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Spurious correlation #1,268 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the second variable is Barclays' stock price (BCS).  The chart goes from 2004 to 2020, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey decreases, there are fewer people available to stop the spread of invasive financial weed species, leading to a decrease in natural stock value and ultimately causing Barclays' stock price (BCS) to decrease.

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image using the style of cute art illustration, depicting a forest clearing in New Jersey. In the foreground, a group of conservation workers are planting young trees and tending to the lush greenery. Nearby, a digital display shows Barclays' stock price falling sharply, indicated by a downward graph on a monitor. The contrast between the thriving forest and the declining stock price signifies the impact of the reduced number of forest workers on the bank's investments. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: A photo-realistic image Cutsy graphics Cutsy art illustration Voxel art Cutsy art illustration
ChatGPT: Cutsy art illustration

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS), in the following situation: As the number of tree-huggers decreased, the environment became less bankable, leading to a log jam in Barclays' stock price. With fewer tree enthusiasts around, the market saw a stump in confidence in the sustainability of the bank's investments, and investors weren't willing to branch out. It seems the absence of these workers left Barclays pining for a greener future, causing their stock to take a trunk-ated nosedive.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a forest clearing in New Jersey, a group of conservation workers is seen planting young trees and tending to the lush greenery. Nearby, a digital display shows Barclays' stock price falling sharply, indicated by a downward graph on a monitor. The contrast between the thriving forest and the declining stock price signifies the impact of the reduced number of forest workers on the bank's investments.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ Cutsy art illustration ] and depicting this scene: In a forest clearing in New Jersey, a group of conservation workers is seen planting young trees and tending to the lush greenery. Nearby, a digital display shows Barclays' stock price falling sharply, indicated by a downward graph on a monitor. The contrast between the thriving forest and the declining stock price signifies the impact of the reduced number of forest workers on the bank's investments. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image using the style of cute art illustration, depicting a forest clearing in New Jersey. In the foreground, a group of conservation workers are planting young trees and tending to the lush greenery. Nearby, a digital display shows Barclays' stock price falling sharply, indicated by a downward graph on a monitor. The contrast between the thriving forest and the declining stock price signifies the impact of the reduced number of forest workers on the bank's investments.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how a decrease in The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey caused Barclays' stock price (BCS) to decrease. Make it feel plausible.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price

The Journal of Ecological Economics and Investment

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p < 0.01 for 2004 to 2020.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

As the saying goes, "money doesn't grow on trees," but what if I told you that trees could have an impact on stock prices? Our research aims to shed light on the often overlooked yet intriguing relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS).

Speaking of trees, did you hear about the oak who went to the party? He heard it was going to be tree-mendous! In the world of research, however, we are no strangers to branching out and exploring unconventional connections. We sought to determine whether the labor force responsible for preserving and managing the state's wooded areas could have a tangible influence on the financial market.

The idea that forest-related employment could affect a global financial institution's stock price may sound like a tall tale, but our investigation unfurled some compelling insights. Utilizing data as carefully curated as a bonsai, we examined employment figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Barclays' stock price data from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv).

It's statistically significant, to say the least. Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, making it almost as clear as day that there is indeed a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It might seem like a forest of work, but it's all in a day's research.

You might be thinking, "Surely, this is just like barking up the wrong tree." But our findings speak for themselves. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the case for this unexpected interconnection. It's not just a coincidence – there's something significant going on here.

And now for another dad joke: Did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a river with an average depth of 6 inches? He forgot to account for the mean!

The implications of our research extend beyond the realms of forestry and finance. We are reminded that in the forest of data and statistics, hidden connections can emerge, much like the roots of a towering redwood tree. Our findings beckon further exploration into the ripple effects of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, beckoning us to appreciate the interconnection between nature and economics.

So, sit back, relax, and join us as we embark on a journey to uncover the leafy mysteries that lie beneath the surface of the stock market – where the roots of conservation workers may, quite literally, lead to fruitful returns for investors.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then name some cartoons and childrens' shows that you watched that are related to the topic.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the saying goes, "money doesn't grow on trees," but what if I told you that trees could have an impact on stock prices? Our research aims to shed light on the often overlooked yet intriguing relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS).
Speaking of trees, did you hear about the oak who went to the party? He heard it was going to be tree-mendous! In the world of research, however, we are no strangers to branching out and exploring unconventional connections. We sought to determine whether the labor force responsible for preserving and managing the state's wooded areas could have a tangible influence on the financial market.
The idea that forest-related employment could affect a global financial institution's stock price may sound like a tall tale, but our investigation unfurled some compelling insights. Utilizing data as carefully curated as a bonsai, we examined employment figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Barclays' stock price data from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv).
It's statistically significant, to say the least. Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, making it almost as clear as day that there is indeed a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It might seem like a forest of work, but it's all in a day's research.
You might be thinking, "Surely, this is just like barking up the wrong tree." But our findings speak for themselves. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the case for this unexpected interconnection. It's not just a coincidence – there's something significant going on here.
And now for another dad joke: Did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a river with an average depth of 6 inches? He forgot to account for the mean!
The implications of our research extend beyond the realms of forestry and finance. We are reminded that in the forest of data and statistics, hidden connections can emerge, much like the roots of a towering redwood tree. Our findings beckon further exploration into the ripple effects of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, beckoning us to appreciate the interconnection between nature and economics.
So, sit back, relax, and join us as we embark on a journey to uncover the leafy mysteries that lie beneath the surface of the stock market – where the roots of conservation workers may, quite literally, lead to fruitful returns for investors.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The literature on the intricate relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS) is as diverse as the flora in a primordial forest. Smith (2018) examine the impact of green industry employment on financial markets, shedding light on the potential interplay between environmental sectors and stock prices. However, it wasn't until Doe (2019) elucidated the nuanced connection between woodland labor figures and stock performance that the notion took root in academic discourse.

The relationship between employment in arboreal sectors and market movements has not escaped the attention of esteemed researchers. Jones (2020) delved into the underexplored correlation between environmental conservation efforts and financial indicators, unearthing captivating insights that challenge conventional economic wisdom. The authors find that the employment of forest and conservation workers may indeed sway the financial tide, opening up a new frontier in the study of economic interdependencies.

Drawing from the rich literature on economic and environmental interactions, we delve into uncharted territory, akin to spelunking through the root system of a colossal tree. In "Sustainable Investment Strategies," the authors illuminate the growing influence of environmental factors on investment decisions, paving the way for our exploration into the unexpected linkage between woodland labor and stock value.

The literature also offers unexpected parallels, akin to finding a rare species of flora within a bustling city. In "The Wealthy Barber," Chilton (1989) espouses financial wisdom that resonates with the arboreal theme of our investigation, underscoring the importance of tending to economic roots to achieve long-term prosperity. Meanwhile, the fiction-laden realm of "A Walk in the Woods" by Bryson (1998) beckons with its sylvan allure, an enchanting narrative that eerily mirrors the unassuming influence of forest workers on stock price fluctuations.

In a twist of serendipity, children's programming also provides captivating insights into the interplay between nature and economics, proving that the tentacles of research extend far and wide. Cartoons like "Captain Planet and the Planeteers" and "FernGully: The Last Rainforest" inadvertently introduce young viewers to the complex dynamics of environmental stewardship and its potential reverberations in the financial domain. With a nod to these unexpected sources, our research charts new territory in the forest of economic inquiry, where the whimsical and the serious intertwine like ivy on a towering oak.

But here's a dad joke for you: Why don't trees use social media? Because they already have a lot of friends! In the tangled undergrowth of economic research, unexpected connections bloom, and our findings shed light on a facet of the financial ecosystem that is as captivating as it is unexpected.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) . You used data from 2004 to 2020

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
As the saying goes, "money doesn't grow on trees," but what if I told you that trees could have an impact on stock prices? Our research aims to shed light on the often overlooked yet intriguing relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS).
Speaking of trees, did you hear about the oak who went to the party? He heard it was going to be tree-mendous! In the world of research, however, we are no strangers to branching out and exploring unconventional connections. We sought to determine whether the labor force responsible for preserving and managing the state's wooded areas could have a tangible influence on the financial market.
The idea that forest-related employment could affect a global financial institution's stock price may sound like a tall tale, but our investigation unfurled some compelling insights. Utilizing data as carefully curated as a bonsai, we examined employment figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Barclays' stock price data from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv).
It's statistically significant, to say the least. Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, making it almost as clear as day that there is indeed a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It might seem like a forest of work, but it's all in a day's research.
You might be thinking, "Surely, this is just like barking up the wrong tree." But our findings speak for themselves. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the case for this unexpected interconnection. It's not just a coincidence – there's something significant going on here.
And now for another dad joke: Did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a river with an average depth of 6 inches? He forgot to account for the mean!
The implications of our research extend beyond the realms of forestry and finance. We are reminded that in the forest of data and statistics, hidden connections can emerge, much like the roots of a towering redwood tree. Our findings beckon further exploration into the ripple effects of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, beckoning us to appreciate the interconnection between nature and economics.
So, sit back, relax, and join us as we embark on a journey to uncover the leafy mysteries that lie beneath the surface of the stock market – where the roots of conservation workers may, quite literally, lead to fruitful returns for investors.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To unravel the enigmatic correlation between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price, our research scurried through a forest of data sources. We gathered employment numbers from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, prowling through their website like a determined squirrel gathering nuts. Meanwhile, our expedition into the stock market led us to LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv), where we harvested copious amounts of Barclays' stock price data. Our data collection process was as meticulous as a botanist cataloging new plant species, ensuring that we left no stone unturned, or leaf unturned for that matter.

In order to cultivate the most accurate representation of the relationship between these variables, we employed the time-honored tradition of regression analysis. Our data was subjected to the tender ministrations of multiple linear regression modeling, akin to performing a delicate ballet with statistical software. We adjusted for various environmental factors that could potentially sway the stock market, ensuring that our analysis was as precise as a dendrochronologist dating ancient trees.

The correlation coefficient between the employment figures of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price was calculated using the noble Pearson's correlation coefficient. This statistical parameter revealed the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables, much like the guiding light of a firefly in a moonlit forest. Furthermore, our statistical tests were as rigorous as a group of mathematicians huddled around a solution to an unsolvable equation, with a p-value of less than 0.01 signifying the robustness of our findings.

Embracing the spirit of innovation, we also ventured into the depths of machine learning by employing a neural network model. This cutting-edge approach allowed us to explore the complex interplay between the variables, akin to peering into the intricate web of roots beneath the forest floor. The results of this analysis provided supplementary insights, enhancing the depth and breadth of our exploration, much like discovering a hidden grove in the heart of a dense woodland.

In essence, our methodology was designed to excavate the underlying connections between these seemingly disparate elements, unearthing a rich tapestry of relationships hidden beneath the surface. So, just like a squirrel meticulously gathering data acorns for the winter, we scoured through the information forest to cultivate a comprehensive understanding of the entwined ecosystem of employment and stock prices.



Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from Bureau of Larbor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) .

For the time period 2004 to 2020, you found a correlation 0.9459558, r-squared of 0.8948324, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
As the saying goes, "money doesn't grow on trees," but what if I told you that trees could have an impact on stock prices? Our research aims to shed light on the often overlooked yet intriguing relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS).
Speaking of trees, did you hear about the oak who went to the party? He heard it was going to be tree-mendous! In the world of research, however, we are no strangers to branching out and exploring unconventional connections. We sought to determine whether the labor force responsible for preserving and managing the state's wooded areas could have a tangible influence on the financial market.
The idea that forest-related employment could affect a global financial institution's stock price may sound like a tall tale, but our investigation unfurled some compelling insights. Utilizing data as carefully curated as a bonsai, we examined employment figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Barclays' stock price data from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv).
It's statistically significant, to say the least. Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, making it almost as clear as day that there is indeed a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It might seem like a forest of work, but it's all in a day's research.
You might be thinking, "Surely, this is just like barking up the wrong tree." But our findings speak for themselves. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the case for this unexpected interconnection. It's not just a coincidence – there's something significant going on here.
And now for another dad joke: Did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a river with an average depth of 6 inches? He forgot to account for the mean!
The implications of our research extend beyond the realms of forestry and finance. We are reminded that in the forest of data and statistics, hidden connections can emerge, much like the roots of a towering redwood tree. Our findings beckon further exploration into the ripple effects of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, beckoning us to appreciate the interconnection between nature and economics.
So, sit back, relax, and join us as we embark on a journey to uncover the leafy mysteries that lie beneath the surface of the stock market – where the roots of conservation workers may, quite literally, lead to fruitful returns for investors.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The results of our investigation revealed a root-worthy discovery, indicating a robust connection between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS) from 2004 to 2020. The statistical analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, bringing us to the tree-mendous realization that these variables are intertwined in a way that has significant implications for both the labor market and the financial sector.

In simpler terms, it's as if the forest and conservation workers were whispering stock market secrets to the trees, and the trees then shared these insights with Barclays. This unexpected relationship, akin to the interdependence of the canopy and the forest floor, prompts us to rethink the dynamics at play in the financial ecosystem.

Our findings also revealed an r-squared value of 0.8948324, suggesting that approximately 89.48% of the variability in Barclays' stock price can be attributed to fluctuations in the employment numbers of forest and conservation workers. It's safe to say that these workers are indeed leaving an undeniable mark on the stock market, much like the rings of a tree documenting its growth over the years.

Now, for a quick arboreal humor break: Why did the tree go to the dentist? It needed a root canal! On a more serious note, our results underscore the rooted connection between seemingly unrelated variables and highlight the significance of the labor force in influencing investment behavior.

To visually illustrate this compelling association, we present Fig. 1, a scatterplot that showcases the strong correlation between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price. It's a sight as captivating as a forest in full bloom, and it offers a clear depiction of the impact these workers have on the financial landscape.

Our research not only bridges the gap between the woodland and Wall Street but also invites further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that lie beyond what meets the eye. It prompts us to appreciate the profound influence of nature on economic systems and the vital role played by those who toil under the forest canopy.

In conclusion, our findings reveal a compelling link between the labor force responsible for nurturing our state’s greenery and the fluctuations in Barclays' stock price. This unexpected connection calls for continued exploration at the intersection of nature and finance, challenging us to embrace the unforeseen correlations that make the world of research a truly tree-mendous place.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The literature on the intricate relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS) is as diverse as the flora in a primordial forest. Smith (2018) examine the impact of green industry employment on financial markets, shedding light on the potential interplay between environmental sectors and stock prices. However, it wasn't until Doe (2019) elucidated the nuanced connection between woodland labor figures and stock performance that the notion took root in academic discourse.
The relationship between employment in arboreal sectors and market movements has not escaped the attention of esteemed researchers. Jones (2020) delved into the underexplored correlation between environmental conservation efforts and financial indicators, unearthing captivating insights that challenge conventional economic wisdom. The authors find that the employment of forest and conservation workers may indeed sway the financial tide, opening up a new frontier in the study of economic interdependencies.
Drawing from the rich literature on economic and environmental interactions, we delve into uncharted territory, akin to spelunking through the root system of a colossal tree. In "Sustainable Investment Strategies," the authors illuminate the growing influence of environmental factors on investment decisions, paving the way for our exploration into the unexpected linkage between woodland labor and stock value.
The literature also offers unexpected parallels, akin to finding a rare species of flora within a bustling city. In "The Wealthy Barber," Chilton (1989) espouses financial wisdom that resonates with the arboreal theme of our investigation, underscoring the importance of tending to economic roots to achieve long-term prosperity. Meanwhile, the fiction-laden realm of "A Walk in the Woods" by Bryson (1998) beckons with its sylvan allure, an enchanting narrative that eerily mirrors the unassuming influence of forest workers on stock price fluctuations.
In a twist of serendipity, children's programming also provides captivating insights into the interplay between nature and economics, proving that the tentacles of research extend far and wide. Cartoons like "Captain Planet and the Planeteers" and "FernGully: The Last Rainforest" inadvertently introduce young viewers to the complex dynamics of environmental stewardship and its potential reverberations in the financial domain. With a nod to these unexpected sources, our research charts new territory in the forest of economic inquiry, where the whimsical and the serious intertwine like ivy on a towering oak.
But here's a dad joke for you: Why don't trees use social media? Because they already have a lot of friends! In the tangled undergrowth of economic research, unexpected connections bloom, and our findings shed light on a facet of the financial ecosystem that is as captivating as it is unexpected.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation revealed a root-worthy discovery, indicating a robust connection between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS) from 2004 to 2020. The statistical analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, bringing us to the tree-mendous realization that these variables are intertwined in a way that has significant implications for both the labor market and the financial sector.
In simpler terms, it's as if the forest and conservation workers were whispering stock market secrets to the trees, and the trees then shared these insights with Barclays. This unexpected relationship, akin to the interdependence of the canopy and the forest floor, prompts us to rethink the dynamics at play in the financial ecosystem.
Our findings also revealed an r-squared value of 0.8948324, suggesting that approximately 89.48% of the variability in Barclays' stock price can be attributed to fluctuations in the employment numbers of forest and conservation workers. It's safe to say that these workers are indeed leaving an undeniable mark on the stock market, much like the rings of a tree documenting its growth over the years.
Now, for a quick arboreal humor break: Why did the tree go to the dentist? It needed a root canal! On a more serious note, our results underscore the rooted connection between seemingly unrelated variables and highlight the significance of the labor force in influencing investment behavior.
To visually illustrate this compelling association, we present Fig. 1, a scatterplot that showcases the strong correlation between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price. It's a sight as captivating as a forest in full bloom, and it offers a clear depiction of the impact these workers have on the financial landscape.
Our research not only bridges the gap between the woodland and Wall Street but also invites further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that lie beyond what meets the eye. It prompts us to appreciate the profound influence of nature on economic systems and the vital role played by those who toil under the forest canopy.
In conclusion, our findings reveal a compelling link between the labor force responsible for nurturing our state’s greenery and the fluctuations in Barclays' stock price. This unexpected connection calls for continued exploration at the intersection of nature and finance, challenging us to embrace the unforeseen correlations that make the world of research a truly tree-mendous place.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

In our discussion, we take a leaf out of the book of research on the intricate relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Our findings not only branch out into uncharted territory but also provide compelling evidence that the labor force responsible for tending to our arboreal wonders may sway the financial markets in unexpected ways. It seems that the forest workers are not just figments of the woodland, but they also play a tangible role in the stock market ecosystem.

The root of our research lies in the very soil of prior literature, where esteemed researchers have already sown the seeds of inquiry into the impact of green industry employment on financial markets. Smith's work, much like a sturdy oak, laid the groundwork for understanding the potential interplay between environmental sectors and stock prices. Doe's revelation of the nuanced connection between woodland labor figures and stock performance added another layer of foliage to this growing body of knowledge. It's no fir-tale that our results aligned with these prior findings, echoing the importance of forest and conservation workers in shaping financial movements.

Speaking of trees and stocks, here's a dad joke to keep the atmosphere light: Why did the stock trader bring a ladder to work? Because he heard the market was about to take off! But in all seriousness, our statistically robust correlation coefficient and p-value less than 0.01 from 2004 to 2020 suggest a compelling association between these seemingly unrelated variables and stock price movements. It's as if the forest and conservation workers have been quietly rooting for Barclays all along.

The unexpected parallels in our literature review, reminiscent of finding a rare species of flora within a bustling city, underscore the deceptively complex dynamics at play. Just like the nuanced insights unearthed by Jones, our research highlights the potential sway of environmental conservation efforts, upending conventional economic wisdom. It's as if the forest workers have been trading stock tips with the sage old trees, underscoring the far-reaching impact of their labor on financial indicators.

Here's a forest-themed pun to keep spirits high: Did you hear about the tree who became an author? He wrote a best-seller because his ideas were tree-mendous! Our findings depict the intrinsic link between the labor force nurturing our state's greenery and the fluctuations in Barclays' stock price, shedding light on a facet of the financial system as captivating as it is unforeseen. It seems that the woodsy workforce may be quietly shaping the future of investment behavior, offering a new perspective on the interconnections in our economic ecosystem.

So, as we continue to unearth the unexpected connections between nature and economics, our research stands tall as a testament to the unforeseen correlations that make the world of research a truly tree-mendous place. It's time to embrace the interwoven fabric of our financial and environmental systems and appreciate the vital role played by those who toil under the forest canopy. After all, it's not just about stocks and trees – it's about acknowledging the unseen forces that shape our world, whether they grow in the forest or on the stock exchange floor.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price (BCS). You can't resist a good dad joke. Add a relevant dad joke related to the content every couple of sentences. Sneak in some jokes and clever puns about science, research, statistics, and the variables.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
"Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price"

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.

Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.

A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
As the saying goes, "money doesn't grow on trees," but what if I told you that trees could have an impact on stock prices? Our research aims to shed light on the often overlooked yet intriguing relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS).
Speaking of trees, did you hear about the oak who went to the party? He heard it was going to be tree-mendous! In the world of research, however, we are no strangers to branching out and exploring unconventional connections. We sought to determine whether the labor force responsible for preserving and managing the state's wooded areas could have a tangible influence on the financial market.
The idea that forest-related employment could affect a global financial institution's stock price may sound like a tall tale, but our investigation unfurled some compelling insights. Utilizing data as carefully curated as a bonsai, we examined employment figures from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Barclays' stock price data from LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv).
It's statistically significant, to say the least. Our analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, making it almost as clear as day that there is indeed a substantial relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables. It might seem like a forest of work, but it's all in a day's research.
You might be thinking, "Surely, this is just like barking up the wrong tree." But our findings speak for themselves. The p-value of less than 0.01 further strengthens the case for this unexpected interconnection. It's not just a coincidence – there's something significant going on here.
And now for another dad joke: Did you hear about the statistician who drowned in a river with an average depth of 6 inches? He forgot to account for the mean!
The implications of our research extend beyond the realms of forestry and finance. We are reminded that in the forest of data and statistics, hidden connections can emerge, much like the roots of a towering redwood tree. Our findings beckon further exploration into the ripple effects of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, beckoning us to appreciate the interconnection between nature and economics.
So, sit back, relax, and join us as we embark on a journey to uncover the leafy mysteries that lie beneath the surface of the stock market – where the roots of conservation workers may, quite literally, lead to fruitful returns for investors.

[[RESULTS]]
The results of our investigation revealed a root-worthy discovery, indicating a robust connection between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS) from 2004 to 2020. The statistical analysis unveiled a striking correlation coefficient of 0.9459558, bringing us to the tree-mendous realization that these variables are intertwined in a way that has significant implications for both the labor market and the financial sector.
In simpler terms, it's as if the forest and conservation workers were whispering stock market secrets to the trees, and the trees then shared these insights with Barclays. This unexpected relationship, akin to the interdependence of the canopy and the forest floor, prompts us to rethink the dynamics at play in the financial ecosystem.
Our findings also revealed an r-squared value of 0.8948324, suggesting that approximately 89.48% of the variability in Barclays' stock price can be attributed to fluctuations in the employment numbers of forest and conservation workers. It's safe to say that these workers are indeed leaving an undeniable mark on the stock market, much like the rings of a tree documenting its growth over the years.
Now, for a quick arboreal humor break: Why did the tree go to the dentist? It needed a root canal! On a more serious note, our results underscore the rooted connection between seemingly unrelated variables and highlight the significance of the labor force in influencing investment behavior.
To visually illustrate this compelling association, we present Fig. 1, a scatterplot that showcases the strong correlation between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and Barclays' stock price. It's a sight as captivating as a forest in full bloom, and it offers a clear depiction of the impact these workers have on the financial landscape.
Our research not only bridges the gap between the woodland and Wall Street but also invites further exploration into the intricate web of relationships that lie beyond what meets the eye. It prompts us to appreciate the profound influence of nature on economic systems and the vital role played by those who toil under the forest canopy.
In conclusion, our findings reveal a compelling link between the labor force responsible for nurturing our state’s greenery and the fluctuations in Barclays' stock price. This unexpected connection calls for continued exploration at the intersection of nature and finance, challenging us to embrace the unforeseen correlations that make the world of research a truly tree-mendous place.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In closing, our research has unearthed a barkingly fascinating association between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). The statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 revealed a connection as sturdy as an oak tree, demonstrating the tangible impact of these workers on investment behavior.

To put it in simpler terms, it's as if the forest and conservation workers were silently influencing the stock market, quite literally turning over a new leaf in the world of finance. It's a testament to the unexpected connections that hide among the intricate branches of data and statistics.

And now, for an arboreal quip to drive the point home: Why do trees make the worst frenemies? They're the root of all evil! But on a lighter note, our findings emphasize the significance of considering diverse factors in financial analyses, reminding us to never leaf any stone unturned in our pursuit of knowledge.

In the grand scheme of things, our research not only highlights the significant role of the woodsy workforce in shaping investment trends but also roots for further exploration into the nuanced relationships between seemingly unrelated variables. It's as refreshing as a breeze through the forest, nudging us to embrace the unexpected in our scientific pursuits.

Lastly, as we dust off our lab coats and close the book on this investigation, we assert that no more research is needed in this area. After all, we've already branched out and uncovered a treasure trove of insights. It's time to leaf this topic on a high note – no, not a high C, just a high note of scientific discovery.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Ecological Economics and Investment


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Arboreal Economics and Investment Studies


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Forest and Conservation Workers: A Tree-mendous Impact on Barclays' Stock Price with an abstract of In this paper, we branch out to explore the relationship between the number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey and the stock price of Barclays (BCS). Utilizing a methodological approach that is as solid as an oak, our research team harnessed data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv) to delve into this unique interconnection. With a statistical correlation coefficient of 0.9459558 and p-value less than 0.01 for the period from 2004 to 2020, our findings reveal a surprisingly root-worthy association.
Out on a limb, one might wonder: could the presence of forest and conservation workers in the Garden State truly sway the stock market? The answer, to our pleasant surprise, appears to be yes. Our results provide noteworthy evidence that fluctuations in the employment numbers of these arbor-ably dedicated individuals correspond with noteworthy movements in Barclays' stock price.
A relevant dad joke for the road: What did the tree say to the lumberjack? "I'm falling for you." But on a more serious note, our findings call attention to the far-reaching implications of seemingly disparate sectors on financial markets, and underscore the potential for growth in the woodsy workforce to leave a significant mark on investment behavior.

ChatGPT:

forest and conservation workers, New Jersey, stock price, Barclays, BCS, Bureau of Labor Statistics, LSEG Analytics, Refinitiv, correlation coefficient, p-value, employment numbers, arborists, financial markets, investment behavior, woodsy workforce

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey
Detailed data title: BLS estimate of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey
Source: Bureau of Larbor Statistics
See what else correlates with The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey

Barclays' stock price (BCS)
Detailed data title: Opening price of Barclays (BCS) on the first trading day of the year
Source: LSEG Analytics (Refinitiv)
Additional Info: Via Microsoft Excel Stockhistory function

See what else correlates with Barclays' stock price (BCS)

Correlation r = 0.9459558 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8948324 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 89.5% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Barclays' stock price (BCS)) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey) over the 17 years from 2004 through 2020.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 9.8E-9. 0.0000000098163180061421590000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.95 in 9.8E-7% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 101,871,190 random variables You don't actually need 101 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 16 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 16 because we have two variables measured over a period of 17 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.85, 0.98 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
20042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020
The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey (Laborers)118012701080118011808013012014018015022016015014010090
Barclays' stock price (BCS) (Stock price)33.8142.3639.3954.7537.878.3616.715.410.5616.5418.115.112.6311.3810.987.49.69




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([1180,1270,1080,1180,1180,80,130,120,140,180,150,220,160,150,140,100,90,])
array_2 = np.array([33.81,42.36,39.39,54.75,37.87,8.36,16.7,15.4,10.56,16.54,18.1,15.1,12.63,11.38,10.98,7.4,9.69,])
array_1_name = "The number of forest and conservation workers in New Jersey"
array_2_name = "Barclays' stock price (BCS)"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 1268 · Black Variable ID: 17227 · Red Variable ID: 1839
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