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Spurious correlation #3,112 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and the second variable is The number of funeral attendants in Utah.  The chart goes from 2003 to 2022, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

The intense and extended rally of the championship final led to a surge in heart rates of the spectators, unknowingly providing them with an unexpected cardiovascular workout. The spike in physical activity from simply watching the match led to an increase in overall fitness levels, inadvertently prolonging the lives of Utah residents. Remember, the next time you're couch-potatoing, you might be missing out on a chance to extend your lifespan just by watching sports!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Create an image of an intense squash match in the backdrop of a small Utah town. The squash court is packed with eager fans, while the players battle it out in the final set. Meanwhile, outside, a solemn scene unfolds at the local funeral home. Mourners quietly gather, creating a poignant juxtaposition between the fiercely contested championship and the solemnity of the funeral service. The sounds of the hard-fought game echo in the background as mourners pay their respects. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: inspired by bauhaus 3D Pixar Style A TIME magazine cover image Whimsical illustration Oragami
ChatGPT: A TIME magazine cover image

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah, in the following situation: Because as the number of sets played in the final of the World Open Squash Men's championship increases, so does the number of funeral attendants in Utah. This is due to the intense and grueling nature of the extended match, which leads to an increase in squash-related injuries. As a result, more and more Utah residents find themselves in need of funeral services, leading to a direct correlation between the two variables.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a small Utah town, as the World Open Squash Men's championship final goes into an intense fifth set, a somber scene unfolds at the local funeral home. The number of funeral attendants gradually increases as the match's duration causes more squash-related injuries. The sounds of the hard-fought game echo in the background as mourners quietly gather to pay their respects, creating a poignant juxtaposition between the fiercely contested championship and the solemnity of the funeral service.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ A TIME magazine cover image ] and depicting this scene: In a small Utah town, as the World Open Squash Men's championship final goes into an intense fifth set, a somber scene unfolds at the local funeral home. The number of funeral attendants gradually increases as the match's duration causes more squash-related injuries. The sounds of the hard-fought game echo in the background as mourners quietly gather to pay their respects, creating a poignant juxtaposition between the fiercely contested championship and the solemnity of the funeral service. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Create an image of an intense squash match in the backdrop of a small Utah town. The squash court is packed with eager fans, while the players battle it out in the final set. Meanwhile, outside, a solemn scene unfolds at the local funeral home. Mourners quietly gather, creating a poignant juxtaposition between the fiercely contested championship and the solemnity of the funeral service. The sounds of the hard-fought game echo in the background as mourners pay their respects.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship caused The number of funeral attendants in Utah to increase. Add a funny one-liner at the end.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

The Journal of Unusual Correlations and Odd Phenomena

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title a clever pun.

Your research team used data from Wikipedia and Bureau of Larbor Statistics to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 and p < 0.01 for 2003 to 2022.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

Picture this: a bustling squash court filled with fierce competitors, each vying to serve up their very best. Meanwhile, in a quiet church in Utah, mourners gather to bid farewell to a loved one, their hearts heavy with grief. At first glance, these two scenarios may seem as unrelated as a squash racket and a funeral casket. However, as we delved into our research, we uncovered a surprising link that might just leave you exclaiming, "Well, isn't that an ace in the hole!"

The purpose of this study was to examine the rather unexpected association between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the state of Utah. By diving into the data with a racket in one hand and a stack of funeral programs in the other, we sought to shed light on the intertwining of these seemingly disparate events. It's the kind of connection that may make you think twice before squeezing in one more game of squash before a visit to the 19th hole.

As any good researcher knows, the pursuit of knowledge often involves navigating uncharted terrain. In this case, we found ourselves venturing into the unexplored territory where sports and societal phenomena converge. It's a bit like stumbling upon an unexpected squash ball in the midst of a somber funeral procession – a twist that certainly adds an element of surprise to the game.

Before we delve into the data, it's important to address the proverbial elephant in the room – or should we say, the squash court? Some may doubt the notion that the outcome of an intense squash match could have any bearing on the attendance at funerals in Utah. But as researchers, it is our duty to approach these unconventional inquiries with an open mind and perhaps a well-struck backhand.

In the following sections, we will present our findings, accompanied by an array of statistical analyses that pack a punch – not unlike a powerful serve down the T. Our results promise to serve up a volley of insights that will give readers plenty to ponder, much like the spin of a well-executed drop shot.

So, without further ado, let's rally our thoughts, keep an eye on the ball, and explore the unexpected link between squash championships and funeral attendances with a dash of lighthearted humor – because, as every researcher knows, it never hurts to add a bit of levity to a serious study.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Perhaps you also got inspiration from some board games that are vaugely related.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
Picture this: a bustling squash court filled with fierce competitors, each vying to serve up their very best. Meanwhile, in a quiet church in Utah, mourners gather to bid farewell to a loved one, their hearts heavy with grief. At first glance, these two scenarios may seem as unrelated as a squash racket and a funeral casket. However, as we delved into our research, we uncovered a surprising link that might just leave you exclaiming, "Well, isn't that an ace in the hole!"
The purpose of this study was to examine the rather unexpected association between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the state of Utah. By diving into the data with a racket in one hand and a stack of funeral programs in the other, we sought to shed light on the intertwining of these seemingly disparate events. It's the kind of connection that may make you think twice before squeezing in one more game of squash before a visit to the 19th hole.
As any good researcher knows, the pursuit of knowledge often involves navigating uncharted terrain. In this case, we found ourselves venturing into the unexplored territory where sports and societal phenomena converge. It's a bit like stumbling upon an unexpected squash ball in the midst of a somber funeral procession – a twist that certainly adds an element of surprise to the game.
Before we delve into the data, it's important to address the proverbial elephant in the room – or should we say, the squash court? Some may doubt the notion that the outcome of an intense squash match could have any bearing on the attendance at funerals in Utah. But as researchers, it is our duty to approach these unconventional inquiries with an open mind and perhaps a well-struck backhand.
In the following sections, we will present our findings, accompanied by an array of statistical analyses that pack a punch – not unlike a powerful serve down the T. Our results promise to serve up a volley of insights that will give readers plenty to ponder, much like the spin of a well-executed drop shot.
So, without further ado, let's rally our thoughts, keep an eye on the ball, and explore the unexpected link between squash championships and funeral attendances with a dash of lighthearted humor – because, as every researcher knows, it never hurts to add a bit of levity to a serious study.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

In "Squash and Society: A Statistical Analysis," Smith et al. explore the intersection of squash competitions and societal trends. While their focus is primarily on the impact of squash championships on local economies and fitness trends, it lays the groundwork for our exploration of the broader societal implications of squash events.

As we delve further into the literature, Doe and Jones, in their work "The Social Dynamics of Sports," provide insights into the ways in which sports events can influence community behaviors. Although their research primarily focuses on popular team sports, it sets the stage for considering the ripple effects of competitive sports on unexpected aspects of community life.

Transitioning to non-fiction books related to unconventional societal phenomenon, "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner may initially seem unrelated to our topic. However, their exploration of the unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated events serves as a source of inspiration for our own surprising findings. Who knew that the correlation between squash and funerals could rival some of the eyebrow-raising correlations uncovered in "Freakonomics"?

Moving into the realm of fiction, the novel "The Squash Court Murders" presents a narrative that intertwines the intensity of squash matches with unexpected plot twists. While obviously not a source of academic research, it serves as a reminder that unexpected connections can arise in the most unlikely of scenarios. Much like our own findings, this novel demonstrates that sometimes truth can be stranger than fiction, especially when it comes to the unexplored territory of squash and societal phenomena.

In a surprising turn of events, the board game "Clue" may be more relevant than one might expect to our topic. Just as the game challenges players to uncover unexpected connections and solve mysteries, our study has unraveled a correlation that, much like a surprise twist in a board game, invites further investigation and speculation.

In "The Squash Champion's Guide to Funeral Etiquette," a tongue-in-cheek approach to a rather somber topic, we encounter a humorous narrative that unexpectedly touches on the intersection of squash and funerals. While its intent may be lighthearted and comical, it provides an entertaining parallel to the unexpected association we have uncovered in our own research.

Now, similar to the plot-twist in these unconventional sources, let's shift gears and inject some levity into this literature review. Why did the squash player bring string to the funeral? Because he heard it was a racket! Speaking of rackets, our findings are bound to make quite a racquet in the academic community as we serve up the surprising and thought-provoking correlation between squash championships and funeral attendances in Utah.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Wikipedia and Bureau of Larbor Statistics . You used data from 2003 to 2022

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
Picture this: a bustling squash court filled with fierce competitors, each vying to serve up their very best. Meanwhile, in a quiet church in Utah, mourners gather to bid farewell to a loved one, their hearts heavy with grief. At first glance, these two scenarios may seem as unrelated as a squash racket and a funeral casket. However, as we delved into our research, we uncovered a surprising link that might just leave you exclaiming, "Well, isn't that an ace in the hole!"
The purpose of this study was to examine the rather unexpected association between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the state of Utah. By diving into the data with a racket in one hand and a stack of funeral programs in the other, we sought to shed light on the intertwining of these seemingly disparate events. It's the kind of connection that may make you think twice before squeezing in one more game of squash before a visit to the 19th hole.
As any good researcher knows, the pursuit of knowledge often involves navigating uncharted terrain. In this case, we found ourselves venturing into the unexplored territory where sports and societal phenomena converge. It's a bit like stumbling upon an unexpected squash ball in the midst of a somber funeral procession – a twist that certainly adds an element of surprise to the game.
Before we delve into the data, it's important to address the proverbial elephant in the room – or should we say, the squash court? Some may doubt the notion that the outcome of an intense squash match could have any bearing on the attendance at funerals in Utah. But as researchers, it is our duty to approach these unconventional inquiries with an open mind and perhaps a well-struck backhand.
In the following sections, we will present our findings, accompanied by an array of statistical analyses that pack a punch – not unlike a powerful serve down the T. Our results promise to serve up a volley of insights that will give readers plenty to ponder, much like the spin of a well-executed drop shot.
So, without further ado, let's rally our thoughts, keep an eye on the ball, and explore the unexpected link between squash championships and funeral attendances with a dash of lighthearted humor – because, as every researcher knows, it never hurts to add a bit of levity to a serious study.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

In order to unravel the perplexing connection between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in Utah, our research team embarked on a comprehensive journey through the labyrinth of statistics, bouncing ideas around like a well-rallied squash ball. We embraced the challenge with the same determination as a squash player executing a perfect drop shot, carefully selecting our methods like choosing the ideal racket grip.

Initially, we scoured the depths of the internet, wading through seas of data from 2003 to 2022, navigating the labyrinth of cyberspace like intrepid squash players maneuvering the twists and turns of the court. Our primary sources included Wikipedia – where else would one turn for meticulously curated sports statistics? – and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a treasure trove for societal data that served as our trusty backboard, rebounding information with unfailing accuracy.

With the gathered data in hand, we unleashed the mighty force of statistical analysis, transforming columns of numbers into meaningful insights as deftly as a squash champion turning a difficult shot into a winning point. Applying a range of analytical methods, from regression analysis to time series modeling, we skillfully maneuvered through the terrain of mathematical techniques, ensuring each statistical calculation hit the mark with precision and accuracy.

As the numbers danced across our screens like squash players engaged in a spirited rally, we calculated the correlation coefficient with the focused intensity of a player eyeing a championship point. Our calculations revealed a striking correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01 – a statistical slam-dunk that left us feeling as triumphant as a squash player clinching victory with an unstoppable volley.

In addition to traditional statistical analyses, we employed a specialized algorithmic approach to unveil the hidden patterns and connections within the data, akin to a squash player mastering the perfect spin on a serve. This algorithmic exploration allowed us to uncover subtle nuances and unexpected relationships, akin to executing a deceptive drop shot that catches opponents off guard.

Furthermore, we conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness and reliability of our findings, scrutinizing our results from every angle as meticulously as a player examining the court for the optimal position to execute a forehand drive. This meticulous scrutiny reassured us that our findings were as solid as a well-constructed squash rally, maintaining a consistent and unwavering trajectory towards the truth.

With our data analysis complete, we were ready to serve up our findings, armed with statistical evidence as formidable as a powerful squash serve. The rigor and depth of our methodology ensure that our results stand as firm as a squash court's wall, ready to withstand the fiercest of volleys and challenger shots.

And now, as we transition to presenting our findings, we invite the reader to join us in this unconventional exploration with the same spirit of sportsmanship and intellectual agility that defines the game of squash. For as we've learned from this research, the unexpected connections that we uncover may just be the defining moments that change the game entirely.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Wikipedia and Bureau of Larbor Statistics .

For the time period 2003 to 2022, you found a correlation 0.7597984, r-squared of 0.5772936, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
Picture this: a bustling squash court filled with fierce competitors, each vying to serve up their very best. Meanwhile, in a quiet church in Utah, mourners gather to bid farewell to a loved one, their hearts heavy with grief. At first glance, these two scenarios may seem as unrelated as a squash racket and a funeral casket. However, as we delved into our research, we uncovered a surprising link that might just leave you exclaiming, "Well, isn't that an ace in the hole!"
The purpose of this study was to examine the rather unexpected association between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the state of Utah. By diving into the data with a racket in one hand and a stack of funeral programs in the other, we sought to shed light on the intertwining of these seemingly disparate events. It's the kind of connection that may make you think twice before squeezing in one more game of squash before a visit to the 19th hole.
As any good researcher knows, the pursuit of knowledge often involves navigating uncharted terrain. In this case, we found ourselves venturing into the unexplored territory where sports and societal phenomena converge. It's a bit like stumbling upon an unexpected squash ball in the midst of a somber funeral procession – a twist that certainly adds an element of surprise to the game.
Before we delve into the data, it's important to address the proverbial elephant in the room – or should we say, the squash court? Some may doubt the notion that the outcome of an intense squash match could have any bearing on the attendance at funerals in Utah. But as researchers, it is our duty to approach these unconventional inquiries with an open mind and perhaps a well-struck backhand.
In the following sections, we will present our findings, accompanied by an array of statistical analyses that pack a punch – not unlike a powerful serve down the T. Our results promise to serve up a volley of insights that will give readers plenty to ponder, much like the spin of a well-executed drop shot.
So, without further ado, let's rally our thoughts, keep an eye on the ball, and explore the unexpected link between squash championships and funeral attendances with a dash of lighthearted humor – because, as every researcher knows, it never hurts to add a bit of levity to a serious study.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

Our investigation into the relationship between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in Utah yielded intriguing results that may leave you considering a whole new kind of "match point."

We found a statistically significant positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 and an r-squared value of 0.5772936, both of which suggested a robust association. The p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence that the relationship between these variables is not simply the result of mere chance. It's as if statistical analysis served us an ace right when we least expected it.

Fig. 1 illustrates the impressive correlation between these seemingly unrelated events, showcasing a clear trend that may have you exclaiming, "Talk about an unexpected match-up!"

Our findings suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. While this may seem like quite the curveball (or should we say, "curve squash"?), the data tells a compelling tale of connection between triumph on the squash court and solemn gatherings in the state of Utah.

The implications of this unexpected association stretch far beyond the squash court and the pews of Utah churches, sparking lively discussions and inspiring further research. It's the kind of revelation that may have you mulling over whether a powerful forehand rally could be the root cause of increased funeral attendance. As if causation and correlation are dancing a delicate waltz, our results hint at a deeper interplay, prompting us to serve up a volley of questions for future exploration.

In this study, we have not only uncovered a remarkable correlation but also ignited a new line of inquiry that challenges traditional boundaries. Our findings serve as a gentle reminder that even the most unexpected relationships may hold valuable insights, much like a surprise drop shot catching the opponent off guard.

These results beckon us to delve deeper into the realms of sports, societal behaviors, and the curious connections that lie within. We invite readers to join us in contemplating this unexpected revelation and perhaps pondering a new quip to add to their serving repertoire. After all, the path to discovery often calls for a little humor to serve as a slice shot of levity amidst the serious inquiry.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
In "Squash and Society: A Statistical Analysis," Smith et al. explore the intersection of squash competitions and societal trends. While their focus is primarily on the impact of squash championships on local economies and fitness trends, it lays the groundwork for our exploration of the broader societal implications of squash events.
As we delve further into the literature, Doe and Jones, in their work "The Social Dynamics of Sports," provide insights into the ways in which sports events can influence community behaviors. Although their research primarily focuses on popular team sports, it sets the stage for considering the ripple effects of competitive sports on unexpected aspects of community life.
Transitioning to non-fiction books related to unconventional societal phenomenon, "Freakonomics" by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner may initially seem unrelated to our topic. However, their exploration of the unexpected connections between seemingly unrelated events serves as a source of inspiration for our own surprising findings. Who knew that the correlation between squash and funerals could rival some of the eyebrow-raising correlations uncovered in "Freakonomics"?
Moving into the realm of fiction, the novel "The Squash Court Murders" presents a narrative that intertwines the intensity of squash matches with unexpected plot twists. While obviously not a source of academic research, it serves as a reminder that unexpected connections can arise in the most unlikely of scenarios. Much like our own findings, this novel demonstrates that sometimes truth can be stranger than fiction, especially when it comes to the unexplored territory of squash and societal phenomena.
In a surprising turn of events, the board game "Clue" may be more relevant than one might expect to our topic. Just as the game challenges players to uncover unexpected connections and solve mysteries, our study has unraveled a correlation that, much like a surprise twist in a board game, invites further investigation and speculation.
In "The Squash Champion's Guide to Funeral Etiquette," a tongue-in-cheek approach to a rather somber topic, we encounter a humorous narrative that unexpectedly touches on the intersection of squash and funerals. While its intent may be lighthearted and comical, it provides an entertaining parallel to the unexpected association we have uncovered in our own research.
Now, similar to the plot-twist in these unconventional sources, let's shift gears and inject some levity into this literature review. Why did the squash player bring string to the funeral? Because he heard it was a racket! Speaking of rackets, our findings are bound to make quite a racquet in the academic community as we serve up the surprising and thought-provoking correlation between squash championships and funeral attendances in Utah.

[[RESULTS]]
Our investigation into the relationship between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in Utah yielded intriguing results that may leave you considering a whole new kind of "match point."
We found a statistically significant positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 and an r-squared value of 0.5772936, both of which suggested a robust association. The p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence that the relationship between these variables is not simply the result of mere chance. It's as if statistical analysis served us an ace right when we least expected it.
Fig. 1 illustrates the impressive correlation between these seemingly unrelated events, showcasing a clear trend that may have you exclaiming, "Talk about an unexpected match-up!"
Our findings suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. While this may seem like quite the curveball (or should we say, "curve squash"?), the data tells a compelling tale of connection between triumph on the squash court and solemn gatherings in the state of Utah.
The implications of this unexpected association stretch far beyond the squash court and the pews of Utah churches, sparking lively discussions and inspiring further research. It's the kind of revelation that may have you mulling over whether a powerful forehand rally could be the root cause of increased funeral attendance. As if causation and correlation are dancing a delicate waltz, our results hint at a deeper interplay, prompting us to serve up a volley of questions for future exploration.
In this study, we have not only uncovered a remarkable correlation but also ignited a new line of inquiry that challenges traditional boundaries. Our findings serve as a gentle reminder that even the most unexpected relationships may hold valuable insights, much like a surprise drop shot catching the opponent off guard.
These results beckon us to delve deeper into the realms of sports, societal behaviors, and the curious connections that lie within. We invite readers to join us in contemplating this unexpected revelation and perhaps pondering a new quip to add to their serving repertoire. After all, the path to discovery often calls for a little humor to serve as a slice shot of levity amidst the serious inquiry.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

Our study has successfully confirmed the unexpected yet robust correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in Utah. These findings corroborate and extend the work of previous researchers who have delved into unconventional societal phenomena.

In the words of the renowned author Steven J. Levitt, who may have been thinking one step ahead when he co-wrote "Freakonomics," it seems we have stumbled upon a correlation that reigns supreme in the realm of unexpected connections. As our results align with the statistical significance and positive relationship suggested in the literature, it's as if we've scored a point for the underdog of sporting event correlations.

Our findings not only add to the growing body of knowledge on the societal impact of sports events but also emphasize the importance of considering unanticipated relationships in research. After all, who would have thought that a love for the racket and the funeral wake would have such a striking rapport?

Expanding on the amusing parallel drawn from "The Squash Champion's Guide to Funeral Etiquette," it's clear that our research has provided much more than just a polite nod to the surprising correlation we've uncovered. In fact, we've uncovered a connection so compelling that it may have onlookers exclaiming, "That's a real game-changer indeed!"

Furthermore, our results serve as a gentle reminder that statistical analysis can sometimes deliver surprising aces and serve up unexpected revelations. As we continue to explore the implications of this unlikely association, may we always keep in mind that sometimes the most curious connections hold the key to unlocking intriguing insights.

So, why did the squash player bring champagne to the funeral? Because he knew it was time to celebrate an unforeseen connection that has aced its way into the academic arena! Cheers to uncovering the hidden synergies between squash championships and funeral attendances, and may we continue to volley our way through uncharted territories of societal phenomena with a dash of humor and a generous sprinkle of statistical curiosity.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship and The number of funeral attendants in Utah. You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah

[[ABSTRACT]]
Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"

By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.

Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
Picture this: a bustling squash court filled with fierce competitors, each vying to serve up their very best. Meanwhile, in a quiet church in Utah, mourners gather to bid farewell to a loved one, their hearts heavy with grief. At first glance, these two scenarios may seem as unrelated as a squash racket and a funeral casket. However, as we delved into our research, we uncovered a surprising link that might just leave you exclaiming, "Well, isn't that an ace in the hole!"
The purpose of this study was to examine the rather unexpected association between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the state of Utah. By diving into the data with a racket in one hand and a stack of funeral programs in the other, we sought to shed light on the intertwining of these seemingly disparate events. It's the kind of connection that may make you think twice before squeezing in one more game of squash before a visit to the 19th hole.
As any good researcher knows, the pursuit of knowledge often involves navigating uncharted terrain. In this case, we found ourselves venturing into the unexplored territory where sports and societal phenomena converge. It's a bit like stumbling upon an unexpected squash ball in the midst of a somber funeral procession – a twist that certainly adds an element of surprise to the game.
Before we delve into the data, it's important to address the proverbial elephant in the room – or should we say, the squash court? Some may doubt the notion that the outcome of an intense squash match could have any bearing on the attendance at funerals in Utah. But as researchers, it is our duty to approach these unconventional inquiries with an open mind and perhaps a well-struck backhand.
In the following sections, we will present our findings, accompanied by an array of statistical analyses that pack a punch – not unlike a powerful serve down the T. Our results promise to serve up a volley of insights that will give readers plenty to ponder, much like the spin of a well-executed drop shot.
So, without further ado, let's rally our thoughts, keep an eye on the ball, and explore the unexpected link between squash championships and funeral attendances with a dash of lighthearted humor – because, as every researcher knows, it never hurts to add a bit of levity to a serious study.

[[RESULTS]]
Our investigation into the relationship between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in Utah yielded intriguing results that may leave you considering a whole new kind of "match point."
We found a statistically significant positive correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 and an r-squared value of 0.5772936, both of which suggested a robust association. The p-value of less than 0.01 provided strong evidence that the relationship between these variables is not simply the result of mere chance. It's as if statistical analysis served us an ace right when we least expected it.
Fig. 1 illustrates the impressive correlation between these seemingly unrelated events, showcasing a clear trend that may have you exclaiming, "Talk about an unexpected match-up!"
Our findings suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. While this may seem like quite the curveball (or should we say, "curve squash"?), the data tells a compelling tale of connection between triumph on the squash court and solemn gatherings in the state of Utah.
The implications of this unexpected association stretch far beyond the squash court and the pews of Utah churches, sparking lively discussions and inspiring further research. It's the kind of revelation that may have you mulling over whether a powerful forehand rally could be the root cause of increased funeral attendance. As if causation and correlation are dancing a delicate waltz, our results hint at a deeper interplay, prompting us to serve up a volley of questions for future exploration.
In this study, we have not only uncovered a remarkable correlation but also ignited a new line of inquiry that challenges traditional boundaries. Our findings serve as a gentle reminder that even the most unexpected relationships may hold valuable insights, much like a surprise drop shot catching the opponent off guard.
These results beckon us to delve deeper into the realms of sports, societal behaviors, and the curious connections that lie within. We invite readers to join us in contemplating this unexpected revelation and perhaps pondering a new quip to add to their serving repertoire. After all, the path to discovery often calls for a little humor to serve as a slice shot of levity amidst the serious inquiry.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In conclusion, our research has served up a surprising revelation about the curious connection between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and funeral attendances in Utah. It seems that the squash court and the funeral parlor may not be as unrelated as one might think – they could even be serving up a "match" of their own! Our statistical analysis has shown a strong positive correlation between these variables, with a correlation coefficient that could make even the most seasoned squash player do a double take.

As we wrap up this research, we cannot help but reflect on the unexpected nature of our findings. The idea that a thrilling squash match could have any bearing on the attendance at funerals in Utah might seem like a bit of a "slice" shot, but the data speaks for itself. It's as if the game of statistics decided to play a little prank on us, delivering an unexpected twist – much like a well-disguised drop shot catching us off guard!

While our results undoubtedly raise eyebrows, we must acknowledge that our research is not without its limitations. After all, as researchers, we always strive to serve up the most comprehensive and well-rounded analysis, much like a perfectly executed service. However, the unanticipated relationship we uncovered between these disparate events has left us feeling both intrigued and slightly amused – it's as if a squash ball bounced out of nowhere and landed in the most unexpected of places!

In light of our findings, we firmly assert that no further research is needed in this area. Our results have served up a compelling match point, leaving us with the fundamental knowledge that the world of sports and the solemn rituals of life and death may be more intertwined than initially perceived. So, as we bid adieu to this study, we invite fellow researchers to consider the unexpected connections that may lie hidden beneath the surface, much like a surprising squash shot that leaves the opponent scratching their head.

With that said, this paper concludes our research on a note of revelation and a hint of lightheartedness, much like a well-placed volley that catches everyone off guard. After all, when it comes to unearthing unexpected correlations, it never hurts to add a dash of humor to the court – or in this case, to the research paper.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Unusual Correlations and Odd Phenomena


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Center for Quirky Sports and Social Phenomena Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Squashing the Competition: A Forensic Examination of the Rigorous Connection Between World Open Squash Men's Final Sets Played and Funeral Attendances in Utah with an abstract of Life and death are often thought to have no common ground, but our research suggests otherwise. In this groundbreaking study, we set out to explore the uncharted territory of the correlation between the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship and the attendance at funerals in the picturesque state of Utah. As we dove into the data, we discovered a striking connection that may leave you saying, "That's a real game-changer!"
By analyzing data from 2003 to 2022, sourced from Wikipedia and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we calculated a correlation coefficient of 0.7597984 with a p-value less than 0.01. This statistically significant finding indicates a strong positive relationship between these seemingly unrelated events. It's as if a referee blew the whistle and called a "fault" for underestimating the hidden ties in the squash court and the somber church pews.
Our results suggest that as the number of sets played in the World Open Squash Men's Championship increases, so does the attendance at funerals in Utah. The implications of this unexpected association may lead to further investigation and inspire many lively debates, possibly even at the 19th hole. This research provides a new perspective on the interplay between sports and societal behaviors, and we invite you to join us in our exploration as we serve up some thought-provoking insights with a side of squash-related puns.

ChatGPT:

World Open Squash Men's Championship, funeral attendance, Utah, correlation, sets played, forensic examination, sports and societal behaviors, statistical analysis, unusual correlations

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship
Detailed data title: Number of sets played in final of World Open (Squash) Men's championship
Source: Wikipedia
See what else correlates with Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship

The number of funeral attendants in Utah
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of funeral attendants in Utah
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of funeral attendants in Utah

Correlation r = 0.7597984 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.5772936 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 57.7% of the change in the one variable (i.e., The number of funeral attendants in Utah) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship) over the 20 years from 2003 through 2022.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 0.000102. 0.0001016629138478055000000000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.76 in 0.0102% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 9,836 random variables Which I absolutely did.
with the same 19 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 19 because we have two variables measured over a period of 20 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.48, 0.9 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship (Sets)45353434455534544445
The number of funeral attendants in Utah (Funeral Attendants)180180110130100120110140140210190150100120150130150160130210




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([4,5,3,5,3,4,3,4,4,5,5,5,3,4,5,4,4,4,4,5,])
array_2 = np.array([180,180,110,130,100,120,110,140,140,210,190,150,100,120,150,130,150,160,130,210,])
array_1_name = "Number of sets played in final of World Open Squash Men's championship"
array_2_name = "The number of funeral attendants in Utah"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You may re-use the images on this page for any purpose, even commercial purposes, without asking for permission. The only requirement is that you attribute Tyler Vigen. Attribution can take many different forms. If you leave the "tylervigen.com" link in the image, that satisfies it just fine. If you remove it and move it to a footnote, that's fine too. You can also just write "Charts courtesy of Tyler Vigen" at the bottom of an article.

You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 3112 · Black Variable ID: 277 · Red Variable ID: 15094
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