. It's almost like the Dewey Decimal System decided to lend us a helping hand in navigating through this unexpected correlation.
While investigations into interdisciplinary topics may sometimes feel like trying to find a specific article in a large academic library without a search function, our study presents a clear and compelling examination of the connection between educational achievements and environmental conditions. It's as clear as a well-organized library – a breath of fresh air, despite the pollution-related subject matter.
With this paper, we aim to demonstrate that, like a well-designed research study, unexpected connections can yield fruitful insights. And who knows, perhaps our findings will inspire others to delve into their own unexpected research topics – just like uncovering a hidden gem in the stacks. Stay tuned for some "novel" ideas about the fusion of seemingly unrelated fields.

[[RESULTS]]
The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279. This suggests that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increased over the study period, so did the air pollution levels in the region. One might say the impact of library science on air quality was quite "novel."
The r-squared value of 0.7866410 indicated that approximately 78.66% of the variability in air pollution levels in Sierra Vista could be explained by the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science. It seems that education in library science was not only stacking up degrees but also influencing the atmospheric conditions in an unforeseen way. This relationship is as intriguing as discovering a book that's so good, you just can't put it down - much like the impact of library science on air pollution!
Furthermore, the statistical significance of this relationship, with p < 0.01, reinforces the robustness of the findings. It is as if the data were saying, "Don't take me for 'granite' – this relationship is the real 'schist'!" (geological pun intended).
The scatterplot (Fig. 1) visually illustrates the strong positive correlation between the two variables, with Master's degrees in library science increasing alongside air pollution levels. It is clear that the relationship between these seemingly unrelated factors is more than just a "shelf expression" of statistical coincidence.
Intriguingly, these findings add a new chapter to the story of environmental impact, highlighting the unexpected influence of educational achievements on local air quality. It seems that the impact of education on the environment is quite "aerosol-utely" worth further exploration - demonstrating that the intersection of these disciplines may turn a new leaf in the field of environmental research.
In conclusion, our study unveils the surprising connection between academic accomplishments in library science and atmospheric conditions in Sierra Vista, prompting further exploration in this "compelling narrative" of interdisciplinary research. It seems that in the library of life, the chapters written by education and environmental science may be closely intertwined, offering a "shelf-help" guide to uncovering unanticipated relationships.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has illustrated a compelling link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and the levels of air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. The data speaks volumes, showcasing a relationship as unexpected as finding a chef's cookbook in the stacks – a definite "recipe" for further investigation. These findings offer a breath of fresh air to the field of environmental research while adding a touch of "ontology-based humor" to the world of educational accolades.

Our research has provided a unique and valuable contribution to the understanding of the intersection between academic achievements and environmental impact. It's an intriguing tale of how the pursuit of knowledge in library science may inadvertently "cloud" the local atmosphere – truly an unexpected twist in the plot.

The statistical significance of the correlation coefficient, with p < 0.01, underlines the robustness of our findings, proving that this relationship is as dependable as a well-structured literature review. As researchers, we have certainly "checked out" this phenomenon from a range of angles, leaving no "page unturned" in our quest for understanding.

Furthermore, our results emphasize the importance of considering a diverse range of factors in environmental analysis. The integration of seemingly unrelated variables has the potential to "breathe new life" into our understanding of air quality dynamics. It's as if the data were saying, "Dewey know the impact of library science on air quality? Now we do!"

With these findings in mind, we can confidently say that no more research is needed to understand the correlation between Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. It's as clear as the dew on a "morn-ing," and it seems that this area of study has been thoroughly "aerated." As the saying goes, "That's the final chapter!"


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Eclectic Environmental Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Advancement of Librarian Environmental Studies (SALES)


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled The Dewey Decibels: Exploring the Shelving-arious Relationship Between Library Science Master's Degrees and Air Pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona with an abstract of This paper delves into the curious link between the number of Master's degrees awarded in library science and air pollution levels in Sierra Vista, Arizona. Using data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Environmental Protection Agency spanning from 2012 to 2021, a correlation coefficient of 0.8869279 with p < 0.01 was discovered, indicating a strong and statistically significant relationship.
The results suggest that as the number of Master's degrees in library science increases, so does the air pollution in Sierra Vista. It appears that there may be more to the saying, "Knowledge is power," than previously thought – though in this case, it may be more accurately rendered as, "Knowledge is powerful enough to affect air quality in a specific region."
Our findings also bring a breath of fresh air to the field of library science research, demonstrating the unexpected connections that can be unearthed when analyzing educational achievements and environmental factors. Furthermore, this research highlights the importance of considering diverse factors in environmental analysis, reminding us that even seemingly unrelated variables can have an impact.
In conclusion, our study encourages further investigation into the curious relationship between academic accolades and atmospheric conditions, offering a unique perspective on the interdisciplinary intersection of education and environmental impact. And as librarians like to say, "If actions speak louder than words, then maybe emissions speak louder than books!

ChatGPT:

library science, master's degrees, air pollution, Sierra Vista, Arizona, National Center for Education Statistics, Environmental Protection Agency, correlation coefficient, statistical significance, educational achievements, environmental factors, interdisciplinary intersection, academic accolades, atmospheric conditions

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Master's degrees awarded in Library science
Detailed data title: Master's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions in Library science
Source: National Center for Education Statistics
See what else correlates with Master's degrees awarded in Library science

Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona
Detailed data title: Percentage of days with moderate or worse air quality in Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
See what else correlates with Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona

Correlation r = 0.8869279 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.7866410 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 78.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Master's degrees awarded in Library science) over the 10 years from 2012 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.00062. 0.0006226163862606995000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.89 in 0.062% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 1,606 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 9 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 9 because we have two variables measured over a period of 10 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.58, 0.97 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2012201320142015201620172018201920202021
Master's degrees awarded in Library science (Degrees awarded)7443698358405259492648434953516449595473
Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona (Bad air quality days)42.22224038.356222.739723.22430.13724.383627.123325.136629.0411




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,237 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 636,906,169 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([7443,6983,5840,5259,4926,4843,4953,5164,4959,5473,])
array_2 = np.array([42.2222,40,38.3562,22.7397,23.224,30.137,24.3836,27.1233,25.1366,29.0411,])
array_1_name = "Master's degrees awarded in Library science"
array_2_name = "Air pollution in Sierra Vista, Arizona"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 5572 · Black Variable ID: 1329 · Red Variable ID: 21260
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