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Spurious correlation #3,579 · View random

A linear line chart with years as the X-axis and two variables on the Y-axis. The first variable is GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and the second variable is Geothermal power generated in Russia.  The chart goes from 2000 to 2021, and the two variables track closely in value over that time. Small Image
Download png
, svg

AI explanation

As the soybeans in South Dakota became more genetically modified, their roots unknowingly started transmitting signals deep into the Earth. This inadvertently activated a network of interconnected geothermal power sources in Russia, leading to an unexpected surge in clean energy production. It's a classic case of soy-powered geothermal goodness, proving once again that nature and technology can create the most unexpected connections!

Model: dalle-3
Prompt: Generate an image inspired by the Bauhaus style depicting a sun-drenched South Dakota field. Show rows of tall soybean plants swaying gently in the warm breeze, their leaves bearing the mark of GMO use. Nearby, a towering geothermal power plant stands in stark contrast against the serene landscape. Across the world, in Russia, depict workers unloading surplus GMO soybeans from South Dakota. Suddenly, an accidental mix-up causes the beans to tumble into the power plant's furnace, igniting a comical burst of energy. The power plant sputters to life, emitting plumes of steam and generating a sudden spike in geothermal power production, much to the bemusement of onlookers. Capture the essence of the scene in a visually striking and playful manner while staying true to the theme of Bauhaus. The depiction should include only scenes, people, and objects, it should not include text or speech bubbles.
This image generation prompt was also generated by AI, using the following sequence:

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You select one of a few potential scene descriptors that seems to go along with the variables described. You respond only with the scene descriptions provided and say nothing else.
User prompt: Here are two variables: GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Given these, which of the following image style descriptions seems most appropriate? Pick the one that seems to be related to one of the variables at hand. Please respond with only one of the following potential descriptions: Vaporwave A Discovery magazine cover image inspired by bauhaus High-tech a funny image macro
ChatGPT: inspired by bauhaus

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You describe simple visual scenes that depict the two variables stated. You combine both variables into one scene.
User prompt: Please describe a visual scene that prominently depicts both GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia, in the following situation: The increase in GMO soybeans in South Dakota led to a surplus of beans, which were shipped to Russia. The beans were so hot that they accidentally fueled the geothermal power plants, causing a hilarious spike in energy production.. Keep the description simple.
ChatGPT: In a sun-drenched South Dakota field, rows of tall soybean plants sway gently in the warm breeze, their leaves bearing the mark of GMO use. Nearby, a towering geothermal power plant stands in stark contrast against the serene landscape. Across the world, in Russia, the surplus GMO soybeans from South Dakota have arrived, and workers are unloading the cargo. Suddenly, an accidental mix-up causes the beans to tumble into the power plant's furnace, igniting a comical burst of energy. The power plant sputters to life, emitting plumes of steam and generating a sudden spike in geothermal power production, much to the bemusement of onlookers.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You write and improve image generation prompts for DALLE-3. You maintain the same subjects, but enhance the visuals.
User prompt: Please respond with an image generation prompt that would be likely to create an interesting visual using DALLE-3, using the following style: [ inspired by bauhaus ] and depicting this scene: In a sun-drenched South Dakota field, rows of tall soybean plants sway gently in the warm breeze, their leaves bearing the mark of GMO use. Nearby, a towering geothermal power plant stands in stark contrast against the serene landscape. Across the world, in Russia, the surplus GMO soybeans from South Dakota have arrived, and workers are unloading the cargo. Suddenly, an accidental mix-up causes the beans to tumble into the power plant's furnace, igniting a comical burst of energy. The power plant sputters to life, emitting plumes of steam and generating a sudden spike in geothermal power production, much to the bemusement of onlookers. Keep the visual depiction simple. Do not include any words or speech bubbles.
ChatGPT: Generate an image inspired by the Bauhaus style depicting a sun-drenched South Dakota field. Show rows of tall soybean plants swaying gently in the warm breeze, their leaves bearing the mark of GMO use. Nearby, a towering geothermal power plant stands in stark contrast against the serene landscape. Across the world, in Russia, depict workers unloading surplus GMO soybeans from South Dakota. Suddenly, an accidental mix-up causes the beans to tumble into the power plant's furnace, igniting a comical burst of energy. The power plant sputters to life, emitting plumes of steam and generating a sudden spike in geothermal power production, much to the bemusement of onlookers. Capture the essence of the scene in a visually striking and playful manner while staying true to the theme of Bauhaus.

*Variations in the User Prompts from chart to chart are just the result of random number generation in Python. I wrote a few arrays of various styles and methods to ask questions to change up the results. Every time this site writes an explanation or generates an image, the script picks from each at random.

I sequence the requests into multiple prompts because I find GPT 3.5 to perform much better with short, well-managed contexts. Thus, I track the context directly in Python and only ask ChatGPT targeted questions.

Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 (fine-tuned)
System prompt: You provide humorous responses in the form of plausible sounding explanations for correlations. You assume the correlation is causative for the purpose of the explanation even if it is ridiculous. You do not chat with the user, you only reply with the causal connection explanation and nothing else.
User prompt: Please make up a funny explanation for how an increase in GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota caused Geothermal power generated in Russia to increase.

AI academic paper

(Because p < 0.01)
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

The Journal of Agricultural Alchemy

Jan 2024

Reminder: This paper is AI-generated. Not real!
Quick note: This sequence is long and repetitive. That's how the prompt engineering works for this one. I manage the output in Python to format it into this PDF.




Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You write titles and abstracts of goofy academic research papers.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, and add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please draft the title and abstract of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Make the title seem clever.

Your research team used data from USDA and Energy Information Administration to assess this nagging question. You found a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for 2000 to 2021.

Please respond in this format (replace "Lorem ipsum dolor sit" with your title and abstract)

[[TITLE]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit

[[ABSTRACT]]
Lorem ipsum dolor sit



ChatGPT:
[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the introduction section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the introduction section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[INTRODUCTION]]



ChatGPT:
[[INTRODUCTION]]

The notion of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has long been a subject of debate and contention, sparking fervent discussions at dinner tables and scientific symposiums alike. On the other hand, geothermal power, much like a reliable sitcom, quietly persists in the background, often overlooked but steadfast in its contribution to the world's energy needs. These two seemingly disparate entities have now found themselves entangled in an unlikely dance of peculiar correlation, akin to an unexpected tango between soybeans and steam.

As we delve into this peculiar pairing, it becomes clear that the world of research is much like a circus - filled with acts that astound, humor, and confound in equal measure. Our curiosity was piqued by the enigmatic relationship between GMO soybeans in the heart of South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in the distant lands of Russia. The stage was set for a grand spectacle – or potentially, purely coincidental aberration.

Without further ado, let us embark on a journey that seeks to unravel the mysteries of what we have affectionately termed the "soy-thermal phenomenon." Our expedition aims to bring to light the unexpected alliance between these two seemingly incongruous forces and to uncover the implications that lie beneath this peculiar correlation. Get ready to bask in the warmth of geothermal puns, as we endeavor to shine a light on this unsuspected association. Join us as we unearth the roots of this intertwining tale of soy and steam, and explore the possible connections that tie together the harvester and the heat pump.

In the following pages, we will navigate through the data, statistical analyses, and historical perspectives, venturing into the uncharted territory of soybeans and steam turbines. While the road ahead may be paved with unpredictability, we invite our esteemed readers to revel in the curiosity that propels our investigation and the unexpected humor that occasionally bubbles to the surface. Welcome to the riveting world of "Soylent Steam." We promise an exhilarating yet informative rollercoaster ride through the captivating realms of genetically modified soybeans and the energy-rich landscapes of geothermal power.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft a literature review section of an academic research paper, that starts out dry for the first few sentences but then becomes hilarious and goofy.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a literature review section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns.

Speak in the present tense for this section (the authors find...), as is common in academic research paper literature reviews. Name the sources in a format similar to this: In "Book," the authors find lorem and ipsum.

Make up the lorem and ipsum part, but make it sound related to the topic at hand.

Start by naming serious-sounding studies by authors like Smith, Doe, and Jones - but then quickly devolve. Name some real non-fiction books that would be related to the topic. Then name some real fiction books that sound like they could be related. Then devolve ever further, and mention something completely ridiculous, like you conducted literature review by reading CVS receipts.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

-------

And here is the introduction section that led to this literature review:
[[INTRODUCTION]]
The notion of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has long been a subject of debate and contention, sparking fervent discussions at dinner tables and scientific symposiums alike. On the other hand, geothermal power, much like a reliable sitcom, quietly persists in the background, often overlooked but steadfast in its contribution to the world's energy needs. These two seemingly disparate entities have now found themselves entangled in an unlikely dance of peculiar correlation, akin to an unexpected tango between soybeans and steam.
As we delve into this peculiar pairing, it becomes clear that the world of research is much like a circus - filled with acts that astound, humor, and confound in equal measure. Our curiosity was piqued by the enigmatic relationship between GMO soybeans in the heart of South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in the distant lands of Russia. The stage was set for a grand spectacle – or potentially, purely coincidental aberration.
Without further ado, let us embark on a journey that seeks to unravel the mysteries of what we have affectionately termed the "soy-thermal phenomenon." Our expedition aims to bring to light the unexpected alliance between these two seemingly incongruous forces and to uncover the implications that lie beneath this peculiar correlation. Get ready to bask in the warmth of geothermal puns, as we endeavor to shine a light on this unsuspected association. Join us as we unearth the roots of this intertwining tale of soy and steam, and explore the possible connections that tie together the harvester and the heat pump.
In the following pages, we will navigate through the data, statistical analyses, and historical perspectives, venturing into the uncharted territory of soybeans and steam turbines. While the road ahead may be paved with unpredictability, we invite our esteemed readers to revel in the curiosity that propels our investigation and the unexpected humor that occasionally bubbles to the surface. Welcome to the riveting world of "Soylent Steam." We promise an exhilarating yet informative rollercoaster ride through the captivating realms of genetically modified soybeans and the energy-rich landscapes of geothermal power.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]



ChatGPT:
[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]

The unexpected relationship between GMO soybeans and Russian geothermal power has sparked a flurry of academic interest, prompting researchers to sift through a diverse array of studies and publications. Smith et al. (2016) undertook a comprehensive examination of GMO soybean cultivation practices in North America, shedding light on the socio-economic impacts of genetically modified crops. Meanwhile, Doe's (2018) investigation delved into the complexities of geothermal energy production in Eurasia, offering valuable insights into the operational dynamics of geothermal power plants. Jones (2019) explored the environmental implications of genetically engineered agricultural products, presenting a thought-provoking analysis of GMO crop cultivation and its ecological footprint.

Moving beyond the confines of conventional academic literature, notable non-fiction works have also contributed to the discourse surrounding GMOs and alternative energy sources. "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan provides a comprehensive exploration of modern agricultural practices, including a nuanced discussion of genetically modified organisms and their impact on the food supply chain. Similarly, "This Changes Everything" by Naomi Klein delves into the interconnectedness of climate change and resource extraction, offering a broader context for the intersection of agricultural innovation and sustainable energy solutions.

Transitioning into the realm of fiction, literature has offered intriguing narratives that, while not explicitly focused on GMO soybeans or geothermal power, may provide tangential insights into the peculiar relationship under investigation. H.G. Wells' "The War of the Worlds" presents an imaginative portrayal of extraterrestrial invasion and planetary conquest, offering an allegorical lens through which to contemplate the intertwining of disparate forces. Furthermore, Jules Verne's "Journey to the Center of the Earth" masterfully weaves a tale of subterranean exploration, hinting at the enigmatic depths that underlie the Earth's surface and perhaps, the hidden connections between soybeans and subterranean heat sources.

In our pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the GMO soybeans and geothermal power enigma, our research team ventured into unorthodox territories, exploring unconventional sources of insight. This included perusing the cryptic wisdom contained within the hallowed pages of ancient texts, probing the cosmic mysteries whispered by the winds, and even deciphering the esoteric revelations embedded within grocery receipts from local convenience stores. While these unconventional methods may raise an eyebrow or two within the scholarly community, the journey of discovery is often lined with unexpected detours and curious encounters.

As we navigate the labyrinthine corridors of scholarly inquiry, the idiosyncrasies and serendipitous encounters that punctuate our investigation serve as a reminder that the pursuit of knowledge is an adventure filled with twists, turns, and the occasional delightful surprise. In the following sections of this paper, we will unveil the intriguing findings and implications of our examination, weaving together the disparate threads of GMO soybeans and geothermal power into a tapestry of scientific curiosity and irrepressible humor. Brace yourselves for an expedition like no other, where unconventional correlations meet whimsical exploration in a dance of scholarly inquiry.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the methodology section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the methodology section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and Energy Information Administration . You used data from 2000 to 2021

Make up the research methods you don't know. Make them a bit goofy and convoluted.

Here is the title, abstract, and introduction of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

[[INTRODUCTION]]
The notion of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has long been a subject of debate and contention, sparking fervent discussions at dinner tables and scientific symposiums alike. On the other hand, geothermal power, much like a reliable sitcom, quietly persists in the background, often overlooked but steadfast in its contribution to the world's energy needs. These two seemingly disparate entities have now found themselves entangled in an unlikely dance of peculiar correlation, akin to an unexpected tango between soybeans and steam.
As we delve into this peculiar pairing, it becomes clear that the world of research is much like a circus - filled with acts that astound, humor, and confound in equal measure. Our curiosity was piqued by the enigmatic relationship between GMO soybeans in the heart of South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in the distant lands of Russia. The stage was set for a grand spectacle – or potentially, purely coincidental aberration.
Without further ado, let us embark on a journey that seeks to unravel the mysteries of what we have affectionately termed the "soy-thermal phenomenon." Our expedition aims to bring to light the unexpected alliance between these two seemingly incongruous forces and to uncover the implications that lie beneath this peculiar correlation. Get ready to bask in the warmth of geothermal puns, as we endeavor to shine a light on this unsuspected association. Join us as we unearth the roots of this intertwining tale of soy and steam, and explore the possible connections that tie together the harvester and the heat pump.
In the following pages, we will navigate through the data, statistical analyses, and historical perspectives, venturing into the uncharted territory of soybeans and steam turbines. While the road ahead may be paved with unpredictability, we invite our esteemed readers to revel in the curiosity that propels our investigation and the unexpected humor that occasionally bubbles to the surface. Welcome to the riveting world of "Soylent Steam." We promise an exhilarating yet informative rollercoaster ride through the captivating realms of genetically modified soybeans and the energy-rich landscapes of geothermal power.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[METHODOLOGY]]



ChatGPT:

[[METHODOLOGY]]

To uncover the peculiar correlation between GMO soybeans and Russian geothermal power, our research team embarked on a methodological journey that rivaled Odysseus' odyssey in its twists and turns. Our dataset, representing the years 2000 to 2021, was akin to a treasure map leading us through the labyrinthine web of information sourced from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration. As we delved into this unconventional domain, we navigated through a complex maze of statistical analyses and historical inquiries, employing a blend of traditional methodologies and unorthodox approaches that could rival the antics of a mad scientist.

Our first step involved the meticulous collection of GMO soybean production data from South Dakota, recognizing that the journey of a soybean from the field to the lab is no simple stroll through the park. We scoured official reports, agricultural databases, and scholarly publications, remaining vigilant for any soy-related antics that might disrupt our quest for knowledge. Concurrently, we unraveled the enigmatic web of Russian geothermal power generation statistics, akin to deciphering hieroglyphics in a modern-day Ziggurat.

Having amassed these disparate strands of data, our analytical pursuits began with exploratory data analysis, akin to the diligent sifting through clues at a crime scene. The statistical toolkit at our disposal resembled a Swiss Army knife, with measures ranging from correlation analysis to time series modeling, providing us the tools to scrutinize this unsuspected duo in all its potential forms.

Our approach to this unorthodox investigation could be likened to a culinary experiment in a laboratory - a pinch of correlation coefficient calculation, a dash of hypothesis testing, and a sprinkle of regression analysis. We sought to tease out the underlying patterns and connections, ensuring that we were not led astray by mere coincidences masquerading as causations.

We also ventured into the realm of historical context, tracing the evolution of GMO soybean adoption in South Dakota and the rise of Russian geothermal power, much like intrepid archaeologists unearthing artifacts from a bygone era. This historical perspective provided a narrative backdrop to our findings, infusing our analysis with a sense of depth and intrigue, like seasoning a bland soup with the tantalizing flavors of the past.

In the end, our methodological escapade has led us to the surprising uncovering of a robust correlation between the quantities of GMO soybean production in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Our findings, much like a whimsical fairy tale, invite readers to suspend disbelief and join us in this extraordinary journey through the curious realms of soybeans and steam.

As a final note, we acknowledge that the path we traversed was not devoid of perils and pitfalls, and our methodology, while unconventional, is underpinned by the rigor and thoroughness befitting a scholarly expedition. Our intention is that our methodology, much like the subject matter it seeks to elucidate, will inspire a sense of wonder and intrigue in our esteemed readers, and perhaps elicit a chuckle or two at the unexpected turns in our investigative path.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the results section of an academic research paper. You speak in the past tense (you found...).
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the results section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Your research team collected data from all across the internet, but mostly just used information from USDA and Energy Information Administration .

For the time period 2000 to 2021, you found a correlation 0.9119895, r-squared of 0.8317249, and p < 0.01.

One figure will be included. The figure (Fig. 1) is a scatterplot showing the strong correlation between the two variables. You don't need to specify where; I will add the figure.

Here is the title and abstract of the paper:
[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

-------

And here is the methodology section that led to this result:
[[METHODOLOGY]]
The notion of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has long been a subject of debate and contention, sparking fervent discussions at dinner tables and scientific symposiums alike. On the other hand, geothermal power, much like a reliable sitcom, quietly persists in the background, often overlooked but steadfast in its contribution to the world's energy needs. These two seemingly disparate entities have now found themselves entangled in an unlikely dance of peculiar correlation, akin to an unexpected tango between soybeans and steam.
As we delve into this peculiar pairing, it becomes clear that the world of research is much like a circus - filled with acts that astound, humor, and confound in equal measure. Our curiosity was piqued by the enigmatic relationship between GMO soybeans in the heart of South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in the distant lands of Russia. The stage was set for a grand spectacle – or potentially, purely coincidental aberration.
Without further ado, let us embark on a journey that seeks to unravel the mysteries of what we have affectionately termed the "soy-thermal phenomenon." Our expedition aims to bring to light the unexpected alliance between these two seemingly incongruous forces and to uncover the implications that lie beneath this peculiar correlation. Get ready to bask in the warmth of geothermal puns, as we endeavor to shine a light on this unsuspected association. Join us as we unearth the roots of this intertwining tale of soy and steam, and explore the possible connections that tie together the harvester and the heat pump.
In the following pages, we will navigate through the data, statistical analyses, and historical perspectives, venturing into the uncharted territory of soybeans and steam turbines. While the road ahead may be paved with unpredictability, we invite our esteemed readers to revel in the curiosity that propels our investigation and the unexpected humor that occasionally bubbles to the surface. Welcome to the riveting world of "Soylent Steam." We promise an exhilarating yet informative rollercoaster ride through the captivating realms of genetically modified soybeans and the energy-rich landscapes of geothermal power.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[RESULTS]]



ChatGPT:

[[RESULTS]]

The analysis of the data gathered from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration has elucidated a rather striking correlation between the use of genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Our findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9119895, with a coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8317249, and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables.

Fig. 1 illustrates the scatterplot, cementing the evidence of this surprising correlation. The points on the graph align as if following a strict dance routine, with GMO soybean usage on the x-axis and geothermal power generation on the y-axis. One might imagine the soybeans doing a lively samba, leading to the sizzling production of geothermal power in Russia.

The implications of this correlation are as fascinating as they are unexpected. The relationship between these two variables is akin to discovering a shared affinity for hot yoga between a bean plant and a power plant. The significance of this correlation cannot be brushed aside as mere coincidence but calls for further exploration and contemplation.

Our findings add a compelling layer to the ongoing discourse about GMOs and renewable energy sources, introducing an unforeseen kinship between agricultural practices and energy production. The "soy-thermal phenomenon" we have unearthed is not only scientifically tantalizing but also offers an opportunity for lighthearted musings on the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements.

In conclusion, our research has unraveled an intriguing correlation between GMO soybeans in South Dakota and geothermal power generated in Russia, inviting further investigation and discussion. This peculiar relationship between soybeans and steam turbines serves as a testament to the boundless, often whimsical, connections that permeate the fabric of our world. As we traverse through the unexpected corridors of soy-thermal correlation, we encourage our readers to join us in pondering the captivating interplay between agriculture and energy production and to revel in the potential for surprising alliances within the realms of research.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of an academic research paper.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up the discussion section of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 500 tokens.

Here are the title, abstract, literature review, and results sections. Please harken back to 1-2 of the goofy items in the literature review, but pretend to take them completely seriously. Discuss how your results supported the prior research.

Do not write a conclusion. I will add a conclusion after this.

[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

[[LITERATURE REVIEW]]
The unexpected relationship between GMO soybeans and Russian geothermal power has sparked a flurry of academic interest, prompting researchers to sift through a diverse array of studies and publications. Smith et al. (2016) undertook a comprehensive examination of GMO soybean cultivation practices in North America, shedding light on the socio-economic impacts of genetically modified crops. Meanwhile, Doe's (2018) investigation delved into the complexities of geothermal energy production in Eurasia, offering valuable insights into the operational dynamics of geothermal power plants. Jones (2019) explored the environmental implications of genetically engineered agricultural products, presenting a thought-provoking analysis of GMO crop cultivation and its ecological footprint.
Moving beyond the confines of conventional academic literature, notable non-fiction works have also contributed to the discourse surrounding GMOs and alternative energy sources. "The Omnivore's Dilemma" by Michael Pollan provides a comprehensive exploration of modern agricultural practices, including a nuanced discussion of genetically modified organisms and their impact on the food supply chain. Similarly, "This Changes Everything" by Naomi Klein delves into the interconnectedness of climate change and resource extraction, offering a broader context for the intersection of agricultural innovation and sustainable energy solutions.
Transitioning into the realm of fiction, literature has offered intriguing narratives that, while not explicitly focused on GMO soybeans or geothermal power, may provide tangential insights into the peculiar relationship under investigation. H.G. Wells' "The War of the Worlds" presents an imaginative portrayal of extraterrestrial invasion and planetary conquest, offering an allegorical lens through which to contemplate the intertwining of disparate forces. Furthermore, Jules Verne's "Journey to the Center of the Earth" masterfully weaves a tale of subterranean exploration, hinting at the enigmatic depths that underlie the Earth's surface and perhaps, the hidden connections between soybeans and subterranean heat sources.
In our pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the GMO soybeans and geothermal power enigma, our research team ventured into unorthodox territories, exploring unconventional sources of insight. This included perusing the cryptic wisdom contained within the hallowed pages of ancient texts, probing the cosmic mysteries whispered by the winds, and even deciphering the esoteric revelations embedded within grocery receipts from local convenience stores. While these unconventional methods may raise an eyebrow or two within the scholarly community, the journey of discovery is often lined with unexpected detours and curious encounters.
As we navigate the labyrinthine corridors of scholarly inquiry, the idiosyncrasies and serendipitous encounters that punctuate our investigation serve as a reminder that the pursuit of knowledge is an adventure filled with twists, turns, and the occasional delightful surprise. In the following sections of this paper, we will unveil the intriguing findings and implications of our examination, weaving together the disparate threads of GMO soybeans and geothermal power into a tapestry of scientific curiosity and irrepressible humor. Brace yourselves for an expedition like no other, where unconventional correlations meet whimsical exploration in a dance of scholarly inquiry.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data gathered from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration has elucidated a rather striking correlation between the use of genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Our findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9119895, with a coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8317249, and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables.
Fig. 1 illustrates the scatterplot, cementing the evidence of this surprising correlation. The points on the graph align as if following a strict dance routine, with GMO soybean usage on the x-axis and geothermal power generation on the y-axis. One might imagine the soybeans doing a lively samba, leading to the sizzling production of geothermal power in Russia.
The implications of this correlation are as fascinating as they are unexpected. The relationship between these two variables is akin to discovering a shared affinity for hot yoga between a bean plant and a power plant. The significance of this correlation cannot be brushed aside as mere coincidence but calls for further exploration and contemplation.
Our findings add a compelling layer to the ongoing discourse about GMOs and renewable energy sources, introducing an unforeseen kinship between agricultural practices and energy production. The "soy-thermal phenomenon" we have unearthed is not only scientifically tantalizing but also offers an opportunity for lighthearted musings on the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements.
In conclusion, our research has unraveled an intriguing correlation between GMO soybeans in South Dakota and geothermal power generated in Russia, inviting further investigation and discussion. This peculiar relationship between soybeans and steam turbines serves as a testament to the boundless, often whimsical, connections that permeate the fabric of our world. As we traverse through the unexpected corridors of soy-thermal correlation, we encourage our readers to join us in pondering the captivating interplay between agriculture and energy production and to revel in the potential for surprising alliances within the realms of research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[DISCUSSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[DISCUSSION]]

The results of our investigation have not only validated but also added a layer of complexity to prior research exploring the intrigue of genetically modified soybeans and the enigma of Russian geothermal power. The poignant dance of data portrayed in our scatterplot provides empirical evidence to support the whimsical inklings and jests presented by Smith et al. (2016) and Doe (2018), who may not have directly anticipated this peculiar pas de deux of agricultural and energy phenomena. Jones' (2019) thought-provoking analysis of GMO crop cultivation also proves to have resonated deeply with the unearthing of this unorthodox correlation, adding a touch of unexpected whimsy to the seemingly somber topic of environmental impact. The idiosyncrasies and lighthearted observations scattered throughout our literature review find their reflected ripples in the unexpected linkage discovered in our study.

This steaming confluence of genetically modified soybeans and Russian geothermal power, with a correlation coefficient akin to the synchronicity of a well-choreographed tango, defies conventional wisdom and invites us to embrace the unexpected alliances that underlie our complex world. The soy-thermal phenomenon, while baffling in its initial revelation, now beckons for deeper contemplation, echoing the cosmic mysteries whispered by the winds and the esoteric revelations embedded within grocery receipts. Our findings have not only unveiled an unanticipated connection but also pose an invitation to scholars to waltz with unconventional correlations and relish the delight of scholarly inquiry.

In many ways, this discovery is akin to the whimsy found in H.G. Wells' "The War of the Worlds," where extraterrestrial forces unexpectedly intertwine with the terrestrial. Just as Jules Verne's "Journey to the Center of the Earth" hints at the enigmatic depths underlying the surface, so too does our study invite us to delve into the subterranean profundity of this unexpected correlation. The labyrinthine corridors of scholarly inquiry are indeed lined with the unexpected, reminding us that knowledge is not always a straightforward journey but a playful dance of discovery.

As we tiptoe through this rather peculiar landscape of soybeans and steam turbines, we urge our esteemed colleagues to join us in reveling in the humor and serendipity that often permeate the scholarly pursuit. For, just as a well-timed pun can enliven a dry discussion, our findings serve as a reminder that scholarly inquiry need not always be devoid of whimsy and amusement. So, let us embrace the entertaining dance of our findings and continue to ponder the captivating interplay between agriculture and energy production, with scholarly rigor and irrepressible humor.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You are a researcher writing an academic paper.You draft the discussion section of goofy academic research papers that sounds like it belongs based on the title and abstract provided.
User prompt:
Pretend you are an academic researcher. Your writing sounds like it belongs in a medical or economics journal. However, you frequently crack jokes, make puns, or add unexpected twists in your writing.

Please make up a short conclusion of an academic research paper presenting the findings of the connection between GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota and Geothermal power generated in Russia. Make it seem dry like academic research paper, but with lots of subtle hidden offhand remarks, jokes, goofy observations, and puns. Stay serious and dry most of the time, but then occasionally let your wit shine through.

Limit your response to 300 tokens. At the very end, assert that no more research is needed in this area.

Here are the title, abstract, introduction, and results sections.
[[TITLE]]
Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power

[[ABSTRACT]]
In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

[[INTRDUCTION]]
The notion of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has long been a subject of debate and contention, sparking fervent discussions at dinner tables and scientific symposiums alike. On the other hand, geothermal power, much like a reliable sitcom, quietly persists in the background, often overlooked but steadfast in its contribution to the world's energy needs. These two seemingly disparate entities have now found themselves entangled in an unlikely dance of peculiar correlation, akin to an unexpected tango between soybeans and steam.
As we delve into this peculiar pairing, it becomes clear that the world of research is much like a circus - filled with acts that astound, humor, and confound in equal measure. Our curiosity was piqued by the enigmatic relationship between GMO soybeans in the heart of South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in the distant lands of Russia. The stage was set for a grand spectacle – or potentially, purely coincidental aberration.
Without further ado, let us embark on a journey that seeks to unravel the mysteries of what we have affectionately termed the "soy-thermal phenomenon." Our expedition aims to bring to light the unexpected alliance between these two seemingly incongruous forces and to uncover the implications that lie beneath this peculiar correlation. Get ready to bask in the warmth of geothermal puns, as we endeavor to shine a light on this unsuspected association. Join us as we unearth the roots of this intertwining tale of soy and steam, and explore the possible connections that tie together the harvester and the heat pump.
In the following pages, we will navigate through the data, statistical analyses, and historical perspectives, venturing into the uncharted territory of soybeans and steam turbines. While the road ahead may be paved with unpredictability, we invite our esteemed readers to revel in the curiosity that propels our investigation and the unexpected humor that occasionally bubbles to the surface. Welcome to the riveting world of "Soylent Steam." We promise an exhilarating yet informative rollercoaster ride through the captivating realms of genetically modified soybeans and the energy-rich landscapes of geothermal power.

[[RESULTS]]
The analysis of the data gathered from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration has elucidated a rather striking correlation between the use of genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Our findings indicate a remarkably high correlation coefficient of 0.9119895, with a coefficient of determination (r-squared) of 0.8317249, and a p-value less than 0.01, indicating a statistically significant relationship between these seemingly unrelated variables.
Fig. 1 illustrates the scatterplot, cementing the evidence of this surprising correlation. The points on the graph align as if following a strict dance routine, with GMO soybean usage on the x-axis and geothermal power generation on the y-axis. One might imagine the soybeans doing a lively samba, leading to the sizzling production of geothermal power in Russia.
The implications of this correlation are as fascinating as they are unexpected. The relationship between these two variables is akin to discovering a shared affinity for hot yoga between a bean plant and a power plant. The significance of this correlation cannot be brushed aside as mere coincidence but calls for further exploration and contemplation.
Our findings add a compelling layer to the ongoing discourse about GMOs and renewable energy sources, introducing an unforeseen kinship between agricultural practices and energy production. The "soy-thermal phenomenon" we have unearthed is not only scientifically tantalizing but also offers an opportunity for lighthearted musings on the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate elements.
In conclusion, our research has unraveled an intriguing correlation between GMO soybeans in South Dakota and geothermal power generated in Russia, inviting further investigation and discussion. This peculiar relationship between soybeans and steam turbines serves as a testament to the boundless, often whimsical, connections that permeate the fabric of our world. As we traverse through the unexpected corridors of soy-thermal correlation, we encourage our readers to join us in pondering the captivating interplay between agriculture and energy production and to revel in the potential for surprising alliances within the realms of research.

-------

Your response should start like this:

[[CONCLUSION]]



ChatGPT:

[[CONCLUSION]]

In the pursuit of scientific inquiry, one must expect the unexpected and embrace the unconventional. Our investigation has led us down a path as twisty and surprising as a DNA helix, unearthing a correlation so intriguing it could rival the intrigue of a Russian novel. The "soy-thermal phenomenon" has enriched our understanding of the intricate linkages between agricultural practices and energy dynamics, akin to discovering a shared preference for soy lattes between a farmer and a geophysicist.

While our findings beckon for further exploration, it's fair to say that this soy-thermal liaison has left us marveling at the delightful randomness of the universe. As our study draws to a close, we stand at the crossroads of soybeans and steam, recognizing that sometimes science takes us on a merry dance of discovery, not unlike a waltz in the fields of South Dakota and a jig across the geothermal sites of Russia.

In light of the compelling evidence presented, we assert that further research in this area would likely yield diminishing returns, much like attempting to extract more milk from a proverbial soybean. It seems that the soy-thermal puzzle, while enigmatic and entertaining, has been sufficiently unraveled for now. As the curtain closes on this soy-thermal spectacle, we bid adieu to this curious correlation, with a nod to the whimsical nature of scientific exploration.

In the words of William Shakespeare, "Though this be madness, yet there is method in't." As we hang up our lab coats and bid farewell to our statistical analyses, we invite our scholarly colleagues to savor the flavor of this soy-thermal brew and reflect on the unexpected connections that infuse the world of research with a delightful sense of wonder.


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of academic journals. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding research, scientific, or academic journal that would publish a paper entited Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power. Respond only with the name of a fictional academic journal.

ChatGPT:

The Journal of Agricultural Alchemy


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide fictional names of nonprofit research organizations and associations. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide the name of a funny but plausible sounding nonprofit, academic, or scientific association or organization that would sponsor research that resulted in a paper entited Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power. Respond only with the name of a fictional organization.

ChatGPT:

The Society for Ecological Innovation and Agricultural Advancement


Model: gpt-3.5-turbo-1106
System prompt: You provide potential search keywords separated by commas. You say nothing else, and you do not chat with the user.
User prompt: Please provide potential search keywords for a paper titled Soylent Steam: Exploring the Unlikely Link Between GMO Soybeans and Russian Geothermal Power with an abstract of In this study, we delve into an unexpected connection between genetically modified soybeans in South Dakota and the generation of geothermal power in Russia. Using robust data from the USDA and the Energy Information Administration, our research team has unveiled a tantalizing correlation between the two variables. Surprisingly, a correlation coefficient of 0.9119895 and p < 0.01 for the period of 2000 to 2021 has emerged, suggesting a noteworthy relationship that cannot be dismissed as mere happenstance. Our findings shed light on this unconventional linkage and call for further investigation and speculation. The implications of this unexpected correlation are as intriguing as they are surprising, and it opens the door to a myriad of potential explanations and implications. We invite readers to join us in this eccentric exploration of the soy-thermal phenomenon.

ChatGPT:

GMO soybeans, Russian geothermal power, South Dakota, USDA data, Energy Information Administration, correlation coefficient, p-value, 2000-2021, unconventional linkage, implications, speculation, soy-thermal phenomenon

*There is a bunch of Python happening behind the scenes to turn this prompt sequence into a PDF.



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Data details

GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota
Detailed data title: Percent of soybeans planted in South Dakota that are genetically modified to be herbicide-tolerant (HT), but not insect-resistant (Bt)
Source: USDA
See what else correlates with GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota

Geothermal power generated in Russia
Detailed data title: Total geothermal power generated in Russia in billion kWh
Source: Energy Information Administration
See what else correlates with Geothermal power generated in Russia

Correlation r = 0.9119895 (Pearson correlation coefficient)
Correlation is a measure of how much the variables move together. If it is 0.99, when one goes up the other goes up. If it is 0.02, the connection is very weak or non-existent. If it is -0.99, then when one goes up the other goes down. If it is 1.00, you probably messed up your correlation function.

r2 = 0.8317249 (Coefficient of determination)
This means 83.2% of the change in the one variable (i.e., Geothermal power generated in Russia) is predictable based on the change in the other (i.e., GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota) over the 22 years from 2000 through 2021.

p < 0.01, which is statistically significant(Null hypothesis significance test)
The p-value is 3.5E-9. 0.0000000034857298645845815000
The p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme. More specifically the p-value is a measure of how probable it is that we would randomly find a result this extreme if we had only tested one pair of variables one time.

But I am a p-villain. I absolutely did not test only one pair of variables one time. I correlated hundreds of millions of pairs of variables. I threw boatloads of data into an industrial-sized blender to find this correlation.

Who is going to stop me? p-value reporting doesn't require me to report how many calculations I had to go through in order to find a low p-value!
On average, you will find a correaltion as strong as 0.91 in 3.5E-7% of random cases. Said differently, if you correlated 286,883,964 random variables You don't actually need 286 million variables to find a correlation like this one. I don't have that many variables in my database. You can also correlate variables that are not independent. I do this a lot.

p-value calculations are useful for understanding the probability of a result happening by chance. They are most useful when used to highlight the risk of a fluke outcome. For example, if you calculate a p-value of 0.30, the risk that the result is a fluke is high. It is good to know that! But there are lots of ways to get a p-value of less than 0.01, as evidenced by this project.

In this particular case, the values are so extreme as to be meaningless. That's why no one reports p-values with specificity after they drop below 0.01.

Just to be clear: I'm being completely transparent about the calculations. There is no math trickery. This is just how statistics shakes out when you calculate hundreds of millions of random correlations.
with the same 21 degrees of freedom, Degrees of freedom is a measure of how many free components we are testing. In this case it is 21 because we have two variables measured over a period of 22 years. It's just the number of years minus ( the number of variables minus one ), which in this case simplifies to the number of years minus one.
you would randomly expect to find a correlation as strong as this one.

[ 0.8, 0.96 ] 95% correlation confidence interval (using the Fisher z-transformation)
The confidence interval is an estimate the range of the value of the correlation coefficient, using the correlation itself as an input. The values are meant to be the low and high end of the correlation coefficient with 95% confidence.

This one is a bit more complciated than the other calculations, but I include it because many people have been pushing for confidence intervals instead of p-value calculations (for example: NEJM. However, if you are dredging data, you can reliably find yourself in the 5%. That's my goal!


All values for the years included above: If I were being very sneaky, I could trim years from the beginning or end of the datasets to increase the correlation on some pairs of variables. I don't do that because there are already plenty of correlations in my database without monkeying with the years.

Still, sometimes one of the variables has more years of data available than the other. This page only shows the overlapping years. To see all the years, click on "See what else correlates with..." link above.
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021
GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota (GMO soybeans %)68808991959593979798989898979796969697939594
Geothermal power generated in Russia (Billion kWh)0.0580.0910.1560.3240.4030.410.4630.4850.4650.4640.5050.5220.4770.4440.4550.4570.4460.4350.4260.4330.4210.445




Why this works

  1. Data dredging: I have 25,153 variables in my database. I compare all these variables against each other to find ones that randomly match up. That's 632,673,409 correlation calculations! This is called “data dredging.” Instead of starting with a hypothesis and testing it, I instead abused the data to see what correlations shake out. It’s a dangerous way to go about analysis, because any sufficiently large dataset will yield strong correlations completely at random.
  2. Lack of causal connection: There is probably Because these pages are automatically generated, it's possible that the two variables you are viewing are in fact causually related. I take steps to prevent the obvious ones from showing on the site (I don't let data about the weather in one city correlate with the weather in a neighboring city, for example), but sometimes they still pop up. If they are related, cool! You found a loophole.
    no direct connection between these variables, despite what the AI says above. This is exacerbated by the fact that I used "Years" as the base variable. Lots of things happen in a year that are not related to each other! Most studies would use something like "one person" in stead of "one year" to be the "thing" studied.
  3. Observations not independent: For many variables, sequential years are not independent of each other. If a population of people is continuously doing something every day, there is no reason to think they would suddenly change how they are doing that thing on January 1. A simple Personally I don't find any p-value calculation to be 'simple,' but you know what I mean.
    p-value calculation does not take this into account, so mathematically it appears less probable than it really is.
  4. Y-axis doesn't start at zero: I truncated the Y-axes of the graph above. I also used a line graph, which makes the visual connection stand out more than it deserves. Nothing against line graphs. They are great at telling a story when you have linear data! But visually it is deceptive because the only data is at the points on the graph, not the lines on the graph. In between each point, the data could have been doing anything. Like going for a random walk by itself!
    Mathematically what I showed is true, but it is intentionally misleading. Below is the same chart but with both Y-axes starting at zero.
  5. Outlandish outliers: There are "outliers" in this data. In concept, "outlier" just means "way different than the rest of your dataset." When calculating a correlation like this, they are particularly impactful because a single outlier can substantially increase your correlation.

    For the purposes of this project, I counted a point as an outlier if it the residual was two standard deviations from the mean.

    (This bullet point only shows up in the details page on charts that do, in fact, have outliers.)
    They stand out on the scatterplot above: notice the dots that are far away from any other dots. I intentionally mishandeled outliers, which makes the correlation look extra strong.




Try it yourself

You can calculate the values on this page on your own! Try running the Python code to see the calculation results. Step 1: Download and install Python on your computer.

Step 2: Open a plaintext editor like Notepad and paste the code below into it.

Step 3: Save the file as "calculate_correlation.py" in a place you will remember, like your desktop. Copy the file location to your clipboard. On Windows, you can right-click the file and click "Properties," and then copy what comes after "Location:" As an example, on my computer the location is "C:\Users\tyler\Desktop"

Step 4: Open a command line window. For example, by pressing start and typing "cmd" and them pressing enter.

Step 5: Install the required modules by typing "pip install numpy", then pressing enter, then typing "pip install scipy", then pressing enter.

Step 6: Navigate to the location where you saved the Python file by using the "cd" command. For example, I would type "cd C:\Users\tyler\Desktop" and push enter.

Step 7: Run the Python script by typing "python calculate_correlation.py"

If you run into any issues, I suggest asking ChatGPT to walk you through installing Python and running the code below on your system. Try this question:

"Walk me through installing Python on my computer to run a script that uses scipy and numpy. Go step-by-step and ask me to confirm before moving on. Start by asking me questions about my operating system so that you know how to proceed. Assume I want the simplest installation with the latest version of Python and that I do not currently have any of the necessary elements installed. Remember to only give me one step per response and confirm I have done it before proceeding."


# These modules make it easier to perform the calculation
import numpy as np
from scipy import stats

# We'll define a function that we can call to return the correlation calculations
def calculate_correlation(array1, array2):

    # Calculate Pearson correlation coefficient and p-value
    correlation, p_value = stats.pearsonr(array1, array2)

    # Calculate R-squared as the square of the correlation coefficient
    r_squared = correlation**2

    return correlation, r_squared, p_value

# These are the arrays for the variables shown on this page, but you can modify them to be any two sets of numbers
array_1 = np.array([68,80,89,91,95,95,93,97,97,98,98,98,98,97,97,96,96,96,97,93,95,94,])
array_2 = np.array([0.058,0.091,0.156,0.324,0.403,0.41,0.463,0.485,0.465,0.464,0.505,0.522,0.477,0.444,0.455,0.457,0.446,0.435,0.426,0.433,0.421,0.445,])
array_1_name = "GMO use in soybeans in South Dakota"
array_2_name = "Geothermal power generated in Russia"

# Perform the calculation
print(f"Calculating the correlation between {array_1_name} and {array_2_name}...")
correlation, r_squared, p_value = calculate_correlation(array_1, array_2)

# Print the results
print("Correlation Coefficient:", correlation)
print("R-squared:", r_squared)
print("P-value:", p_value)



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You do not need to attribute "the spurious correlations website," and you don't even need to link here if you don't want to. I don't gain anything from pageviews. There are no ads on this site, there is nothing for sale, and I am not for hire.

For the record, I am just one person. Tyler Vigen, he/him/his. I do have degrees, but they should not go after my name unless you want to annoy my wife. If that is your goal, then go ahead and cite me as "Tyler Vigen, A.A. A.A.S. B.A. J.D." Otherwise it is just "Tyler Vigen."

When spoken, my last name is pronounced "vegan," like I don't eat meat.

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Correlation ID: 3579 · Black Variable ID: 825 · Red Variable ID: 23921
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