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Spurious correlation #3,299 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of Breweries in the United States and the second variable is Solar power generated in United Kingdom.  The chart goes from 1990 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of breweries in the United States increases, so does the production of beer. This leads to a greater demand for custom beer tap handles, which are typically made from wood. This surge in demand for wooden tap handles results in an increased need for lumber. To meet this lumber demand, more trees are harvested. Now, here's where it gets shady - the absence of trees leads to deforestation, which in turn reduces the number of shady spots. This prompts the United Kingdom to turn to alternative sources of shade, ultimately embracing solar power as a shady solution! It's a 'brew-tiful' cycle of events - who knew beer and solar power had such a 'bright' connection?

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image combining the iconic TIME magazine cover style with the bustling street scene in the United States. The street should be lined with numerous breweries, each featuring a vibrant sign displaying the growing number of breweries in the country. People are gathered outside the breweries, engaging in conversations about fermentation and alternative energy. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic in the United Kingdom, a sunny countryside landscape is dotted with glistening solar panels, symbolizing the increased solar power generated as a result of the inspiration from the American brewery surge. The overall image should capture the energy and innovation of these sustainable practices while being visually impactful and thought-provoking. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: a funny image you would see on reddit A TIME magazine cover image Charcoal 3D Pixar Style Voxel art
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom, in the following situation: Because as the number of breweries in the United States increased, more people began to realize the power of fermentation, leading to a surge in interest in alternative forms of energy. This newfound enthusiasm for innovation spread across the Atlantic, inspiring the United Kingdom to ramp up their solar power game. It turns out that hops and sunbeams make a surprisingly effective duo!. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: A bustling street in the United States, with numerous breweries lining the sidewalk, each with a vibrant sign displaying the number of breweries in the country. People are gathered outside the breweries, engaging in conversations about fermentation and alternative energy. Across the Atlantic, in the United Kingdom, a sunny countryside landscape is dotted with solar panels glistening in the sunlight, indicating the increased solar power generated as a result of the inspiration from the American brewery surge.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: A bustling street in the United States, with numerous breweries lining the sidewalk, each with a vibrant sign displaying the number of breweries in the country. People are gathered outside the breweries, engaging in conversations about fermentation and alternative energy. Across the Atlantic, in the United Kingdom, a sunny countryside landscape is dotted with solar panels glistening in the sunlight, indicating the increased solar power generated as a result of the inspiration from the American brewery surge. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image combining the iconic TIME magazine cover style with the bustling street scene in the United States. The street should be lined with numerous breweries, each featuring a vibrant sign displaying the growing number of breweries in the country. People are gathered outside the breweries, engaging in conversations about fermentation and alternative energy. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic in the United Kingdom, a sunny countryside landscape is dotted with glistening solar panels, symbolizing the increased solar power generated as a result of the inspiration from the American brewery surge. The overall image should capture the energy and innovation of these sustainable practices while being visually impactful and thought-provoking.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in The number of Breweries in the United States caused Solar power generated in United Kingdom to increase. Include one good pun.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

The Journal of Alechemy and Solar Science

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Include a pun in the title.

Your research team used data from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 for 1990 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The world of research is often a serious and buttoned-up affair, with scholars and scientists meticulously studying weighty subjects such as economics, climate change, and public health. But every so often, a peculiar curiosity emerges, leading inquisitive minds to investigate the most unexpected correlations. In this lighthearted yet thought-provoking vein, we set out to explore the seemingly whimsical relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Yes, you heard that right – brews and solar views.

It may seem as though we've swapped our lab coats for beer goggles, but fear not, dear reader, for this investigation is grounded in the firm bedrock of empirical data and rigorous statistical analyses. The zany notion that the proliferation of craft breweries in the home of the brave could somehow be linked to the solar energy antics across the pond may raise an eyebrow, but worry not – our research is anything but a tall tale.

The idea that the frothy head on your pint could have anything to do with the sun's rays may sound as improbable as a unicorn in a laboratory, but hold onto your hats – our findings may just tickle your funny bone and challenge your scientific predispositions. So, buckle up and prepare for a rollercoaster ride through the world of unexpected associations, where everything from hops to photons is fair game for statistical scrutiny.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name a few real TV shows that sound like they might be relevant to the topic that you watched as research.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The world of research is often a serious and buttoned-up affair, with scholars and scientists meticulously studying weighty subjects such as economics, climate change, and public health. But every so often, a peculiar curiosity emerges, leading inquisitive minds to investigate the most unexpected correlations. In this lighthearted yet thought-provoking vein, we set out to explore the seemingly whimsical relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Yes, you heard that right – brews and solar views.
It may seem as though we've swapped our lab coats for beer goggles, but fear not, dear reader, for this investigation is grounded in the firm bedrock of empirical data and rigorous statistical analyses. The zany notion that the proliferation of craft breweries in the home of the brave could somehow be linked to the solar energy antics across the pond may raise an eyebrow, but worry not – our research is anything but a tall tale.
The idea that the frothy head on your pint could have anything to do with the sun's rays may sound as improbable as a unicorn in a laboratory, but hold onto your hats – our findings may just tickle your funny bone and challenge your scientific predispositions. So, buckle up and prepare for a rollercoaster ride through the world of unexpected associations, where everything from hops to photons is fair game for statistical scrutiny.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The relationship between breweries in the United States and solar power generated in the United Kingdom may seem as improbable as finding a leprechaun's pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, but the literature holds intriguing insights into this whimsically unexpected correlation.

Smith et al. (2017) examined the environmental impact of craft breweries and highlighted the potential for sustainable practices within the industry. Their findings shed light on the importance of renewable energy sources, although they never quite made the leap to connecting solar panels to ale pails.

Taking a sip from a different cup, Doe and Jones (2019) explored the advancements in solar technology and its intersection with climate change mitigation. While their work focused on the tangible benefits of solar power, little did they realize the frothy potential brewing across the Atlantic.

In "Beeronomics: How Beer Explains the World," Swinnen and Brabant delved into the economics of beer production, consumption, and regulation. While their book doesn't directly tackle solar power, it's worth raising a glass to the notion that the sun may indeed play a role in the global beer market.

On a more fictional note, "The Solar Brew Files" by Ale C. Hopp uncovers the mysterious disappearance of solar-powered brewing equipment in a small English village, blurring the lines between science fiction and ale-soaked intrigue.

The TV show "Solar Spirits and Suds" may not sound like a serious investigative documentary, but its zany premise follows a team of intrepid brewers and solar engineers as they attempt to create a solar-powered brewery on the moon. While the show may be more far-fetched than a beer fountain, its quirky take on solar energy and brewing techniques offers a unique angle for our research.

As we navigate through this uncharted territory of interconnected brews and solar views, it's evident that the literature, both serious and whimsical, beckons us to peer through the looking glass and embrace the delightful unpredictability of our research quest.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 1990 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The world of research is often a serious and buttoned-up affair, with scholars and scientists meticulously studying weighty subjects such as economics, climate change, and public health. But every so often, a peculiar curiosity emerges, leading inquisitive minds to investigate the most unexpected correlations. In this lighthearted yet thought-provoking vein, we set out to explore the seemingly whimsical relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Yes, you heard that right – brews and solar views.
It may seem as though we've swapped our lab coats for beer goggles, but fear not, dear reader, for this investigation is grounded in the firm bedrock of empirical data and rigorous statistical analyses. The zany notion that the proliferation of craft breweries in the home of the brave could somehow be linked to the solar energy antics across the pond may raise an eyebrow, but worry not – our research is anything but a tall tale.
The idea that the frothy head on your pint could have anything to do with the sun's rays may sound as improbable as a unicorn in a laboratory, but hold onto your hats – our findings may just tickle your funny bone and challenge your scientific predispositions. So, buckle up and prepare for a rollercoaster ride through the world of unexpected associations, where everything from hops to photons is fair game for statistical scrutiny.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

Given the offbeat nature of our research topic, it was imperative to concoct a similarly unconventional methodology to suit the whimsical brews and solar views that we set out to investigate. Our team, with one foot in the brewery and the other in the solar panel, combined rigorous data collection with a healthy dose of humor and creativity.

Data Collection:
To obtain a comprehensive dataset on brewery proliferation in the United States, we scoured the online ale-ments of the Brewers Association. With keen eyes and a thirst for knowledge, we meticulously gathered brewery counts from 1990 to 2021, ensuring that no foamy detail was left unexamined. As for the solar power generated in the United Kingdom, our intrepid researchers delved into the digital rays of the Energy Information Administration, extracting sunlight-infused statistics reaching back over three adventurous decades.

Statistical Analysis:
Armed with an ale-arming amount of data, our statistical analysis commenced. Employing a combination of linear regression, correlation analysis, and fanciful forecasting, we sought to unravel the frothy mysteries and solar secrets contained within our datasets. With a wink to the statistical gods, we calculated correlation coefficients, p-values, and confidence intervals, portraying the serious science behind our whimsical endeavor.

Model Building:
In our endeavor to construct a compelling narrative around the interplay of brews and solar views, we envisioned mathematical models that would not just brew up some curious relationships but also shine light on the sunny side of statistics. Our models intertwined the rise of craft breweries in the United States with the solar power generation in the United Kingdom, weaving a statistically sound tapestry propped up by a sturdy statistical framework.

Cross-Disciplinary Mash-Up:
Recognizing the seemingly disparate worlds of craft beer and solar energy, our methodology was an elaborate dance between Barley's law (a pun on Boyle's law) and Solar-Wharton Effect, with a touch of Statistical Thermodynamics sprinkled in for good measure. By marrying statistical analysis with an appreciation for the playful side of science, we endeavored to concoct a methodological cocktail that would not just quench the thirst for knowledge but also tickle the fancy of our fellow researchers.

Ultimately, our methodology marries the lighthearted with the rigorous, weaving a tapestry of statistical puns and empirical rigor that captures the spirit of our quirky investigation into the interconnected world of ales and solar sails.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Brewers Association and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 1990 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9698102, r-squared of 0.9405319, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The world of research is often a serious and buttoned-up affair, with scholars and scientists meticulously studying weighty subjects such as economics, climate change, and public health. But every so often, a peculiar curiosity emerges, leading inquisitive minds to investigate the most unexpected correlations. In this lighthearted yet thought-provoking vein, we set out to explore the seemingly whimsical relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Yes, you heard that right – brews and solar views.
It may seem as though we've swapped our lab coats for beer goggles, but fear not, dear reader, for this investigation is grounded in the firm bedrock of empirical data and rigorous statistical analyses. The zany notion that the proliferation of craft breweries in the home of the brave could somehow be linked to the solar energy antics across the pond may raise an eyebrow, but worry not – our research is anything but a tall tale.
The idea that the frothy head on your pint could have anything to do with the sun's rays may sound as improbable as a unicorn in a laboratory, but hold onto your hats – our findings may just tickle your funny bone and challenge your scientific predispositions. So, buckle up and prepare for a rollercoaster ride through the world of unexpected associations, where everything from hops to photons is fair game for statistical scrutiny.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

RESULTS

The results of our investigation into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom have unveiled a remarkable correlation. Our thorough statistical analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9698102, along with an r-squared value of 0.9405319, and a p-value of less than 0.01, confirming the robustness of this unexpected relationship.

Figure 1 exhibits a scatterplot capturing the strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables. This unexpected association has left us buzzing with excitement, like a bee in a field of solar panels. It seems that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the solar power generation in the United Kingdom, painting a surprising picture of transatlantic synergy.

Our findings challenge traditional notions of cause and effect, inviting us to ponder whether the solar-powered allure of craft beer has served as a silent force in bolstering solar energy production across the Atlantic. Could it be that the sheer exuberance of craft beer enthusiasts is somehow transmitted across the ocean, giving a boost to the solar panels in the United Kingdom? While this hypothesis may seem as strange as a goat in a brewpub, our results suggest that further exploration of this unique interplay is warranted.

In the realm of scientific research, it's rare to stumble upon such an unexpectedly delightful connection, akin to finding a four-leaf clover hidden among statistical haystacks. However, our study serves as a quirky reminder that the scientific journey is often filled with delightful surprises and unexpected twists, much like a cleverly crafted ale that defies all expectations. So, raise a glass to the whimsical world of empirical investigation – for in the froth and fizz of statistical analyses, we often find the most unexpected of pairings.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The relationship between breweries in the United States and solar power generated in the United Kingdom may seem as improbable as finding a leprechaun's pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, but the literature holds intriguing insights into this whimsically unexpected correlation.
Smith et al. (2017) examined the environmental impact of craft breweries and highlighted the potential for sustainable practices within the industry. Their findings shed light on the importance of renewable energy sources, although they never quite made the leap to connecting solar panels to ale pails.
Taking a sip from a different cup, Doe and Jones (2019) explored the advancements in solar technology and its intersection with climate change mitigation. While their work focused on the tangible benefits of solar power, little did they realize the frothy potential brewing across the Atlantic.
In "Beeronomics: How Beer Explains the World," Swinnen and Brabant delved into the economics of beer production, consumption, and regulation. While their book doesn't directly tackle solar power, it's worth raising a glass to the notion that the sun may indeed play a role in the global beer market.
On a more fictional note, "The Solar Brew Files" by Ale C. Hopp uncovers the mysterious disappearance of solar-powered brewing equipment in a small English village, blurring the lines between science fiction and ale-soaked intrigue.
The TV show "Solar Spirits and Suds" may not sound like a serious investigative documentary, but its zany premise follows a team of intrepid brewers and solar engineers as they attempt to create a solar-powered brewery on the moon. While the show may be more far-fetched than a beer fountain, its quirky take on solar energy and brewing techniques offers a unique angle for our research.
As we navigate through this uncharted territory of interconnected brews and solar views, it's evident that the literature, both serious and whimsical, beckons us to peer through the looking glass and embrace the delightful unpredictability of our research quest.

[[RESULTS]]
RESULTS
The results of our investigation into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom have unveiled a remarkable correlation. Our thorough statistical analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9698102, along with an r-squared value of 0.9405319, and a p-value of less than 0.01, confirming the robustness of this unexpected relationship.
Figure 1 exhibits a scatterplot capturing the strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables. This unexpected association has left us buzzing with excitement, like a bee in a field of solar panels. It seems that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the solar power generation in the United Kingdom, painting a surprising picture of transatlantic synergy.
Our findings challenge traditional notions of cause and effect, inviting us to ponder whether the solar-powered allure of craft beer has served as a silent force in bolstering solar energy production across the Atlantic. Could it be that the sheer exuberance of craft beer enthusiasts is somehow transmitted across the ocean, giving a boost to the solar panels in the United Kingdom? While this hypothesis may seem as strange as a goat in a brewpub, our results suggest that further exploration of this unique interplay is warranted.
In the realm of scientific research, it's rare to stumble upon such an unexpectedly delightful connection, akin to finding a four-leaf clover hidden among statistical haystacks. However, our study serves as a quirky reminder that the scientific journey is often filled with delightful surprises and unexpected twists, much like a cleverly crafted ale that defies all expectations. So, raise a glass to the whimsical world of empirical investigation – for in the froth and fizz of statistical analyses, we often find the most unexpected of pairings.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

These results are perhaps as unexpected as finding a polar bear in a solar panel factory, yet they align with prior literature in surprising ways. Smith et al. (2017) touched upon the potential for sustainable practices within the brewing industry, and our findings suggest that this sustainability might extend its solar-powered reach all the way to the United Kingdom. It's as if the sun, like a diligent barkeep, has been quietly tending to both fermenting vats and solar panels, fostering a harmony we never dared to imagine.

Furthermore, the results echo the work of Doe and Jones (2019) by providing a delightful twist to the advancements in solar technology. While their focus was on climate change mitigation, our study humorously nudges at the possibility of solar panels being secretly powered by the exuberance of craft beer lovers. After all, if the enthusiasm for craft beer were a source of renewable energy, we'd have found the holy grail of sustainable power: a perpetually bubbling cauldron of ale and solar power!

The connection unearthed in this study is akin to stumbling upon an improbable treasure map that leads to a pot of gold – or perhaps, in this context, a keg of golden ale. From the zany musings of "The Solar Brew Files" to the enchanting antics of "Solar Spirits and Suds," our findings lend empirical weight to these whimsical narratives that dared to imagine an unforeseen bond between brews and solar views.

In the world of academic research, such unexpected connections are as rare as a unicorn sighting, but when they do materialize, they remind us that the scientific pursuit is not just an arduous trek through data fields, but a journey filled with delightful, albeit unanticipated, pit stops. So, let's raise our beakers to the merry dance of statistics and the frolicsome interplay of seemingly disparate variables, for in this patchwork of correlations and causations lies the potential to uncover the most delightfully improbable of relationships. Cheers to the uncharted territory of interconnected brews and solar views!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a silly researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of Breweries in the United States and Solar power generated in United Kingdom. Make lots of jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom

[[ABSTRACT]]
This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The world of research is often a serious and buttoned-up affair, with scholars and scientists meticulously studying weighty subjects such as economics, climate change, and public health. But every so often, a peculiar curiosity emerges, leading inquisitive minds to investigate the most unexpected correlations. In this lighthearted yet thought-provoking vein, we set out to explore the seemingly whimsical relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Yes, you heard that right – brews and solar views.
It may seem as though we've swapped our lab coats for beer goggles, but fear not, dear reader, for this investigation is grounded in the firm bedrock of empirical data and rigorous statistical analyses. The zany notion that the proliferation of craft breweries in the home of the brave could somehow be linked to the solar energy antics across the pond may raise an eyebrow, but worry not – our research is anything but a tall tale.
The idea that the frothy head on your pint could have anything to do with the sun's rays may sound as improbable as a unicorn in a laboratory, but hold onto your hats – our findings may just tickle your funny bone and challenge your scientific predispositions. So, buckle up and prepare for a rollercoaster ride through the world of unexpected associations, where everything from hops to photons is fair game for statistical scrutiny.

[[RESULTS]]
RESULTS
The results of our investigation into the curious connection between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom have unveiled a remarkable correlation. Our thorough statistical analysis revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9698102, along with an r-squared value of 0.9405319, and a p-value of less than 0.01, confirming the robustness of this unexpected relationship.
Figure 1 exhibits a scatterplot capturing the strong positive correlation between these seemingly unrelated variables. This unexpected association has left us buzzing with excitement, like a bee in a field of solar panels. It seems that as the number of breweries in the United States increased, so did the solar power generation in the United Kingdom, painting a surprising picture of transatlantic synergy.
Our findings challenge traditional notions of cause and effect, inviting us to ponder whether the solar-powered allure of craft beer has served as a silent force in bolstering solar energy production across the Atlantic. Could it be that the sheer exuberance of craft beer enthusiasts is somehow transmitted across the ocean, giving a boost to the solar panels in the United Kingdom? While this hypothesis may seem as strange as a goat in a brewpub, our results suggest that further exploration of this unique interplay is warranted.
In the realm of scientific research, it's rare to stumble upon such an unexpectedly delightful connection, akin to finding a four-leaf clover hidden among statistical haystacks. However, our study serves as a quirky reminder that the scientific journey is often filled with delightful surprises and unexpected twists, much like a cleverly crafted ale that defies all expectations. So, raise a glass to the whimsical world of empirical investigation – for in the froth and fizz of statistical analyses, we often find the most unexpected of pairings.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our quirky exploration into the unforeseen relationship between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom has left us bubbling with excitement, much like an overzealous fermentation process. Our findings have not only uncorked a remarkable correlation but also reminded us that in the world of research, even the most improbable connections can hold more than a grain of truth.

As we raise our beakers to toast to these unexpected linkages, it's clear that further investigation in this area may yield even more surprising insights. However, like a well-crafted punchline, our study has delivered its uncanny connection, leaving us no longer thirsty for additional research. It appears that the sun and hops, much like a good joke and a finely tuned punchline, share an unexpected rapport – but for now, it seems the punchline to this peculiar association has been delivered.

So, let's savor this quirky finding like a perfectly poured pint, and remember that in the world of empirical inquiry, the most unexpected connections can often be found in the unlikeliest of places. With a tip of our research hats and a wink to the unpredictable dance of statistical variables, we'll close the book on this peculiar pairing. Cheers to the spicy zing of curiosity and the whimsical twists of academic investigation!


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Alechemy and Solar Science


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The International Society for Renewable Energy and Brewing (ISREB)


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Ales and Solar Sails: Examining the Quirky Relationship Between Breweries in the United States and Solar Power Generated in the United Kingdom with an abstract of This study delves into the surprisingly interconnected universes of craft breweries and solar power, unraveling the curious correlation between the number of breweries in the United States and the solar power generated in the United Kingdom. Utilizing data from the Brewers Association and the Energy Information Administration, our research team applied rigorous statistical analysis to uncover a positive relationship with a correlation coefficient of 0.9698102 and p < 0.01 from 1990 to 2021. We delve into the potential causative factors, ranging from the influence of the sun on yeast fermentation to the possibility of solar panels being fueled by the sheer enthusiasm of craft beer aficionados. This whimsical exploration sheds light on the unexpected ties between seemingly unrelated phenomena, inviting researchers to think outside the pint glass and embrace the quirkiness of our interconnected world.

ChatGPT:

craft breweries, solar power, United States, United Kingdom, correlation, statistical analysis, Brewers Association, Energy Information Administration, causative factors, yeast fermentation, solar panels, research, interconnected phenomena, unexpected ties

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of Breweries in the United States
Detailed data title: Number of Breweries in the United States
Source: Brewers Association
See what else correlates with The number of Breweries in the United States

Solar power generated in United Kingdom
Detailed data title: Total solar power generated in United Kingdom in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Solar power generated in United Kingdom

Correlation r = 0.9698102 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.9405319 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 94.1% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Solar power generated in United Kingdom) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of Breweries in the United States) over the 32 years from 1990 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 6.1E-20. 0.0000000000000000000611623674
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.97 in 6.1E-18% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 16,349,923,041,075,744,768 random variables You don't actually need 16 quintillion variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 31 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 31 because we have two variables measured over a period of 32 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.94, 0.99 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
The number of Breweries in the United States (Number of breweries)298350405490634100613051475165115771493149915751629163516121741180518961933213125252670316240144847578067677722855790929384
Solar power generated in United Kingdom (Billion kWh)0000000000.0010.0010.0020.0030.0030.0040.0080.0110.0140.0170.020.040.2441.3542.014.0547.53310.395111.457312.735512.580113.15812.5506




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Confounding variable: 2020 is particularly different from the other years on this graph. Confounding variables (like global pandemics) will cause two variables to look connected when in fact a "sneaky third" variable is influencing both of them behind the scenes.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([298,350,405,490,634,1006,1305,1475,1651,1577,1493,1499,1575,1629,1635,1612,1741,1805,1896,1933,2131,2525,2670,3162,4014,4847,5780,6767,7722,8557,9092,9384,])
array_2 = np.array([0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.001,0.001,0.002,0.003,0.003,0.004,0.008,0.011,0.014,0.017,0.02,0.04,0.244,1.354,2.01,4.054,7.533,10.3951,11.4573,12.7355,12.5801,13.158,12.5506,])
array_1_name = "The number of Breweries in the United States"
array_2_name = "Solar power generated in United Kingdom"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 3299 · Black Variable ID: 34 · Red Variable ID: 24071
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