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Spurious correlation #3,932 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Equinix's stock price (EQIX).  The chart goes from 2003 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

Crafty investors were ale-rt to the hops-tastic news of more breweries opening. It created a real ferment in the market, leading to a hoppy ending for Equinix's stock price. It seems like the secret to a stout portfolio might just be a bubbly mixture of hops, barley, and data centers!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: [ Cutsy graphics ] Generate an image of a lively street in the United States, with colorful breweries lining one side. People are depicted enjoying glasses of beer, chatting, and having a good time. In the background, a large electronic billboard displays Equinix's stock price chart. As the scene unfolds, capture some individuals indulging in drinks while impulsively checking their phones and making investment decisions in Equinix. The playful and slightly tipsy vibe resonates through the bustling atmosphere and rising stock prices. 🍻 The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: a Polaroid photo Parallax art Cutsy graphics Photorealism Cutsy graphics
ChatGPT: Cutsy graphics

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX), in the following situation: Because more breweries means more beer, which means more people getting buzzed. And when people are buzzed, they make impulsive decisions like investing in Equinix! It's a real ale-ment to the stock market, but we can't beer the results! 🍻. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In the scene, there is a bustling street in the United States with a row of colorful breweries on one side. People are enjoying glasses of beer, chatting, and having a good time. Meanwhile, in the background, Equinix's stock price chart is displayed on a large electronic billboard. As people indulge in their drinks, some are seen checking their phones and making impulsive investment decisions in Equinix. The lively atmosphere and the rising stock prices create a playful and slightly tipsy vibe. 🍻

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Cutsy graphics ] and depicting this scene: In the scene, there is a bustling street in the United States with a row of colorful breweries on one side. People are enjoying glasses of beer, chatting, and having a good time. Meanwhile, in the background, Equinix's stock price chart is displayed on a large electronic billboard. As people indulge in their drinks, some are seen checking their phones and making impulsive investment decisions in Equinix. The lively atmosphere and the rising stock prices create a playful and slightly tipsy vibe. 🍻 Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: [ Cutsy graphics ] Generate an image of a lively street in the United States, with colorful breweries lining one side. People are depicted enjoying glasses of beer, chatting, and having a good time. In the background, a large electronic billboard displays Equinix's stock price chart. As the scene unfolds, capture some individuals indulging in drinks while impulsively checking their phones and making investment decisions in Equinix. The playful and slightly tipsy vibe resonates through the bustling atmosphere and rising stock prices. 🍻

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused Equinix's stock price (EQIX) to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price

The Beverage Economics Review

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for 2003 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The interplay between industries and stock prices has long been a focus of economic analysis and investment strategy. For the past few decades, investors have sought to identify relationships between seemingly unrelated sectors, often with surprising results. This paper contributes to this body of research by examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation between craft beer and global interconnection services may appear as unlikely as finding a four-leaf clover in a barley field, but our findings point to a statistically significant relationship that may quench investors' thirst for novel market insights.

The proliferation of craft breweries in the United States has been ale-ing the traditional beer market for some time, with enthusiasts hopped up on the diverse flavors and local identities brewed by these establishments. Despite this spirited growth, one may not immediately associate these microbreweries with the digital infrastructure industry. However, as we unveil the findings of our analysis, readers will find that this association is not just a frothy notion but rather an intriguing market dynamic that demands a pint-sized investigation.

The growing popularity of craft beer is certainly no small beer. With the number of breweries in the United States reaching new highs each year, one cannot help but ponder the potential impact of this trend on seemingly unrelated sectors. Investors may find themselves in a ferment of excitement as they consider the implications of our findings. As the saying goes, "I'm a big fan of whiteboards. I find them quite re-markable." Similarly, our research reveals a remarkable relationship between the two seemingly disparate industries, one that may warrant further scrutiny and analysis.

As we delve into the details of our investigation, readers will witness the uncanning of a rather unexpected relationship between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. Our findings promise to be as enlightening as the moment one realizes that "beer" and "balance" have the same letters. Indeed, the balance of market forces and consumer trends appears to be at play in this peculiar correlation.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between industries and stock prices has long been a focus of economic analysis and investment strategy. For the past few decades, investors have sought to identify relationships between seemingly unrelated sectors, often with surprising results. This paper contributes to this body of research by examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation between craft beer and global interconnection services may appear as unlikely as finding a four-leaf clover in a barley field, but our findings point to a statistically significant relationship that may quench investors' thirst for novel market insights.
The proliferation of craft breweries in the United States has been ale-ing the traditional beer market for some time, with enthusiasts hopped up on the diverse flavors and local identities brewed by these establishments. Despite this spirited growth, one may not immediately associate these microbreweries with the digital infrastructure industry. However, as we unveil the findings of our analysis, readers will find that this association is not just a frothy notion but rather an intriguing market dynamic that demands a pint-sized investigation.
The growing popularity of craft beer is certainly no small beer. With the number of breweries in the United States reaching new highs each year, one cannot help but ponder the potential impact of this trend on seemingly unrelated sectors. Investors may find themselves in a ferment of excitement as they consider the implications of our findings. As the saying goes, "I'm a big fan of whiteboards. I find them quite re-markable." Similarly, our research reveals a remarkable relationship between the two seemingly disparate industries, one that may warrant further scrutiny and analysis.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, readers will witness the uncanning of a rather unexpected relationship between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. Our findings promise to be as enlightening as the moment one realizes that "beer" and "balance" have the same letters. Indeed, the balance of market forces and consumer trends appears to be at play in this peculiar correlation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

Smith (2015) investigates the growth of the craft beer industry in the United States and its impact on consumer preferences. The author finds that the increasing number of breweries has led to a diversification of beer offerings, catering to a wide range of tastes and preferences. This diversification may have implications for consumer behavior and purchasing patterns, as individuals seek unique and artisanal products in a market once dominated by mass-produced options.

Doe (2017) examines the role of technological innovation in the brewing process and its influence on market dynamics. The study highlights the integration of digital tools and data analytics in streamlining brewery operations and enhancing product quality. This technological advancement may contribute to the efficiency and competitiveness of craft breweries, potentially shaping the industry's development and market positioning.

Jones (2019) delves into the cultural and social aspects of craft beer consumption, emphasizing the communal and experiential nature of brewery visits and beer tastings. The author underscores the significance of local brewery establishments in fostering community engagement and identity, offering a distinct alternative to traditional bar and pub settings. This emphasis on locality and social interaction may fuel the growth of craft beer culture, impacting consumer perceptions and behaviors.

As the authors blend their findings with a dash of humor, it becomes evident that the connection between breweries and Equinix's stock price is no grain of truth. With the "brew"-tiful correlation coefficient and statistically significant results, the relationship between these seemingly unrelated sectors foams with potential for further exploration.

Turning to non-fiction literature, "The Economics of Beer" by Johan Swinnen and "Data Science for Business" by Foster Provost and Tom Fawcett provide valuable insights into the economic and analytical aspects of the brewing industry and market analysis. Additionally, works of fiction such as "The Alehouse at the End of the World" by Stevan Allred and "The Beer Bible" by Jeff Alworth present imaginative tales and comprehensive guides that may inspire both researchers and enthusiasts alike.

In a TV show related note, "Brew Dogs" and "How I Met Your Mother" have featured episodes focusing on the craft beer scene, offering entertaining perspectives on brewery culture and its impact on social dynamics. These diverse sources of information and entertainment contribute to the multidimensional understanding of the beer industry and its interconnectedness with broader economic and cultural phenomena.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2003 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The interplay between industries and stock prices has long been a focus of economic analysis and investment strategy. For the past few decades, investors have sought to identify relationships between seemingly unrelated sectors, often with surprising results. This paper contributes to this body of research by examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation between craft beer and global interconnection services may appear as unlikely as finding a four-leaf clover in a barley field, but our findings point to a statistically significant relationship that may quench investors' thirst for novel market insights.
The proliferation of craft breweries in the United States has been ale-ing the traditional beer market for some time, with enthusiasts hopped up on the diverse flavors and local identities brewed by these establishments. Despite this spirited growth, one may not immediately associate these microbreweries with the digital infrastructure industry. However, as we unveil the findings of our analysis, readers will find that this association is not just a frothy notion but rather an intriguing market dynamic that demands a pint-sized investigation.
The growing popularity of craft beer is certainly no small beer. With the number of breweries in the United States reaching new highs each year, one cannot help but ponder the potential impact of this trend on seemingly unrelated sectors. Investors may find themselves in a ferment of excitement as they consider the implications of our findings. As the saying goes, "I'm a big fan of whiteboards. I find them quite re-markable." Similarly, our research reveals a remarkable relationship between the two seemingly disparate industries, one that may warrant further scrutiny and analysis.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, readers will witness the uncanning of a rather unexpected relationship between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. Our findings promise to be as enlightening as the moment one realizes that "beer" and "balance" have the same letters. Indeed, the balance of market forces and consumer trends appears to be at play in this peculiar correlation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Data for this investigation was amassed from multiple sources, including the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), covering the twelve-year period from 2003 to 2022. The number of breweries in the United States was quantified annually, capturing the flux in this frothy industry, while Equinix's stock price served as a measure of market performance. The choice of these data sources was no coincidence – just as a fine ale requires precise ingredients, our research demanded the finest data to ferment credible analysis.

Employing a brew-tiful blend of statistical techniques, our team utilized a time-series analysis to explore the dynamic relationship between the proliferation of breweries and Equinix's stock price. We brewed up a mean correlation coefficient and conducted regression analyses to distill the relationship, scrutinizing the data with a fine-toothed comb to ensure the veracity of our findings. Just as a skilled brewmaster crafts a perfect brew, our analysis sought to extract the nuances of this curious connection.

Furthermore, we conducted a sentiment analysis of online discussions and news articles related to the craft beer industry and Equinix, leveraging advanced natural language processing algorithms. This approach allowed us to gauge the buzz surrounding these industries and assess whether market sentiment played a role in the observed relationship. We leave no hop unturned in our pursuit of comprehensive analysis.

In addition, we engaged in a series of interviews with industry experts, investors, and craft beer aficionados to gain qualitative insights into the potential factors driving the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. These conversations yielded valuable perspectives and anecdotes, enriching our understanding of the market dynamics at play. Through these interviews, we sought to uncork the hidden flavors of this seemingly unlikely correlation.

Moreover, to account for the influence of external variables, we considered macroeconomic indicators, technological trends, and regulatory changes that could impact both the craft beer industry and Equinix's business environment. Just as a brewer adjusts the recipe to accommodate seasonal variations, our analysis adapted to the broader market context, ensuring a robust and nuanced exploration of the subject matter.

Overall, our methodology integrates a blend of quantitative analysis, computational linguistics, qualitative insights, and environmental considerations. Much like a diverse selection of craft brews, this methodological concoction produces a rich and complex understanding of the relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. As the saying goes, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes. She gave me a hug." Similarly, our methodological embrace of diverse approaches culminates in a hug-worthy investigation deserving of scholarly attention.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2003 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.9474678, r-squared of 0.8976951, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The interplay between industries and stock prices has long been a focus of economic analysis and investment strategy. For the past few decades, investors have sought to identify relationships between seemingly unrelated sectors, often with surprising results. This paper contributes to this body of research by examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation between craft beer and global interconnection services may appear as unlikely as finding a four-leaf clover in a barley field, but our findings point to a statistically significant relationship that may quench investors' thirst for novel market insights.
The proliferation of craft breweries in the United States has been ale-ing the traditional beer market for some time, with enthusiasts hopped up on the diverse flavors and local identities brewed by these establishments. Despite this spirited growth, one may not immediately associate these microbreweries with the digital infrastructure industry. However, as we unveil the findings of our analysis, readers will find that this association is not just a frothy notion but rather an intriguing market dynamic that demands a pint-sized investigation.
The growing popularity of craft beer is certainly no small beer. With the number of breweries in the United States reaching new highs each year, one cannot help but ponder the potential impact of this trend on seemingly unrelated sectors. Investors may find themselves in a ferment of excitement as they consider the implications of our findings. As the saying goes, "I'm a big fan of whiteboards. I find them quite re-markable." Similarly, our research reveals a remarkable relationship between the two seemingly disparate industries, one that may warrant further scrutiny and analysis.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, readers will witness the uncanning of a rather unexpected relationship between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. Our findings promise to be as enlightening as the moment one realizes that "beer" and "balance" have the same letters. Indeed, the balance of market forces and consumer trends appears to be at play in this peculiar correlation.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 denotes a strong positive relationship, indicating that as the number of breweries increased, Equinix's stock price tended to rise as well. This correlation is as striking as finding a hidden beer tap at a wine tasting event.

Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.8976951 suggests that approximately 89.77% of the variability in Equinix's stock price can be explained by changes in the number of breweries in the United States. This finding highlights the substantial influence that the craft beer industry exerts on the stock performance of a major player in the digital infrastructure sector.

The statistically significant relationship between the two variables, with a p-value less than 0.01, provides strong evidence that this correlation is not just a hopped-up hypothesis, but a bona fide market phenomenon. It's as if the market dynamics and craft beer trends have brewed up a perfect ale-iance.

The scatterplot in Figure 1 further illustrates the robust positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The data points form a clear upward trend, resembling the trajectory of a helium balloon at a beer festival - undeniably uplifting. This visual representation of the correlation reinforces the strength of the relationship and emphasizes the pint-ential significance of this unexpected market dynamic.

Our findings shed light on an un-beer-lievable connection between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. This discovery not only provides investors with a novel perspective on market influences but also serves as a reminder that in the world of finance, as in brewing, the most tantalizing results often stem from unexpected combinations. Undoubtedly, further research in this area may yield a brew-tiful understanding of market dynamics and investment opportunities.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
Smith (2015) investigates the growth of the craft beer industry in the United States and its impact on consumer preferences. The author finds that the increasing number of breweries has led to a diversification of beer offerings, catering to a wide range of tastes and preferences. This diversification may have implications for consumer behavior and purchasing patterns, as individuals seek unique and artisanal products in a market once dominated by mass-produced options.
Doe (2017) examines the role of technological innovation in the brewing process and its influence on market dynamics. The study highlights the integration of digital tools and data analytics in streamlining brewery operations and enhancing product quality. This technological advancement may contribute to the efficiency and competitiveness of craft breweries, potentially shaping the industry's development and market positioning.
Jones (2019) delves into the cultural and social aspects of craft beer consumption, emphasizing the communal and experiential nature of brewery visits and beer tastings. The author underscores the significance of local brewery establishments in fostering community engagement and identity, offering a distinct alternative to traditional bar and pub settings. This emphasis on locality and social interaction may fuel the growth of craft beer culture, impacting consumer perceptions and behaviors.
As the authors blend their findings with a dash of humor, it becomes evident that the connection between breweries and Equinix's stock price is no grain of truth. With the "brew"-tiful correlation coefficient and statistically significant results, the relationship between these seemingly unrelated sectors foams with potential for further exploration.
Turning to non-fiction literature, "The Economics of Beer" by Johan Swinnen and "Data Science for Business" by Foster Provost and Tom Fawcett provide valuable insights into the economic and analytical aspects of the brewing industry and market analysis. Additionally, works of fiction such as "The Alehouse at the End of the World" by Stevan Allred and "The Beer Bible" by Jeff Alworth present imaginative tales and comprehensive guides that may inspire both researchers and enthusiasts alike.
In a TV show related note, "Brew Dogs" and "How I Met Your Mother" have featured episodes focusing on the craft beer scene, offering entertaining perspectives on brewery culture and its impact on social dynamics. These diverse sources of information and entertainment contribute to the multidimensional understanding of the beer industry and its interconnectedness with broader economic and cultural phenomena.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 denotes a strong positive relationship, indicating that as the number of breweries increased, Equinix's stock price tended to rise as well. This correlation is as striking as finding a hidden beer tap at a wine tasting event.
Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.8976951 suggests that approximately 89.77% of the variability in Equinix's stock price can be explained by changes in the number of breweries in the United States. This finding highlights the substantial influence that the craft beer industry exerts on the stock performance of a major player in the digital infrastructure sector.
The statistically significant relationship between the two variables, with a p-value less than 0.01, provides strong evidence that this correlation is not just a hopped-up hypothesis, but a bona fide market phenomenon. It's as if the market dynamics and craft beer trends have brewed up a perfect ale-iance.
The scatterplot in Figure 1 further illustrates the robust positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The data points form a clear upward trend, resembling the trajectory of a helium balloon at a beer festival - undeniably uplifting. This visual representation of the correlation reinforces the strength of the relationship and emphasizes the pint-ential significance of this unexpected market dynamic.
Our findings shed light on an un-beer-lievable connection between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. This discovery not only provides investors with a novel perspective on market influences but also serves as a reminder that in the world of finance, as in brewing, the most tantalizing results often stem from unexpected combinations. Undoubtedly, further research in this area may yield a brew-tiful understanding of market dynamics and investment opportunities.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has unveiled a compelling link between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price, aligning with prior research that has touched upon the multifaceted nature of the brewing industry. The findings support Smith's (2015) observation regarding the diversification of beer offerings, as the proliferation of breweries appears to correspond with an increase in the stock price of a key player in the digital infrastructure sector. Just as the craft beer market caters to a range of palates, Equinix's stock performance seems to respond favorably to the expanding presence of breweries, mirroring the market's appetite for variety.

In consonance with Doe's (2017) examination of technological innovations in brewing, our results suggest that the integration of digital tools and data analytics may not only enhance the efficiency of breweries but also contribute to a rise in Equinix's stock price. This alignment underscores the impact of technology on market dynamics, a trend that seemingly extends from the brewery floor to the stock market ticker. It seems that technological advancements in brewing hold implications not only for the quality of beer but also for the resilience of a digital infrastructure company's stock performance.

Furthermore, our findings resonate with Jones's (2019) emphasis on the communal and experiential aspects of craft beer consumption, highlighting the significance of local brewery establishments in shaping consumer behaviors. The rising number of breweries appears to foster a sense of community and engagement, echoing the stock market's response with an uptick in Equinix's stock price. This communal-driven correlation suggests that, much like a convivial pub gathering, market dynamics can be influenced by social and cultural phenomena, resulting in unexpected parallels between seemingly distinct sectors.

As our results sip and savor the complexities of market dynamics, it becomes clear that the "brew"-tiful correlation between breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price is not mere froth but a substantial market phenomenon. With a strong correlation coefficient and compelling statistical significance, this unexpected connection offers investors a unique opportunity to explore the interplay between consumer trends and stock performance. The ale-iance brewed by this study invites further exploration into the un-beer-lievable potential of seemingly unrelated market dynamics, reminding us that in the ever-bubbling cauldron of finance, a dash of unconventional insights can yield a sudsy symphony of investment opportunities.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a dry but witty academic researcher. You speak in the passive voice, and your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price (EQIX). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.

Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.

Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The interplay between industries and stock prices has long been a focus of economic analysis and investment strategy. For the past few decades, investors have sought to identify relationships between seemingly unrelated sectors, often with surprising results. This paper contributes to this body of research by examining the connection between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation between craft beer and global interconnection services may appear as unlikely as finding a four-leaf clover in a barley field, but our findings point to a statistically significant relationship that may quench investors' thirst for novel market insights.
The proliferation of craft breweries in the United States has been ale-ing the traditional beer market for some time, with enthusiasts hopped up on the diverse flavors and local identities brewed by these establishments. Despite this spirited growth, one may not immediately associate these microbreweries with the digital infrastructure industry. However, as we unveil the findings of our analysis, readers will find that this association is not just a frothy notion but rather an intriguing market dynamic that demands a pint-sized investigation.
The growing popularity of craft beer is certainly no small beer. With the number of breweries in the United States reaching new highs each year, one cannot help but ponder the potential impact of this trend on seemingly unrelated sectors. Investors may find themselves in a ferment of excitement as they consider the implications of our findings. As the saying goes, "I'm a big fan of whiteboards. I find them quite re-markable." Similarly, our research reveals a remarkable relationship between the two seemingly disparate industries, one that may warrant further scrutiny and analysis.
As we delve into the details of our investigation, readers will witness the uncanning of a rather unexpected relationship between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. Our findings promise to be as enlightening as the moment one realizes that "beer" and "balance" have the same letters. Indeed, the balance of market forces and consumer trends appears to be at play in this peculiar correlation.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our analysis revealed a remarkably high correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 denotes a strong positive relationship, indicating that as the number of breweries increased, Equinix's stock price tended to rise as well. This correlation is as striking as finding a hidden beer tap at a wine tasting event.
Furthermore, the r-squared value of 0.8976951 suggests that approximately 89.77% of the variability in Equinix's stock price can be explained by changes in the number of breweries in the United States. This finding highlights the substantial influence that the craft beer industry exerts on the stock performance of a major player in the digital infrastructure sector.
The statistically significant relationship between the two variables, with a p-value less than 0.01, provides strong evidence that this correlation is not just a hopped-up hypothesis, but a bona fide market phenomenon. It's as if the market dynamics and craft beer trends have brewed up a perfect ale-iance.
The scatterplot in Figure 1 further illustrates the robust positive correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. The data points form a clear upward trend, resembling the trajectory of a helium balloon at a beer festival - undeniably uplifting. This visual representation of the correlation reinforces the strength of the relationship and emphasizes the pint-ential significance of this unexpected market dynamic.
Our findings shed light on an un-beer-lievable connection between the craft beer industry and Equinix's stock performance. This discovery not only provides investors with a novel perspective on market influences but also serves as a reminder that in the world of finance, as in brewing, the most tantalizing results often stem from unexpected combinations. Undoubtedly, further research in this area may yield a brew-tiful understanding of market dynamics and investment opportunities.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our study has uncorked a surprising link between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price, shedding light on an un-beer-lievable market dynamic. This finding carries substantial implications for investors, demonstrating that the craft beer industry exerts a notable influence on the stock performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure sector. It's as if the market dynamics and craft beer trends have brewed up a perfect ale-iance.

Our findings leave investors hop-ping for joy, much like a kangaroo at a beer garden. The statistically significant relationship between these two seemingly unrelated variables truly puts the "ale" in correlation.

This discovery emphasizes the need for investors to diversify their perspectives and consider unconventional market influences. As the old brewing adage goes, "I'm not as think as you drunk I am," and investors may be pleasantly surprised by the market insights gained from studying unexpected connections.

Our research underscores the un-brew-ling need for further investigation in this area. As the saying goes, "I told my wife she should embrace her mistakes. She gave me a hug." Similarly, embracing the unusual correlations revealed in this study may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

In the spirit of scientific inquiry, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. After all, you can't improve perfection.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Beverage Economics Review


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Institute for Fermented Financial Analysis


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Hops and Stocks: An Ale-Investigation of the Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Equinix's Stock Price with an abstract of This pun-tastic paper explores the un-beer-lievable correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and Equinix's stock price. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), our research team embarked on a sudsy quest to uncover the link between the craft beer industry and a global interconnection and data center company's stock performance. With a correlation coefficient of 0.9474678 and p < 0.01 for the period spanning 2003 to 2022, our findings suggest an intriguing relationship that may leave investors hop-ping for joy.
Our analysis un-brew-lingly reveals that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, Equinix's stock price also rose. This unexpected relationship highlights the importance of diversifying one's investment portfolio, as craft brewing trends appear to have a connection to the performance of a key player in the digital infrastructure industry. While this correlation may seem a-ale-ing at first, our rigorous statistical analysis confirms its significance, leaving readers with a taste for unusual market dynamics.
Un-rineluctantly, our study underscores the need for investors to tap into diverse sources of market insights, even those as seemingly frothy as the craft beer industry. As the old saying goes, "Don't cry over spilt milk, it could have been beer." We encourage further research in this hoppy area, as understanding these sudsy correlations may lead to brew-tiful investment opportunities.

ChatGPT:

breweries, craft beer industry, Equinix stock price, correlation, investment portfolio, market dynamics, digital infrastructure industry, statistical analysis, market insights, investment opportunities

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of Breweries in the United States
Detailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States

Equinix's stock price (EQIX)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Equinix (EQIX) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Equinix's stock price (EQIX)

Correlation r = 0.9474678 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8976951 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 89.8% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Equinix's stock price (EQIX)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 20 years from 2003 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 2.4E-10. 0.0000000002389642600022741000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 2.4E-8% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 4,184,726,201 random variables You don't actually need 4 billion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.87, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries)16291635161217411805189619332131252526703162401448475780676777228557909293849709
Equinix's stock price (EQIX) (Stock price)5.6727.8842.3539.8174.8498.5352.8104.980.98101.52208.01174.93226.74299.75357.29453.53349.28583.91718.34845.68




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called β€œdata dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1629,1635,1612,1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,9709,])
array_2 = np.array([5.67,27.88,42.35,39.81,74.84,98.53,52.8,104.9,80.98,101.52,208.01,174.93,226.74,299.75,357.29,453.53,349.28,583.91,718.34,845.68,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "Equinix's stock price (EQIX)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 3932 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 1674
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